全国英语等级考试五级(PETS5)历年真题七.docx

全国英语等级考试五级(PETS5)历年真题七材料题（江南博哥）根据以下材料，回答1-1题Between 1852, when (31)_ was first established that Mount Everest was the highest mountain on earth, and 1953, when Edmund Hillary, and Tenzing Norgay finally reached the peak's summit,it was every mountaineer's dream to become the first person standing on the world's(32)_ point. And George Mallory was one of the most tenacious early contenders.Mallory was introduced (33)_ rock climbing while studying at Winchester College.(34)_ completed his studies, he settled into a career (35)_ a teacher at Charterhouse School, and continued to pursue his passion (36)_ climbing in his spare time.Mallory's (37)_ trip to Everest was a reconnaissance mission in 1921(38 )_aimed to produce the first accurate maps of the region. Two (39_ visits to the mountain followed. Then,on 8 June 1924. (40)_ his third attempt to reach the summit, Mallory and his partner, Andrew Irvine, disappeared.Several expeditions subsequently attempted to find the pair, and Mallory's (41)_ was finally discovered in May, 1999, at 8,169 metres, 600 metres (42)_ the summit, (43) _ withvarious items of equipment, including handwritten letters to his wife, a pocket knife, an oxygen bottle and his goggles, (44)_ were later donated to the Royal Geographical Society( 45 )_ Mallory's family.There is still considerable debate as to (46)_ Mallory reached Everest' s summit. The (47)_ that his goggles were found in his pocket has led some to suggest that he was on his way downthe mountain (48)_ he fell. Had he been ascending in daylight, he would have been wearing the goggles to (49)_ snow-blindness, and given what is known of the pair's climbing schedule, if it were (50)_ when they fell, they must have been on their way back down.1 填空题 参考解析：it 【精析】本句意为“人们开始认识到珠穆朗玛峰是地球上最高的山峰。”此空所填单词应是作为形式主语的“it”，指代“that Mount Everest was the highest mountain on earth”。参考译文1852年，人们首次认识到珠穆朗玛峰是地球上最高的山峰。l953年，埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺尔盖最终到达了它的峰项。在此期间，珠穆朗玛峰成为了每一个登山家的梦想，他们都想成为第一个站在世界的最高峰的人。乔治·马洛里就是最顽强的一位早期参与者。在温彻斯特学院学习期间，马洛里开始接触攀登。学业完成后，他在切特豪斯学校谋到了一份教师职位，并在业余时间继续追求他的攀登梦想。1921年，马洛里首次攀登珠峰，这是一次侦察性尝试，目的是绘制出该地区的第一张精确地图。之后，马洛里又尝试了两次。接着，l924年6月8日，他第三次尝试登顶，但是他和安德鲁·欧文(马洛里的登山伙伴)一起消失了。之后，人们进行了数次搜救，试图找到他们俩。1999年5月，人们终于在8169米处，即距山顶600米的地方，发现马洛里的尸体和他们的各种设备，还包括他写给妻子的信，一把小刀，一个氧气瓶和护目镜。后来，这些物品由马洛里的家人捐献给了皇家地理学会。马洛里是否到达了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，仍然有很大的争议。他的护目镜是装在口袋里的，这一点使一些人认为，他是在下山的途中跌倒的。如果他是在白天登顶的话，他会一直戴着护目镜以防止出现雪盲。另外，根据对他们登山计划的了解，如果他们是在晚上跌倒的，那么一定是在下山的途中。2 填空题参考解析：highest 【精析】本句意为“珠穆朗玛峰成为了每一个登山家的梦想，他们都想成为站在上面的第一人。”由上文可知“珠穆朗玛峰是地球上最高的山峰”，所以此空应填“highest”。3 填空题参考解析：to 【精析】本句意为“马洛里开始接触攀登”。“introduce sthto sb”是固定短语，意为“向某人介绍某物”，所以此空应填“to”。4 填空题参考解析：Having 【精析】本句意为“完成学业后，马洛里在切特豪斯学校谋到了一份教师职业”。根据语法分析，前一部分是分词短语充当时间状语。由于“have completed”与逻辑主语“he”之间是主动关系，所以此空应填“Having”。5 填空题参考解析：as 【精析】本句意为“他谋到了一份教师职业”。“a career”和“a teacher”之间是解释说明的关系，所以此空应填“as”。6 填空题参考解析：for 【精析】本句意为“并在业余时间继续追求他攀登的梦想”。“passion for”是固定短语，意为“对的强烈爱好”，所以此空应填“for”。7 填空题参考解析：first 【精析】本句意为“1921年，马洛里首次攀登珠峰”，所以此空应填“first”。8 填空题参考解析：thatwhich 【精析】本句意为“这是一次侦察性尝试，目的是绘制出该地区的第一张精确地图。”根据前后句的意思，可知：“aimed to produce the first accurate maps of the region”是修饰“a reconnaissance mission”的定语从句。此空所填词语应是定语从句的引导词“that”。另外，此空也可以填“which”。9 填空题参考解析：more 【精析】本句意为“之后，马洛里又尝试了两次。”“数词+more”表示“又再”，所以此空应填“more”。10 填空题参考解析：during 【精析】本句意为“在他第三次尝试登顶”，此空应填“during”，强调动作的连续性，表示“整个过程中”。11 填空题参考解析：body 【精析】本句意为“1999年5月，人们发现马洛里的尸体”，所以此空应填“body”。12 填空题参考解析：from 【精析】本句意为“距山顶600米的地方”，所以此空应填“from”。13 填空题参考解析：along 【精析】本句意为“和他们的各种设备，包括”。“along with”是固定短语，所以此空应填“along”。14 填空题参考解析：which 【精析】本句意为“信件，一把小刀，一个氧气瓶和他的护目镜，这些物品后来由马洛里的家人捐献给了皇家地理学会。”