全国英语等级考试五级(PETS5)历年真题四.docx

全国英语等级考试五级(PETS5)历年真题四根据以下材料，回答31-50题（江南博哥）Aging baby boomers are determined to fight the aging process, They spend millions of dollars a year on (31)_they perceive as the best anti-aging products (32)_can buy. They are being very short-sighted (33)_their quest for youth. Just (34)a well- maintained car eventually breaks (35)_, our bodies (36)_the same. Aging is a chronic and ongoing condition we all face.Successful aging requires planning. The baby boomer generation has made (37)_loud and clear that they want to remain in their homes and communities (38)_they age. Yet they(39)_the most important factor that will help them achieve the goal(40)_age successfully at home.The home environment most boomers reside in was built for the young family. A young body(41)_run the stairs, stand at the sink and get on a stool to (42)things. These are activities that becomedifficult or even (43)_for some as they age. Falls are the num- ber one robber of independence of the aging body. Yes, all the exercise and good nutrition cannot(44)_one from fallingand breaking a bone.Eventually the body slows down and (45)_mobile can be an issue. It becomes hard to get into the bathroom. Many aging seniors stop taking baths because of a (46)_of fall- ing. No matterhow hard we want to stay young or our bodies (47)_ maintain a youthful appearance, eventually we will slow down.So what is the best investment for successful aging at home? It is simple. Adjust your present living environment to meet the needs of your aging body. Many aging seniors (48)_up in nursinghomes or assisted living (49)_their home environment could not (50)_their needs.31 填空题参考解析：what【精析】本句意为“他们每年花费数百万美元购买抗衰老产品，在他们看来，那些产品是用钱能买到的最好的产品。”根据语法分析，此空应填宾语从句的引导词“what”。参考译文婴儿潮这一代人正逐渐变老，但是他们决心对抗衰老。他41"1每年花费数百万美元购买抗衰老产品，在他们看来，那些产品是用钱能买到的最好的产品。他们在追求青春方面目光比较短浅。我们知道，一个勤于保养的车辆也会出故障，我们的身体更是一样。衰老是我们所面临的一种缓慢但持续的状态。如何成功的衰老需要我们仔细规划。婴儿潮这一代已经明确表示：他们希望自己在变老的过程中不离开家园和社区。然而，他们忽略了一个能帮助他们成功实现在家安享晚年的最重要的因素。婴儿潮这一代现在居住的家庭环境是专为年轻一族所设计的。年轻人可以爬楼梯，站在水槽上或凳子上拿东西。然而，这些行为随着年龄的增加会变得困难甚至难以完成。摔倒是剥夺老人独立性的头号杀手。是的，所有的运动和良好的营养都不能避免人们摔倒和骨折。最终，我们身体的节奏慢了下来，而且四处走动也成为问题。人们变得难以进入浴室。许多老年人不洗澡，就是因为害怕在浴室跌倒。无论我们如何努力想保持年轻，或使我们的身体保持年轻的容貌，最终，我们的生活节奏都会变慢。那么，在家里，什么是成功衰老的最好投资呢?这很简单。调整你眼下的生活环境，以满足机体衰老的需求。许多老年人最后不得不生活在养老院或辅助生活站，因为他们的家居环境无法满足他们的需求。32 填空题参考解析：money【精析】本句翻译见31题。根据语法分析，“can buy”是修饰“the bestantiaging products”的定语从句，此空所填词语是定语从句内部的主语。结合上下文语意，所以此空应填“money”。33 填空题参考解析：in【精析】本句意为“他们在追求青春方面目光比较短浅。”“be short-sighted in sth”是固定搭配，意为“在是目光短浅的”，所以此空应填“in”。34 填空题参考解析：as【精析】本句意为“我们知道，一个勤于保养的车辆也会出故障，我们的身体更是一样。”结合上下文可知：该句旨在表示类比，所以此空应填“as”构成“Just as”。35 填空题参考解析：down【精析】本句翻译见34题。“break down”是固定搭配，意为“(汽车)抛锚，发生故障”，所以此空应填“down”。36 填空题参考解析：do【精析】本句翻译见34题。结合上下文可知：作者将“身体”和“车辆”进行类比，所以此空应填“do”构成“do the same”。37 填空题参考解析：it【精析】本句意为“婴儿潮这一代已经表示的很清楚”。根据语法分析，此空所填词语是形式宾语it，其逻辑主语是“that they want to remain in their homes and communities”。