2023年天津同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试考前冲刺卷（7）.docx

2023年天津同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试考前冲刺卷（7）本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共47题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服) it. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of "come here, sit," it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack (群) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner_.Acan give the dog more rewardsBwill enjoy a better family lifeCcan give the dog more freedomDwill have more confidence in himself 2.Priscilla Ouchidas "energy-efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three-bed- room home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned (双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscillas eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness. Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting. The Ouehidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nations drive to save energy. The problem itself isnt new. "The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along," says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. "Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases. " The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didnt worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels.This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “_”.AEnergy ConservationBHouse Building CrisisCAir Pollution IndoorsDTraps in Building Construction 3.Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But thats not what I did. I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts (文科) university that doesnt even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who werent studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me l was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didnt care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist (人文学者) all in one. Now Im not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college. The reality that has blocked my path to becoming the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.In the first sentence of the last paragraph, the word "block" can be best replaced with_.ApreventBbackCmisleadDavoid 4.In Zurich, a leading canton in the Swiss Confederation, it has been proposed to teach one foreign languageEnglishin primary schools. This would represent a change (61) Zurichs elementary school kids now study English and French. Voters will decide whether French will be (62) . Some educators (63) that two foreign languages are too much for kids. Supporters of one foreign language believe that kids fail to reach strong (64) in German, the mother tongue for schoolchildren in Zurich. In fact, Zurich kids speak Swiss German, which is (65) an oral language. In school they have to learn standard German, which (66) is a foreign language. (67) you add them all together Zurich kids are learning four languages. All of Switzerland will watch what Zurich voters decide because Zurich is an influential canton and others may (68) . Yet some German-speaking cantons have already decided to (69) plans to reduce the number of foreign languages. (70) what happens, Swiss kids will be fluent in more than one language which is a definite asset in todays (71) economy. It is also a definite asset in learning other subjects. Studies (72) in American universities have found that kids who study in dual-lan- guage schools outperform their (73) who are taught in English only. Apparently, kids educated in two languages develop a mental (74) that monolingual kids lack. Perhaps four languages are too many in elementary school, but two is not (75) at all.Ain some waysBby no meansCat any rateDas a result 5.Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury. Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength. Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to he caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed. Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurricane will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the stoma. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.In the first sentence of the last paragraph, the word "issue" can be best replaced with_.AlaunchBstartCimplementDsend 6.In Zurich, a leading canton in the Swiss Confederation, it has been proposed to teach one foreign languageEnglishin primary schools. This would represent a change (61) Zurichs elementary school kids now study English and French. Voters will decide whether French will be (62) . Some educators (63) that two foreign languages are too much for kids. Supporters of one foreign language believe that kids fail to reach strong (64) in German, the mother tongue for schoolchildren in Zurich. In fact, Zurich kids speak Swiss German, which is (65) an oral language. In school they have to learn standard German, which (66) is a foreign language. (67) you add them all together Zurich kids are learning four languages. All of Switzerland will watch what Zurich voters decide because Zurich is an influential canton and others may (68) . Yet some German-speaking cantons have already decided to (69) plans to reduce the number of foreign languages. (70) what happens, Swiss kids will be fluent in more than one language which is a definite asset in todays (71) economy. It is also a definite asset in learning other subjects. Studies (72) in American universities have found that kids who study in dual-lan- guage schools outperform their (73) who are taught in English only. Apparently, kids educated in two languages develop a mental (74) that monolingual kids lack. Perhaps four languages are too many in elementary school, but two is not (75) at all.AThereforeBWhenCUnlessDYet 7.Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服) it. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of "come here, sit," it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack (群) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.The best title for this article is_.AProper Training Makes a DogBImportance of Training to DogCHow to Train a DogDWhy Is Dog so Obedient 8.In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled (回收利用) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second lifeand until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.In the last sentence of the last paragraph, the word "stimulate" can be best replaced by_.AboostBencourageCpushDhelp 9.Priscilla Ouchidas "energy-efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000