2023年江西大学英语考试模拟卷（8）.docx

2023年江西大学英语考试模拟卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./BADoctors neednt be careful for their patients in serious situations.BThe patients situation is not serious enough for doctors to be careful.CThe best situation is that doctors can pray for the patients.DThe more careful the doctors are, the better. 2.BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./BAThe woman has to agree that the man watches the football game that night.BThe woman successfully persuades the man to clean the house that night.CThe woman doesnt mind the house is in mess at all.DThe woman wants to watch the football game herself. 3.BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./BABoth the man and the woman are in a good living condition.BThe mans living condition is better than the womans.CThe womans living condition is better than the mans.DThe womans living condition is equally miserable as the mans. 4.The Most Important Secret About Trust What Is Trust You know when you have trust; you know when you dont have trust. Yet, what is trust and how is trust usefully defined for the workplace Can you build trust when it doesnt exist How do you maintain and build upon the trust you may currently have in your workplace These are important questions for todays rapidly changing world. Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution of discretionary (自由决定的) energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work. When trust exists in an organization or in a relationship, almost everything is easier to achieve. According to Dr. Duane C. Tway, Jr. in his 1993 dissertation, A Construct of Trust, "There exists today, no practical construct of Trust that allows us to design and implement organizational interventions to significantly increase trust levels between people. We all think we know what Trust is from our own experience, but we dont know much about how to improve it. Why I believe it is because we have been taught to look at Trust as if it were a single entity." The Three Constructs of Trust Tway defines trust as "the state of readiness for unguarded interaction with someone or something". He developed a model of trust that includes three components. He calls trust a construct because it is "constructed" of these three components: the capacity for trusting, the perception of competence, and the perception of intentions. Thinking about trust as made up of the interaction and existence of these three components makes "trust" easier to understand. The capacity for trusting means that your life experiences have developed your current capacity and willingness to risk trusting others. The perception of competence is made up of your perception of your ability and the ability of others with whom you work in your current situation. The perception of intentions, as defined by Tway, is your perception that the actions, words, missions, or decisions are motivated by mutually-serving rather than self-serving motives. Why Trust Is Critical in a Healthy Organization How important is building a trusting work environment According to Tway, people have been interested in trust since Aristotle. Tway states, "Aristotle (384BC-322BC), writing in the Rhetoric, suggested that Ethos, the Trust of a speaker by the listener, was based on the listeners perception of three characteristics of the speaker. Aristotle believed these three characteristics to be the intelligence of the speaker (correctness of opinions, or competence), the character of the speaker (reliabilitya competence factor, and honestmeasure of intentions), and the goodwill of the speaker (favorable intentions toward the listener). I dont think this has changed much even today." Additional research by Tway and others shows that trust is the basis for much of the environment you want to create in your workplace. Trust is the necessary precursor (先兆) for: -feeling able to rely upon a person, -cooperating with and experiencing teamwork with a group, -taking thoughtful risks, and -experiencing believable communication. How to Maintain Trust The best way to maintain a trusting work environment is to keep from injuring trust in the first place. The integrity of the leadership of the organization is critical. The truthfulness and transparency of the communication with staff is also a critical factor. The presence of a strong, unifying mission and vision can also promote a trusting environment. Providing information about the rationale, background, and thought processes behind decisions is also an important aspect of maintaining trust. Another is organizational success; people are more apt to trust their competence, contribution, and direction when part of a successful project or organization. What Injures the Trust Relationship Yet, even in an organization in which trust is a priority, things that can injure trust happen daily. A communication is misunderstood; a customer order is misdirected and no one questions an obvious mistake. The owner of a company that went through a bankruptcy, even though trusted on the "intentions" side of Tways trust model, was severely injured in the eyes of the workforce, in the "perceived competence" aspects of the model. In the first aspect of the construct, the capacity for trust, even when organizations do their best, many people are unwilling to trust because of their life experiences. In many workplaces, people are taught to mistrust as they are repeatedly misinformed and misled. The Critical Role of the Leader or Supervisor in Trust Relationships Simon Fraser University assistant Professor Kurt Dicks studied the impact of trust in college basketball team success. After surveying the players on 30 teams, he determined that players on successful teams were more likely to trust theAYBNCNG 5.Its hardly news that the immigration system is mess. Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers, and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished. But since Sept. 11, it has become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans. In addition to their mastery of forging passports, at least three of the 19 Sept. 11 hijackers (劫机者) were here on expired visas. Thats been a safe bet until now. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) (移民归化局)lacks the resources, and apparently the inclination, to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome. But this laxness(马虎) toward immigration fraud may be about to change. Congress has already taken some modest steps. The U.S.A. Patriot Act, passed in the wake of the Sept. 11 tragedy, requires the FBI, the Justice Department, the State Department and the INS to share more data, which will make it easier to stop watch listed terrorists at the border. But whats really needed, critics say, is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security. Reformers are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement. They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and investigators to keep illegal immigrants out and to track them down once they are here. Reformers also want to see the INS set up a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country when they are required to. All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate last week. Before Sept. 11, legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies: universities, which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law, and business, which relies on foreigners for cheap labor. Since the attacks, theyve backed off. The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year. Also on the agenda for next year: a proposal, backed by some influential law-makers, to split the INS into two agencies-a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections, deportation and other functions. One reason for the division, supporters say, is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants. After the Sept. 11 tragedy, the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nations border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of_.Athe legal privileges granted to foreignersBthe excessive hospitality of the American peopleCthe irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpointsDthe low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service 6.Its hardly news that the immigration system is mess. Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers, and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished. But since Sept. 11, it has become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans. In addition to their mastery of forging passports, at least three of the 19 Sept. 11 hijackers (劫机者) were here on expired visas. Thats been a safe bet until now. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) (移民归化局)lacks the resources, and apparently the inclination, to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome. But this laxness(马虎) toward immigration fraud may be about to change. Congress has already taken some modest steps. The U.S.A. Patriot Act, passed in the wake of the Sept. 11 tragedy, requires the FBI, the Justice Department, the State Department and the INS to share more data, which will make it easier to stop watch listed terrorists at the border. But whats really needed, critics say, is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at tightening up border security. Reformers are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement. They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and investigators to keep illegal immigrants out and to track them down once they are here. Reformers also want to see the INS set up a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country when they are required to. All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate last week. Before Sept. 11, legislation of this kind had been blocked by two powerful lobbies: universities, which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law, and business, which relies on foreigners for cheap labor. Since the attacks, theyve backed off. The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expected to be reintroduced and to pass next year. Also on the agenda for next year: a proposal, backed by some influential law-makers, to split the INS into two agencies-a good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border inspections, deportation and other functions. One reason for the division, supporters say, is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants. After the Sept. 11 tragedy, the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nations border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made by various U.S. government agencies to .Arefuse the renewing of expired visasBward off terrorist suspects at the borderCprevent the forgery of immigration papersDlimit the number of immigrants to the U.S. 7.The Most Important Secret About Trust What Is Trust You know when you have trust; you know when you dont have trust. Yet, what is trust and how is trust usefully defined for the workplace Can you build trust when it doesnt exist How do you maintain and build upon the trust you may currently have in your workplace These are important questions for todays rapidly changing world. Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution of discretionary (自由决定的) energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work. When trust exists in an organization or in a relationship, almost everything is easier to achieve. According to Dr. Duane C. Tway, Jr. in his 1993 dissertation, A Construct of Trust, "There exists today, no practical construct of Trust that allows us to design and implement organizational interventions to significantly increase trust levels between people. We all think we know what Trust is from our own experience, but we dont know much about how to improve it. Why I believe it is because we have been taught to look at Trust as if it were a single entity." The Three Constructs of Trust Tway defines trust as "the state of readiness for unguarded interaction with someone or something". He developed a model of trust that includes three components. He calls trust a construct because it is "constructed" of these three components: the capacity for trusting, the perception of competence, and the perception of intentions. Thinking about trust as made up of the interaction and existence of these three components makes "trust" easier to understand. The capacity for trusting means that your life experiences have developed your current capacity and willingness to risk trusting others. The perception of competence is made up of your perception of your ability and the ability of others with whom you work in your current situation. The perception of intentions, as defined by Tway, is your perception that the actions, words, missions, or decisions are motivated by mutually-serving rather than self-serving motives. Why Trust Is Critical in a Healthy Organization How important is building a trusting work environment According to Tway, people have been interested in trust since Aristotle. Tway states, "Aristotle (384BC-322BC), writing in the Rhetoric, suggested that Ethos, the Trust of a speaker by the listener, was based on the listeners perception of three characteristics of the speaker. Aristotle believed these three characteristics to be the intelligence of the speaker (correctnes