根据上下文语意，“were later donated to the Royal Geographical Society”是非限制性定语从句，所以此空应填“which”。15 填空题参考解析：by 【精析】本句翻译见44题。此空所填词语是表示动作“donated”的发出者“Mallorys family”，根据被动结构此空应填“by”。16 填空题参考解析：whether 【精析】本句意为“马洛里是否到达珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，仍然有很大的争议。”争议说明问题具有不确定性，所以此空应填“whether”。17 填空题参考解析：fact 【精析】本句意为“这一点使得一些人认为，他是在下山的途中跌倒的。”根据上下文语意，“that his goggles were found in his pocket has led some to suggest that”是同位语从句，此空应填同位语从句的先  行词“fact”。18 填空题参考解析：when  【精析】本句意为“他是在下山的途中跌倒的。”所填的词语和“he fell”应构成时间状语从句，所以此空应填“when”。19 填空题参考解析：avoid  【精析】本句意为“他会一直戴着护目镜以防止出现雪盲。”根据句意，此空应填“avoid”。20 填空题参考解析：night【精析】本句意为“如果他们是在晚上跌倒的，那么一定是在下山的途中。”根据语法分析，所填词语应是前文的宾语，又是后接句子的修饰对象。根据上下文意思，应填“night”。材料题根据以下材料，回答21-21题Text 1Officials in Tampa Florida. got a surprise recently when a local firm building the state's first ethanol * -production factory put in a request for 400,000 gallons a day of city water. The request by US Envirofuels would make the facility one of the city's top ten water consumers overnight, and the companyplans to double its size. Florida is suffering from a prolonged drought. Rivers and lakes are at record lows and residents wonder where the extra water will come from.They are not alone. A backlash against the federally financed biofuels boom is growing around the country, and "water could be the Achilles heel" of ethanol, said a report by the Minneapolis-based Institute for. Agriculture and Trade Policy.The number of ethanol factories has almost tripled in the past eight years from 50 to about 140.A further 60 or so are under construction. In 2007, President George Bush signed legislation requiringa fivefold increase in biofuels production, to 36 billion gallons by 2022.This is controversial for several reasons. There are doubts about how green ethanol really is(some say the production process uses almost as much energy as it produces). Some argue that usingfarmland for ethanol pushes up food prices internationally (world wheat prices rose 25% recently, perhaps as a side-effect of America's ethanol programme). But one of the least-known but biggest worries is ethanol's extravagant use of water.A typical ethanol factory producing 50m gallons of biofuels a year needs about 500 gallons of water a minute. Most of that goes into the boiling and cooling process, which is similar to making beer.Some water is lost through evaporation in the cooling tower and in waste discharge. All this is putting a heavy burden on aquifers in some corn-growing areas.Residents went to court in Missouri to halt a $165m facility being built by Gulfstream Bioflex Energy LLC which was projected to draw 1.3m gallons of water every day from the Ozark aquifer. Projectsare being challenged in Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and in central Illinois, where eight ethanol facilities are situated over the Mahomet aquifer: Demand for corn is such that more land is alsobeing ploughed up in drier regions of the Great Plains states to the west of the corn belt, where irrigation is required, increasing water demand further.The good news is that ethanol plants are becoming more efficient. They now use about half as much water per gallon of ethanol as they did a decade ago. New technology might be able to halvethe amount of water again, says Mike Fatigati, vice president of Delta-T Corp, a Virginia company which has designed a system that does not discharge any waste water. But others are sceptical." There are things you can close loop (i.e. recycle efficiently) and things youcan't," says Paul Greene, a senior director for biofuels with Siemens Water Technologies, designers of the water-purification technology used in ethanol factories. Perhaps ethanol just isn't as bio-friendly as it looks.