38 填空题参考解析：as【精析】本句意为“他们希望自己在变老的过程中不离开家园和社区”。根据语法分析，此空所填词语是时间状语的引导词“as”。39 填空题参考解析：ignore【精析】本句意为“然而，他们忽略了一个能帮助他们成功实现在家安享晚年的最重要的因素。”该句中的“Yet”表示上下文的转折，所以此空应填“ignore”表示这些老年人所忽视的内容。40 填空题参考解析：to【精析】本句翻译见39题。“the goal to do sth”是惯用短语，所以此空应填“to”。41 填空题参考解析：Canl【精析】本句意为“年轻人可以爬楼梯，站在水槽上或凳子上拿东西。”根据语意，此空应填“Can”。42 填空题参考解析：reach【精析】本句翻译见41题。根据语意，此空应填“reach”。43 填空题参考解析：impossible【精析】本句意为“这些行为随着年龄的增加而变得困难甚至难以完成。”根据上文“These are activities that become difficult or even”可知：所填词语要构成以“or”为中心的平行结构，而且语意上要和“dif-ficult”形成递进关系，所以此空应填“impossible”。44 填空题参考解析：keep【精析】本句意为“所有的运动和良好的营养都不能避免人们摔倒”。“keep sbfrom doing sth”是固定搭配，意为“使免于，阻止某人做某事”，所以此空应填“keep”。45 填空题参考解析：being【精析】本句意为“最终，我们身体的节奏慢了下来，而且四处走动也成为问题。”根据上下文可知：该句前后连贯，形成句子与句子的平行结构，所以此空应填“being”构成句子的第二个主语“being mobile”。46 填空题参考解析：fear【精析】本句意为“是因为害怕在浴室跌倒”。根据语意，所以此空应填“fear”。47 填空题参考解析：to【精析】本句意为“无论我们如何努力想保持年轻，或使我们的身体保持年轻的容貌”。根据语法分析，该句是以“or”为中心的平行结构，所以此空应填“to”构成平行的第二个句子“0ur bodies(want)tomaintain a youthful appearance”。48 填空题参考解析：end【精析】本句意为“许多老年人最后不得不生活在养老院或辅助生活站，因为他们的家居环境无法满足他们的需求。end up”是固定搭配，意为“结束”，所以此空应填“end”。49 填空题参考解析：because【精析】本句翻译见48题。根据语意，所以此空应填表原因的连词because”。50 填空题参考解析：accommodate【精析】本句翻译见48题。“accommodate ones needs”是固定搭配，意为“满足某人的需要”，所以此空应填“accommodate”。此外，此空也可填“meet”。材料题根据以下材料，回答51-54题Text 1The trams that glide through Croydon by day are evocative of continental Europe. The loud and sometimes violent drunkenness among the young people who roam this south London suburb on aSaturday night is all too British, however.That Britons tend to drink too much is nothing new. But the debate about how to curb youthful drunkenness is gaining focus, in part because of recent reminders that the violence it produces can gobeyond clumsy late-night fights. On August 17th, three youths in Gateshead were convicted of beating a man into a month-long coma for refusing to buy alcohol for their underage friends. Peter Fathy, the chief constable of Cheshire, where a father of three was murdered on August 10th by youths, has suggested, amongother things, raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 and ban- ning alcohol consumption in public places. These proposals sound plausible but they have draw- backs. It would put Britain out ofline with international practice: the buying age is 18 in most of Europe, and as low as 16 in countries without much of a drink problem, such as Italy. In any case, binge-drinker in their mid-twenties are also part of the problem.As for banning drinking in public places, local authorities in Britain can already do this. Two particularly enthusiastic councils are Westminster in London and Brighton and Hove on the south coast,both of which have raucous night-time economies. Other councils apply the ban more selec- tively. An alternative to restrictive measures is to teach Britons more sensible drinking habits. After all, government campaigns and publichealth advertisements played some role in the decline