2023年陕西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（5）.docx

2023年陕西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Passage 2Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.AWhen we are tired.BWhen we have a balanced diet.CWhen we can relax.DWhen we do regular exercise. 2.Passage 1Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.AA change in the status of educated people.BA change in the nature of reading.CAn increase in the number of books.DAn increase in the average age of readers. 3.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.ACave building technique.BLanguage and art.CIce Age dancing.DHeating system. 4.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.AHe is seriously ill and still in hospital.BMary will do his work instead.CMorrison is his doctor.DHe will go to work tomorrow. 5.Passage 3Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.ATeach the students the right way of thinking,BPoint out the students mistakes and correct them.CGive the students correct answers and let them work on their own.DDo some routine work. 6.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage yon have just heard.AWith his grandparents.BIn student housing.CWith his wifes parents.DIn his own apartment. 7.Passage 2Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.AGoing to bed earlier.BWorking even harder,CReading more books.DFinding its cause. 8.Passage 1Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.AThe importance of silent reading.BThe information yielded by books and newspapers.CThe effects of healthy reading.DThe value of different types of reading materials. 9.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.AThey lived in large groups.BThey used sand as insulation.CThey kept fires burning constantly.DThey faced their homes toward the south. 10.Geniuses In 1905, Albert Einstein developed the theory of special relativity. He also proved that atoms exist and figured out that light behaves as both a particle and a wave. To top it all off, he developed his famous equation E=mcc, which describes the relationship between matter and energy, the same year. He was only 26 years old. Without a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton-as any fan of "Star Trek". The Next Generation can say he invented physics. He also played a big role in the development of calculus, which some people have trouble comprehending even after extensive classroom study. Another genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, started composing music when he was 5 years old. Mozart wrote hundreds of pieces before his death in 1760 at age 35. According to conventional wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people, In addition, many people think that all that extra brainpower leads to eccentric or quirky behavior. And although geniuses are fairly easy to spot, defining exactly what makes one person a genius is a little trickier. Figuring out how that person became a genius is harder still. There are two big things that make it difficult to study genius: The genius label is subjective. Some people insist that anyone with an intelligence quotient (IQ) higher than a certain value is a genius. Others feel that IQ tests measure only a limited part of a persons total intelligence. Some believe high test scores have little to do with real genius. Genius is a big-picture concept. Most scientific and medical inquiries, on the other band, examine de tails. A concept as subjective as genius isnt easy to quantify, analyze or study. So, when exploring how geniuses work, its a good idea to start by defining precisely what a genius is. For the purpose of this article, a genius isnt simply someone with an exceptionally high IQ. Instead, a genius is an extraordinarily intelligent person who breaks new ground with discoveries, inventions or works of art. Usually, a genius work changes the way people view the world or the field in which the work took place. In other words, a genius must be both intelligent and able to use that intelligence in a productive or impressive way.Genius and the Brain The brain regulates the bodys organ systems. When a person moves around, it sends impulses along the nerves and tells the muscles what to do. The brain controls the senses of smell, taste, touch, sight and hearing, and the person experiences and processes emotions using his brain, On top of all that, the brain allows people to think, analyze information and solve problems. But how does it make someone smart Scientists havent figured out exactly how all the gray matter in the brain works, but they do have an idea of which part lets people think. The cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), which is the outermost part of the brain, is where thought and reasoning happen. These are the brains higher function- the lower functions, which relate to basic survival, take place deeper in the brain. The cerebral cortex is the largest part of the brain, and its full of wrinkles and folds that allow it to fit in the skull. If an adult humans cerebral cortex is removed and stretched out, it would be about as large as a few pages of a newspaper. Its divided into several lobes(裂片), and different regions within these lobes handle specific tasks related to how people think. In spite of all those challenges to see the brain inside and how it works, researchers have figured out a few things about how the brain affects intelligence. A 2004 study at the University of California, Irvine found that the volume of gray matter in parts of the cerebral cortex had a greater impact on intelligence than the brains total volume. The findings suggest that the physical attributes of many parts of the brain-rather than a centralized "intelligence center" -determine how smart a person is.Genius and Intelligence Like genius, intelligence can be difficult to quantify. Psychologists and neuroscientists study intelligence extensively. An entire field of study, known as psychometrics, is devoted to studying and measuring intelligence. But even within that field, experts dont always agree on exactly what it is or how best to analyze it. And while intelligence is central to genius, not all geniuses score well on intelligence tests or perform well in school. Intelligence testing has existed for thousands of years. The tests we know as IQ tests got their start near the end of the 19th century. Today, IQ tests generally measure a persons memory as well as language, spatial and mathematical abilities. IQ tests are also standardized so that most people score between 90 and 110. When placed on a graph, the IQ test scores of a large group of people will generally resemble a belAPeople who has a higher IQ is a genius.BIQ test measures a limited part of a persons intelligence.CHigh test scores have little to do with real genius.DThere is still a controversy on whether IQ test can tell all about the genius. 11.Passage 3Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.AAllow children to learn from each other.BPoint out childrens mistakes whenever found.CCorrect the childrens mistakes as soon as possible.DGive children more book knowledge. 