初中英语知识点总结-虚拟语气.docx
初中英语知识点总结:虚拟语气虚拟，在汉语中表示一种假设的，不存在的状况，同样，英语中虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不肯定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特别形式来表示。在初中阶段，虚拟语气一般用于下列状况：一、条件状语从句1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用should (would, could, might)+动词原形。如：If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你，我会带把伞。(事实上我不行能是你)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(事实上我不知道)2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，从句：主语+had done ， 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done，例如：If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 假如我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 (事实：去晚了)3、与将来事实相反从句：if+主语+were to do 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doif+主语+did/were 主语+should/would/could/might+doif+主语+should+do 主语+should/would/could/might+do例如：If he went，would you go too? 假如他去，你也去吗?(也许他不会去)If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 假如他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 (事实：来的可能性很小)留意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请留意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来状况的推想;二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用should+动词原形(表示可能性微小，常译为万一)或were to+动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的假设);三是当条件从句运用should+动词原形这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用should (would, could, might)+动词原形这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告知他。If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就别等我了。二、wish 后宾语从句1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 。例如：I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done例如：I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实：那时还不知道)3、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would(情态动词) + 动词原形I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实：很难再有这样的机会了)常见考法对于虚拟语气的考查，在单项和完形填空中出现的较多，在阅读理解中，也常会出现虚拟语气的句子。我们驾驭了虚拟语气的用法，会帮助我们更好的理解短文。典型例题：Mary is ill today. If she _， she _ absent from school.A. were not ill， wouldn't beB. had been ill， wouldn't have beenC. had been ill， should have beenD. hadn't been ill， could be解析： 题干的意思是 Mary今日病了，假如她没生病，今日她就会去上学了。因为第一句说，Mary今日病了，所以本题考查的是与现在状况相反的事情，因之，主句用would、should、could+动词原型，从句用一般过去时。答案：A误区提示1、在学习虚拟语气的时候，要对过去、 现在、 将来的虚拟的做出正确的推断。2、肯定要记住，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式，动词be要用were。典型例题：I _ him the answer _ possible， but I was so busy then.A. could tell， if it had beenB. must have told， were itC. should have told， had it beenD. should have told， should it be解析：先分开看此题，由于设空处在主句，所以先看主句，因为由主句看不出题目所表达的详细时间，所以再看从句，此从句是由but引导的转折句，所表达的时态是一般过去时，意为我那时很忙，所以，主句发生的事情是与过去事情相反的事情，因之，主句用could、should、would+动词原形，从句用过去完成时。答案：C