in smoking. But Ben Baumberg, a researcher at the Institute for Alcohol Studies, cautions against pin- ning too many hopes on this approach.By itself, he says, it will not revolutionise Britain's binge- drinking culture.A surer solution is to raise the cost of alcohol by increasing taxes. Grant Thornton, an ac- countancy firm, points out that taxes on alcohol have fallen in real terms, over the past decade, al- thoughthey are still high by European standards. Intense competition between the pubs and bars in town centres has also pushed down prices. Drinkers stumble from one watering hole to the next in searchof "happy hours" and other promotions. Supermarkets are also accused of selling alcoholic beverages.The government may be about to change course. Its previous strategy to counter excessive al- cohol consumption was criticized for relying too heavily on voluntary action by the drinks industry. Butministers said in June that they would review the pricing and promotion of alcohol. Raising the cost of drinking is the best hope of making a Saturday night in Croydon more peaceful.51 单选题 What is implied in the first paragraph?A. Nights in Britain can be chaotic. B. Croydon has kept continental tradition.C. Tram service is not available at night.D. Drunken young people are hardly seen during the day.正确答案：A参考解析：A【精析】推理题。题目问的是“文章第一段暗示了什么?”。由文章第一段第二句“The loud and sometimes violent dmnkennessamong the young people who roam this south London suburb on aSaturday night is all too British，however”可知：周六晚在伦敦南部郊区出现的醉酒后吵吵闹闹或有时实施暴力的年轻人也是英国很典型的特征。从中可以推出，英国年轻人会在周六晚在伦敦南部郊区滋事，这与A项内容相符。故选A。参考译文横跨克罗伊登的白天的电车足以让人回昧欧洲大陆。然而，周六晚在伦敦南部郊区出现的醉酒后吵吵闹闹或有时实施暴力的年轻人也是英国很典型的特征。如今，英国人容易酗酒已不足为奇。但关于如何遏制青年人酗酒的辩论正日益受到关注。某种程度上是因为最近所发生的事，其产生的暴力远不止那些深夜的斗殴。8月17日，在盖茨黑德的三名青年被定罪，原因是殴打一名拒绝为他们未成年的朋友们买酒的男子，并使其昏迷一个月。彼得·费伊，柴郡地方的警察局长建议，除其他事项外，还要将法定饮酒年龄从l8岁提高到21岁并在公共场所禁止酒类消费。因为在8月10日，柴郡一个有三个孩子的父亲被年轻人谋杀。这些建议看似合理，但也有缺点。这一做法将使英国脱离了国际惯例：在欧洲大部分国家，买酒的年龄限制是l8岁。有的国家没出现太多的饮酒问题，所以规定买酒的年龄限制是l6岁，如意大利。即便如此，在二十五六岁的人群中，疯狂饮酒也会带来一些问题。至于在公共场所禁止饮酒，英国地方当局已经可以做到这一点。伦敦的威斯敏斯特和南海岸的布莱顿是两个特别积极的地区，这两地都有热闹的夜生活。其他地区更有选择性地实行该禁令。除了限制性措施，另一种做法是培养英国人更加理智的饮酒习惯。毕竟，政府的宣传和公众健康的广告在减少吸烟上起到了一定的作用。但本邦伯格一位酒精研究所的研究员告诫我们不要对这种方式寄予太大的希望。他说，就其本身而言，它不会彻底改变英国的饮酒文化。更可靠的解决方案是通过增加税收来提高酒类的成本。格兰特斯恩腾一家会计事务所指出，虽然比照欧洲的标准，英国的酒税很高，但实际上在过去十年里英国酒税已经下降了。城镇中心的酒吧之间的激烈竞争也降低了酒水的价格。饮酒者跌跌撞撞的从一家酒馆到另一家，不断寻找“欢乐时光”和酒类促销活动。超市也被指控出售酒精饮料。政府很可能改变其行动方向。先前反对过量饮酒的政策由于对酒类行业的自主行动过于依赖而饱受批评。6月，部长们表示他们会核查酒水的定价和促销。提高饮酒的成本可能是使星期六晚上克罗伊登更加平静的最大希望。52 单选题 The proposal of resetting the drinking ageA. was triggered by a murder committed by drunken youths. B. may lead to a feasible solution to youthful drunkenness. C. would enable Britain to keep up with international practice.D. was put forward out of the concern about violent crimes.正确答案：A参考解析：A【精析】细节题。题目问的是“重新设定饮酒年龄的提议是”。由文章第二段第四句“Peter Fathy，the chief constable ofCheshire，in public places”可知：彼得·费伊，柴郡地方的警察局长建议，除其他事项外，还要将法定饮酒年龄从l8岁提高到21岁并在公共场所禁止饮酒。