12.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage yon have just heard.AShe isnt there in the morning.BHer assistant isnt there in the morning.CShe wont have the forms he needs until the afternoon.DShe isnt too busy in the afternoon. 13.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.AShe is expecting her turn.BShe has found valuable information.CShe needs another week to prepare.DShe has net prepared yet. 14.Passage 1Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.AExplain bow present-day reading habits developed.BChange peoples attitudes to reading.CShow how reading methods have been improved.DEncourage the growth of reading. 15.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.AWrite a paper for him.BLend him her magazine when shes done with it.CCome over to his house after class.DHelp him study for a test. 16.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.AThe A41 at the Dome corner has few cars.BThe A1M near Hatfield, Harrow Road has heavy traffic.CThe A404, Harrow Road is very busy with many cars.DThe A1M is now flowing freely without problems. 17.The number of parents teaching their offspring at home will increase if the current public school system continues to be viewed as an irrelevant institution that can hinder a childs ability to learn. The rise of home-schooling reflects broadening dissatisfaction with formal education in the US. Discontent is high for two reasons. First, public schools are turning out a poor product-illiterate and unprepared graduates. For example, American 13-year-olds have been documented as having math skills that rank below their counterparts in 14 other developed countries. One survey noted that just one-third of high school juniors could place the Civil War in the correct half-century. Equally troubling, public schools have become scenes where drugs are sold, teachers are robbed, and homemade bombs are found in lockers. Compounding the situation, teachers unions, school officials, and many politicians adamantly(坚决地) oppose the use of public monies(钱) for innovative solutions, such as vouchers and charter schools. Those alternatives, although not a panacea(万能) for all the present problems, are at least promising vehicles that could help poor and middle-income parents to find better schools for their children and break up the monopoly of a "one-size-fits-all" philosophy of education. In light of the educational quagmire(沼泽) the US finds itself in, many parents, impatient for reform, are taking matters into their own hands. One alternative that is gaining growing public acceptance is the educational option known as home-schooling. Home-schooling is defined simply as the "education of school-aged children at home rather than at a school". Home-schoolers believe that students who receive instruction simultaneously from the home and the community at large will be more culturally sophisticated than those whose bulk of learning experience is confined to a school. Home-schooling families believe they are using their liberties well and wisely. The American can-do spirit is evident in the home-schools and households parents manage simultaneously. Those families, however, could use some further deregulation, be it through home-school tax credits or a loosening of compulsory attendance school laws, to make their task easier.According to the text, the number of children being schooled at home has increased because _.Achildren dont want to go to schoolBparents are dissatisfied with pubic schoolsChome-schooled children learn betterDpublic schools are too crowded 18.It is pretty hopeless as a venue for opera, it took years to build, its architect was forced to resign and it was never properly finished inside. None of this matters. The Sydney Opera House, by the reclusive Danish architect Jorn Utzon, is the mother and father of all modern landmark buildings. It has come to define not only a city, but an entire nation and continent. Beyond that, it is a global expression of cultural modernity. Everyone in the world with media access knows what the Sydney Opera House looks like. First designed in 1956 and finally declared completed in 1973, the opera house was the single best known modern building in the world until the arrival of Frank Gehrys equally extraordinary Bilbao Guggenheim in 1997. But it will outlive the Guggenheim as an international architectural icon-because it did all the difficult work tint. In the pantheon(万神殿) of classic modern buildings, Utzons creation has the status of myth. The myth states that the unknown architect, then in his thirties, submitted rough sketches to the competition judges, that he ignored most of the rules, that his as only selected after being plucked at the last moment from the rejected pile by one of the judges, and that the design was unbuildable. But Sydney is remarkable for another reason: it is a complete one-off. It does not fit into any stylistic or chronological category. None of Utzons other buildings-churches, government departments, house. looks anything like it, and architects today who try to copy his concept always end up looking very second-rate indeed. It is "modern", certainly, but it is an expressive modernism that was quite at odds with the rectilinear(直线的) "international style" of its time. It has more in common with the work of the American genius Frank Uloyd Wright, for whom Utzon worked briefly. Of course its location is an enormous help, sitting as it does on a promontory with water on three sides and the famous Sydney Harbor Bridge as a picture-postcard backdrop. But Utzon masterly exploited the site as nobody else could. Utzon left Australia in high indignation in 1966, never to return, before he could finish designing the interiors. As with Sir Christopher Wren at St Pauls Cathedral, Utzon was humiliated and removed from overseeing the final stages of his masterwork. But for all his manifold difficulties, which other contemporary architect can claim an equivalent achievement The Sydney Opera House showed us that anything is possible, and it demonstrated that sheer, seductive beauty for its own sake is nothing to be ashamed of.It can be inferred from the passage that _.Athe Danish architect Join Utzon totally failed in his design of Sydney Opera House and was forced to resignBthe Danish architect Jorn Utzon has been made known as the founder of all the modern landmark buildings, in spite of his part failure in his design of Sydney Opera HouseCSydney Opera House is hopelessly ugly and has never been finished insideDSydney Opera House is the single best known modern building in the world up to now 19.Geniuses In 1905, Albert Einstein developed the theory of special relativity. He also proved that atoms exist and figured out that light behaves as both a particle and a wave. To top it all off, he developed his famous equation E=mcc, which describes the relationship between matter and energy, the same year. He was only 26 years old. Without a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton-as any fan of "Star Trek". The Next Generation can say he invented physics. He also played a b