* ethanol = alcohol fuel21 单选题 US Envirofuels A. is a local company which plans to double its size.B. is one of Tampa's top ten water consumers.C. is responsible for Tampa's water shortage.D. is going to become the largest fuel supplier in Tampa.正确答案：A参考解析：A【精析】细节题。题目问的是“美国环境能源公司 ?”。由文章第一段第二句“and the company plans to double its size”可知：该公司计划将其产能规模翻倍，这与A项内容相符。由第一段第一、二句“put in a request for 400，000 9allons a day of city waterThe request by US Envirofuels would make the facility one of the citys top ten water consumers overnight”可知：该厂家只是提出用水要求，尚未成为十大用水大户之一，这与B项内容不符。此外，由第一段第三句“Florida is suffering from a prolonged drought”可知：坦帕市缺水与气候有关，这与C项内容不符。由第一段第一句“when a local firm building the states first ethanol production factory”可知：该公司是该州的首个乙醇燃料生产厂，并非最大的能源供应商，这与D项内容不符。故选A。参考译文佛罗里迭州坦帕市的官员们最近不大不小吃了一惊：一家当地企业要求该市每天向他们供水四十万加仑。这家企业正在兴建佛罗里达州第一家乙醇燃料工厂。美国“环境能源公司”所提出的用水要求将使其一夜间成为当地十大用水大户之一，而且，该公司计划将其产能规模翻倍。佛罗里达州正经历史上最长时间的干旱期。河流和湖泊的蓄水量都处于历史最低点，居民们不知道那些超出的用水量该如何解决。坦帕市的情况并不是唯一案例。针对各地的联邦政府所资助的生物燃料热潮，全国各地反对之声不断。位于明尼阿波利斯的农业与贸易政策中心的报告说：水可能是乙醇燃料的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。在过去8年间，乙醇燃料工厂的数量几乎增加到了三倍，由50家增至约l40家。还有60家左右正在兴建中。2007年，布什总统签署法案，要求生物燃料的生产再增加五倍，到2022年要达到360亿加仑。这一点是有争议的，原因有好几个方面。对于乙醇燃料能否算作绿色能源，人们仍心存疑虑(有人说乙醇所产生的能量和其生产过程中所消耗的能量几乎一样多)。也有一些人认为，利用农田作物来提炼乙醇会推高全球食品的价格。(最近，小麦价格就上涨了25，这也许是美国乙醇燃料计划所带来的负面效应)。但其中一个人们最不了解的，也是最大的担忧就是乙醇生产所需要的大量用水。一个每年生产5千万加仑生物燃料的典型性乙醇工厂每分钟需要约500加仑的水。大部分的水被用于蒸馏和冷却，这一过程与啤酒制造相仿。冷却塔的蒸发和废水排放也会损失一部分水。所有这一切都会给谷物种植区带来沉重的用水负担。密苏里州的居民已经通过法庭，要求停止湾流生物能源公司正在兴建的价值l65亿美元的工程。据估计，该厂每天会从奥索卡含水层抽取 130万加仑的水。此类项目在明尼苏达州，爱荷华州，内布拉斯加州，堪萨斯州和伊利诺伊州中部都遭到了反对。这些地区共有8家乙醇企业坐落于穆罕默德含水层之上。生产乙醇扩大了对玉米的需求，这就要在从“大平原州”到玉米种植带以西的干旱区域内开垦出更多的土地，其灌溉也进一步增加了用水需求。有一个好消息是，乙醇工厂正在提高效能。现在，他们生产每加仑乙醇所用的水是十年前的一半左右。迈克·法提盖提谈到：新技术还可能会再减少一半的用水量。迈克是一位位于弗吉尼亚州的DeltaT公司的副总裁。该公司还设计了一个不排放任何废水的系统。但也有人对此表示怀疑。西门子水源科技公司是乙醇工厂所采用的水净化技术的设计者，该公司资深生物燃料专员鲍尔·格林就说：有的问题好处理(如有效地循环使用)，有的不行。或许乙醇并不像看起来的那样环保。22 单选题 What does the word "backlash" ( line 1, para. 2) mean?A. A quick backward movement.     B. A strong backup action.C. A powerful counterattack.       D. A strong negative reaction.正确答案：C参考解析：C 【精析】释义题。题目问的是“backlash是什么意思?”。“backlash”表示“对某事激烈的、诉诸暴力的反应”，这与C项内容相符。此外，第二段第二句中“A backlash against the federally financed biofuels boom is growing around the country，”的“against”也是解题的关键字眼。故选C。23 单选题 What have most people failed to realize about biofuels?A. The huge consumption of wheat.   B. The huge consumption of water.C. The amount of waste discharged.   D. The amount of energy consumed.正确答案：B参考解析：B【精析】细节题。题目问的是“大多数人不了解生物燃料的什么方面?”。由文章第四段最后一句“But one of the leastknown but biggest worries is ethanols extravagant use of water”可知：人们没有意识到生产乙醇燃料的用水量，这与B项内容相符。故选B。24 单选题 Which of the following statements is true?A.A biofuel factory in Missouri was demanded to reduce its water use.B. A big biofuel factory is under construction in Missouri.C. The ethanol plants face the challenge of farmland shortage.D. The ethanol plants are challenged to move to other regions.正确答案：B参考解析：B【精析】细节题。题目问的是“下面哪一句说法是正确的?”。由文章第六段第一句“Residents went to court in Missouri to halt a $165m facility being built”可知：密苏里州的居民已经走上法庭，要求停止项目的建设，这与A项内容相悖。另外，由该段第二句“Projects are being challenged in”可知：项目在这几个区域都遭到了反对，这与D项内容不符。C项在文章没有提及。故选 B。25 单选题 What is the author's attitude towards biofuels?A. Optimistic.  B. Neutral.     C. Encouraging.   D. Doubtful.正确答案：D参考解析：D【精析】态度题。题目问的是“作者对生物燃料的态度是怎样的?”。由文章最后一句话“Perhaps ethanol just isnt as bi0friendly as it looks”可知：作者认为或许乙醇并不像看起来那样环保。其中“Perhaps,较明确地反应了作者的态度。另外，通篇都在讲生产乙醇燃料耗费大量的水和能源。由此，可以判断作者对生物燃料的态度是怀疑。故选D。