因为在8月10日，柴郡一个有三个孩子的父亲被年轻人谋杀。这与A项内容相符。故选A。53 单选题 In solving the drinking problem, some local governmentsA. may try similar measures as they did to smoking.B. are to raise public awareness of the severity of youthful drunkenness. C. have to strike a balance between economy and public order.D. have been cautious about taking restrictive measures nationwide.正确答案：B参考解析：B【精析】推理题。题目问的是“在解决饮酒问题上，一些当地政府”。由文章第三段第五句“After all，government campaigns and public health advertisements played some role in the decline in smoking”可知：毕竟，政府的宣传和公众健康的广告在减少吸烟上起到了一定的作用，从中可推论出在青少年的禁酒问题上，当地政府会效仿禁烟的广告来提高公众的意识，这与B项内容相符。故选B。54 单选题 What is the best solution to excessive drinking according to the author?A. Raising the legal drinking age.B. Banning alcohol consumption in public places. C. Placing public health advertisements.D. Raising taxes on alcoholic drinks.正确答案：D参考解析：D【精析】细节题。题目问的是“在作者看来，解决大量饮酒的最好的方法是什么?”。由文章第四段第一句“A surer solution is toraise the cost of alcohol by increasing taxes”和文章的最后一句话“Raising the cost of drinking is the best hope of making a Saturdaynight in Croydon more peaceful”可看出，作者认为最好的解决办法就是提高饮酒的成本，这与D项内容相符。故选D。55 单选题 Which of the following can be the title of this passage?A. The Cost of DrinkingB. How to Sober Them UpC. Drinking and Crime in BritainD. The Search for Happy Hour正确答案：B参考解析：B【精析】主旨题。题目问的是“文章最好的标题是什么?”。文章主要讲述了英国青少年的饮酒与犯罪问题，其后谈到英国政府在限制饮酒问题上所采取的一些措施，以期恢复英国社会的稳定，所以本题的正确答案为B。材料题根据以下材料，回答56-56题Text 2The two books, Final Exam: A Surgeon's Reflections on Mortality by Pauline Chen, and Bet- ter: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance by Atul Gawande, are remarkably honest and human ac- counts,both describing professional moments of fear, guilt, embarrassment and humor. The two authors, both Harvard-educated surgeons, admit to cases of personal failure and call on their fellow medics to reflect continuously on how they can improve the way their profession is practiced.Pauline Chen's project is a discussion of appropriate end-of-life care. She probes into the ques- tion of why surgeons can seem unfeeling and slowly teases apart the answer that it is brought about by a doctor's training. In her view, medical students shouldlearn to trivialize death enough to cope but humanize it enough to help, and their formal education caters disproportionately to the former.Atul Gawande is more interested in behavioral tendenciesthan emotional ones. His is wider in scope and richer in fascinating detail. A staff writer for the New Yorker as well as a 2006 MacArthur"genius" grant recipient for his research, Dr. Gawandereports on the experience of other doctors as well as recounting his own. He has talked to medical men who have participated in executions and to others who have become prosecutinglawyers in malpractice suits.Dr. Gawande encourages his colleagues to observe their performance in a quantitative way. A simple example