2021届乐清市虹桥镇第二中学高三英语期末考试试题及答案解析.pdf

2021 届乐清市虹桥镇第二中学高三英语期末考试试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A I started working with my hands at a young age.The youngest of five brothers,I took on the role as a“maintenance(维修)man”at an early age for our familys small grocery store.Often my dad wouldnt give me a clear idea of how something shouldbe done,so I just had to figure it out by researching or through trial and error.Fast forward to 2016 and those problem-solving skills would become the focus of Tippecanoe High Schools Homebuilding class.I knew I wanted to teach the students skills that went beyond just being able to hammer nails or cut pieces of two-by-fours.The problem was that we didnt have the resources at the time to do much else.The idea of attracting some type of funding seemed very important.Designing,building and selling a tiny house on wheels seemed like the perfect project to accomplishthe task.I reached out to a number of local businesses and most of them responded with the greatest support for what x k w we were doing.This year we added a new element to the program.Through one of our partners,we were able to connect with the nonprofit Veterans Ananda Incorporated.Students in the Homebuilding class are leading the design and production of micro houses to be donated to this organization.The new partnership gives the students another focus to consider when designing and building the houses.There has been no shortage of students since our first year.Three years ago we had 41 students,the next 191,and this year it was limited to just over 160 students so we could have a safe and manageable classroom environment.The number of girls taking the class has risen steadily over the last few years as well.This class offers something for everyone and the skills are universal.1.How can we describe the young author?A.He opened a small grocery store.B.He did a lot of research in the lab.C.He enjoyed doing hands-on activities.D.He learnt about maintenance from his father.2.What do the underlined words“the task”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Getting some financial support.B.Selling a tiny house on wheels.C.Reaching out to many local businesses.D.Offering the students some problem-solving skills.3.What can be inferred about the Homebuilding class from the last paragraph?A.Its size needs increasing.B.Itis popular with the students.C.It has caused some safety concerns.D.Its classroom environment is hard to manage.B Every day,millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force,searching wildly for the perfect gift.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts,most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year,including weddings,birthdays,anniversaries,and graduations.This frequent experience of gift-giving cancause uncertain feelings in gift-givers.Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds,while many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients(接受者).Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process,serving various political,religious,and psychological functions.Economists,however,offer a less favorable view.According to Waldfogel,gift-giving represents an objective wasteof resources.People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own,or at least not spend as much money to purchase(a phenomenon referred to asthe deadweight loss of Christmas”).What is surprising is that gift-givers have much experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients,but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift.In the present research,we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem gift-givers link how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift.Though it seems natural to gift-givers,such an assumption may be unfounded.Indeed,we propose that gift-recipients will be less likely to base their feelings of appreciation on the value of a gift than givers assume.Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients feelings of appreciation?Perhaps givers believe that more expensive gifts communicate a stronger sense ofthoughtfulness and consideration.According to Camerer and others,gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual(习俗),by which gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes towards the recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a futurerelationship.In this sense,gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a“stronger signal”.As for gift-recipients,they may not interpret smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.The idea of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other partys viewpoint seems confusing because people slip in and out of these roles every day.Yet,despite the experience as both givers and receivers,people often struggle to apply information gained from one role in another.In theoretical terms,people fail to use information about their own preferences and experiences to produce more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations.In practical terms,people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts,but somehow never learn to estimate their gift expense according to personal insight.4.The author uses“the deadweight loss of Christmas”in Paragraph 2 to express _.A.gift-givers dont spend much money during holidays B.gift-givers dont ask recipients what gifts they prefer C.gift-givers buy improper and expensive gifts D.gift-givers have difficulty in choosing gifts 5.According to the passage,people buy gifts to _.A.receive gifts in return B.enjoy the feeling of shopping C.help recipients to save money D.better relationships with recipients 6.What can we learn from the passage?A.Peoples high living standards require expensive gifts.B.Gift-givers buy gifts based on their experiences as recipients.C.Anthropologists think gift-giving meets different human needs.D.Recipients judge the depth of friendship according to the gift price.7.Why did the author write this article?A.To criticize peoples gift-buying habits.B.To analyze peoples gift-giving behaviors.C.To offer advice on how to improve relationships.D.To remind people not to overlook others preferences.C In Japan many workers for large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment.They will not be laid off during recessions or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots.To some observers,this is capitalism at its best,because workers are treated as people not things.Others see it as necessarily inefficient and believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works.In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job.The lifetime employment system includes only“regular employees.”Many employees do not fall into this category,including all women.All businesses have many part time and temporary employees.These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are.These“irregular workers”make up about 10 percent of the nonagricultural work force.Additionally,Japanese firms maintain some flexibility through the extensive use of subcontractors.This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased markedly in Japan since the 1974-1975 recession.All this leads some people to argue that the Japanese system really is not all that different from the American system.During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors.In the United States,corporations lay off those workers with the least working experience.The difference then is probably less than the term“lifetime employment”suggests,but there still is a difference.And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society.The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual terms.Firms hold on to the employees and that employees stay with one firm.There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job.Most retirement benefits come from the employer.Changing jobs means losing these benefits.Also,teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production.Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily,lower productivity and lower pay.8.According to the passage,a woman in Japan _.A.cannot get a lifetime job B.is impossible to get a part time job C.will be employed for life D.is among the regular workers 9.Which of the following is NOT the reason why Japanese workers stay with one firm?A.They dont want to lose their retirement benefits.B.They are not adaptable people.C.Any change of jobs will make them less paid.D.They get used to the teamwork.10.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A.those who want to change jobs frequently in Japan should think twice B.those who are first laid off by American corporations are temporary workers C.the use of subcontractors makes Japanese firms less flexible D.the Japanese system is totally different from the American system 11.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The extremely hard situation during recessions.B.The extensive use of subcontractors in Japan.C.The characteristics of corporations in the United States.D.The features of lifetime employment in Japan.D It might have been Jimmy Kimmel,or any other sharp-tongued talk show hosts of late-night TV.In this instance,it was Samantha Bee,stating her opposition to childhood vaccinations humorously.“Who are you going to believe?”she asked.“Leading authorities on medical science,or 800 comments on your cousins Facebook page?”Joking about science can have serious effects,according to studies by communication scholars.Accordingly,since 2013,Paul,a psychological professor,has conducted studies of how satire(讥讽)can influence peoples beliefs about science,which have shown that if you want to interest people in science and shape their views on hot-button science issues,satirical humor can work better.Many Americans pay little attention to science.Even people who regularly watch TV news receive only scraps of science information in their media diet,because mainstream media outlets devote so little airtime to the subject.On top of that,some Americans may regard science as inaccessible.Yet satirical humor can reach viewers who would never watch NOVA or read well,National Geographic.Millions of people watch late-night television programs live,and videos of these shows get millions of views on streaming services.In 2016,a vote conducted by the University of Delaware Center indicated that nearly one in 10 said they learned about science from late-night television shows.Late-night hosts may occasionally poke fun at scientists.More often,however,the hosts promote a positive image of science.By making science entertaining to audience with little knowledge of the topic,late-night television could spark science engagement.Furthermore,the researchers concluded that satirical shows had the biggest impact among the least educated viewers,thus helping to narrow a gap in attention to science.Though late-night satirical humor can boost science interest and awareness,it has its limits.Science is complex,and conveying that complexity in a few minutes while telling jokes can be a challenge.12.What does Pauls studies of joking about science indicate?A.It may do serious damage to science.B.It can effectively popularize science.C.It totally changes peoples attitude to science.D.It will shift peoples attention from entertainment to science.13.Why do TV watchers receive a little science information?A.Because they enjoy watching entertainments.B.Because science is not easy to come up with.C.Because they find no interest in science issues.D.Because science is scarcely seen on mainstream media.14.What do we know about the late-night shows involving science?A.The hosts get used to playing tricks on scientists.B.The hosts aim is to build a positive image of science.C.Education gap can be bridged through late-night shows.D.Science participation can be promoted among their viewers.15.Whats the authors attitude towards combining science with satire?A.Critical.B.Objective.C.Positive.D.Negative.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Learn to Cite Sources(引用资料)During your university education,youll be exposed to ideas and scientific theories of scholars and scientists.Unavoidably,your own ideas will be shaped by the ideas you come across._16_That means youshould go beyond what you learn in your textbooks or in the library.Your original work is the basis for your professors evaluation of your performance.Thus,academic honesty is fundamental in your university education.It demands that you cite the source materials you base your own work on._17_ Correctly citing your sources helps you distinguish your own ideas from those of other scholars.On the readers side,it permits a reader to determine the depth of your research._18_On the contrary,lack of citing will only raise your readers doubt.So you need to learn when to cite and how to provide an adequate or accurate reference list.If you fail to cite your sources,whether deliberately or carelessly,you will be found responsible for plagiarism(抄袭)._19_If you are not sure,ask your professor for guidance before submitting the paper or report.Keep in mind this general rule:when in doubt,cite!_20_For example,students from East Asia may think that copying directly from sources is the proper way to do research.Students in France,preparing for the final examination,may be encouraged to memorize whole passages and copy them into papers.Those cultural differences can lead to false assumptions about academic expectations in the country you study in.A.Some university students may cheat in different ways.B.These include other scholars ideas,figures,graphs and so on.C.The academic challenge you face is to make something original.D.Often,students want to use others opinions to support their own essays.E.It also allows a reader to appreciate your original contribution to the research.F.For international students,it is important to know local academic expectations.G.Not knowing academic regulations is an unacceptable excuse for such behavior.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Last July 4th,three police officers went into a supermarket to get something cold to drink.Once inside,the cops were_21_by a store security guard who asked for_22_with a suspected thief.The woman in question didnt have the look ofan_23_criminal.She was obviously scared,and he