材料题根据以下材料，回答26-26题Text 2In popular discussions of emissions-rights trading systems, it is common to mistake the smoke stacks for the trees. For example, the wealthy oil enclave of Abu Dhabi brags that it has planted more than 130 million trees-each of which does its duty in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, this artificial forest in the desert also consumes huge quantities of irrigation water produced, or recycled,from expensive desalination plants. The trees may allow its leaders to wear a halo at international meetings, but the rode fact is that they are an energy-intensive beauty strip, like most of so-calledgreen capitalism. And, while we're at it, let's just ask: What if the buying and selling of carbon credits and pollution offsets fails to reduce global warming? What exactly will motivate governmentsand global industries then to join hands in a crusade to reduce emissions through regulation and taxation?Kyoto-type climate diplomacy assumes that all the major actors will recognize an overriding common interest in gaining harness over the runaway greenhouse effect. But global warming is not War of theWorlds, where invading Martians are dedicated to annihilating all of humanity without distinction. Climate change, instead, will initially produce dramatically unequal impacts across regions and socialclasses. It will reinforce, not diminish, geopolitical inequality and conflict.As the UNDP emphasized in its report last year, global warming is above all a threat to the poor and the unborn, the "two parties with little or no political voice". Coordinated global action on theirbehalf thus presupposes either their revolutionary empowerment or the transformation of the self-interest ofrich countries and classes into an enlightened "solidarity" without precedent in history. From a rational perspective, the latter outcome only seems realistic if it can be shown that privilegedgroups possess no preferential "exit" option, that internationalist public opinion drives policymaking in key countries, and that greenhouse gas reduction could be achieved without major sacrificesin upscale Northern Hemispheric standards of living-none of which seems highly likely.And what if growing environmental and social turbulence, instead of stimulating heroic innovation and international cooperation, simply drives elite publics into even more frenzied attempts to allthemselves off from the rest of humanity? Global intervention, in this unexplored but not improbable scenario, would be silently abandoned (as, to some extent, it already has been) in favorof accelerated investment in selective adaptation for Earth's first-class passengers. We're talking here of the prospect of creating green and gated oases of permanent affluence on an otherwise stricken planet.Of course, there will still be treaties, carbon credits, famine relief, humanitarian acrobatics, and perhaps, the full-scale conversion of some European cities and small countries to alternative energy. But the shift to low-, or zero-emission lifestyles would be almost unimaginably expensive. And this will certainly become even more unimaginable after perhaps 2030, when the combined impacts of climate change, peak oil, peakwater, and an additional 1.5 billion people on the planet may begin to seriously threaten growth.26 单选题 The author gives the example of Abu Dhabi in order to illustrate that A.artificial forests can be a solution to environmental problems.B. what Abu Dhabi has done has won international recognition.C.planting trees in huge-numbers is harmful to desert environment.D. environmentally-friendly attempts may damage the environment.正确答案：D参考解析：D【精析】推断题。题目问的是“作者举Abu Dhabi的例子的目的