of this is that medics; including himself, wash their hands about a third as often as theyshould. By contrast, doctors at the World Health Organization monitor polio with such dili- gence that a single case in southern India leads to the rapid mobilization of a massive vaccinationprogram. Army surgeons in Afghanistan and Iraq are, he believes, masters at working out ways to im- prove their performance. For example, their exhaustive spreadsheets reveal that whensurgeons are faced with wounded men off the battlefield, the death count is reduced if, instead of continuing the necessary emergency treatment, they ship the anaesthetized soldiers off toother, perhaps better- equipped facilities, their wounds often still open and packed with gauze.Bo authors recall professionals they respect telling them that the best doctors are those who can put themselves in their patients' shoes. This allows them to approach openly the question of whento give up on aggressive treatment and let the patient's failing health progress peacefully. Deaths can often be made easier than they would have been if too much medical ambition hadbeen involved.Where these books disappoint, if only slightly, is in the very occasional use of a specialized term when an everyday phrase would have done. A pity, but a small one. In general, both books succeedin being as engaging to the layman as to the practicing or studying doctor. They should be required reading for the latter.56 单选题 According to Dr. Chen, medical students are trained toA. treat death as something unimportant. B. treat death in an inhumane way.C. show sympathy towards patients' sufferings. D. show civility towards dying patients.正确答案：A参考解析：A【精析】细节题。题目问的是在“陈宝莲看来，医学学生学会”。由文章第二段第三句“In her view，medical studentslearn to trivialize death enough to cope but humanize it enough to helpand their formal education caters disproportionately to the former”可知：在她看来，医学学生应该学会轻视死亡，才能学会面对，但要予以人性化，才能给予帮助。但当前的正规教育却不成比例地倾向了前者，这与A项内容相符。故选A。参考译文 两本期末考试书：陈宝莲的一个外科医生对死亡的思考和阿图尔r咖旺德的更好：一个外科医生的手术记录，都是相当真实和人性化的记录。两本书都描述了当事人的恐惧、内疚、尴尬和幽默。两位作者同时又都是毕业于哈佛大学的外科医生，而且都承认了个人失败的案例并呼吁其他医务人员不断反思他们应该如何提高从业水平。陈宝莲讨论了适当的临终关怀。她探讨了为什么医生似乎能冷漠且不急不慢地回答问题。这是由医生的职业决定的。在她看来，医学学生应该学会轻视死亡，才能学会面对，又要予以人性化，才能给予帮助。但当前的正规教育却不成比例地倾向了前者。比起情感倾向，阿图尔·咖旺德对行为倾向更感兴趣。他的书视野宽阔，细节丰富，引人入胜。作为纽约人的撰稿作家同时也是2006年因其研究受到麦克阿瑟“天才”称号的咖旺德博士，在谈到自己和其他医生的经验时说，他曾采访过参与医疗安乐死的医生和那些处理医疗事故的起诉律师。咖旺德博士鼓励同事们以定量的方式观察自己的表现。在这方面，一个简单的例子就是包括他本人在内的医务人员大概有三分之一的人是按要求经常洗手的。相比之下，世界卫生组织的医生们非常积极的监测小儿麻痹症，以至于印度南部一个单一病例就导致了大规模疫苗接种计划的迅速动员。他认为，在阿富汗和伊拉克的陆军外科医生很擅长找出提高手术成效的途径。例如，详尽的数据显示，当医生面对撤离战场的伤员时，如果不继续一些必要的紧急治疗，而是将他们麻醉送往其他医院，或许是有更好设施的医院，死亡数量将会减少。伤员往往只是缠了纱布，伤口还常是暴露的。两位作者还回忆了他们尊重的医生曾告诉他们，最好的医生是那些为患者着想的医生。这使他们能够坦然的处理何时放弃积极的治疗并让患者平静地离去。如果经历了足够的医疗救治，那么死亡会比原本的痛苦更少。两本书中，稍微让人失望的地方是偶尔使用了一些专门术语，而不是日常短语。这是一个小小的遗憾。总的说来，这两本书都成功地指向了对医学一无所知的读者和那些正在从业的或学习的医者。对于后者而言，这两本书应该必读。57 单选题 In his book, Dr. GawandeA. deals mainly with emotional is