2023年湖北大学英语考试真题卷（1）.docx

2023年湖北大学英语考试真题卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. What do we learn about the mans cello AIt was specially made for him by his uncle.BHe got it from his uncle.CHe has been using it since the age of eight.DA cello maker gave it to him as a present. 2.BSection A/BAMeeting each other at the railway station.BComplaining about the poor service.CDiscussing their plan for New Years Day.DSaying goodbye to each other at the railway station. 3. Passage Two What did Ann Richards do before she worked as the treasurer of Texas ADeputy Secretary.BForeign minister.CCountry commissioner.DState governor. 4.BSection B/BPassage One What do most senior citizens care when they are getting olderAMoney.BSafety.CFamily.DHealth. 5. Passage Three What will the speaker do if someone finds a grammatical mistake in his article AThank the person.BCorrect it happily.CIgnore the mistake.DCancel the publication. 6. How Psychology Can Help the Planet Stay Cool "Im not convinced its as bad as the experts make out. Its everyone elses fault. Even if I turn off my air conditioner, it will make no difference." The list of reasons for not acting to combat global warming goes on and on. This month, American Psychological Association (APA) released a report highlighting these and other psychological barriers standing in the way of action. But dont despair. The report also points to strategies that could be used to convince us to play our part. Sourced from psychological experiments, we review tricks that could be used by companies or organisations to encourage climate-friendly behaviour. In addition, psychologist Mark van Vugt of the Free University of Amsterdam describes the elements of human nature that push us to act unselfishly. Appropriate guides As advertisers of consumer products well know, different groups of people may have quite distinct interests and motivations, and messages that seek to change behaviour need to be tailored to take these into account. "You have to target the marketing to a particular sector of the population," says Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria, another of the reports authors. The wealthy young, for instance, tend to be diet conscious, and this could be used to steer them away from foods like cheeseburgers-one of the most climate-unfriendly meals around because of the energy it takes to raise cattle. So when trying to convince them to give up that carbon-intensive beef pie, better to stress health benefits than the global climate. Though conservative authorities have been known to attack such efforts, characterising them as mind control, experiments indicate that people are willing to be persuaded. "From participants in our experiments, weve never heard a negative feedback," says Wesley Schultz of California State University. In fact, according to John Petersen of Oberlin College, we are used to far worse. "Compared to the overwhelming number of advertising, it seems milder than anything I experience in my daily life," he says. Good neighbours Deep down, most of us want to fit in with the crowd, and psychologists are exploiting this urge to encourage environmentally friendly behaviour. Researchers led by Wesley Schultz at California State University and Jessica Nolan, now at the University of Scranton, have found that people will cut their electricity usage if told that their neighbours use less than they do. In one experiment, the researchers left information with households in San Marcos asking them to use fans rather than air conditioners at night, turn off lights and take shorter showers. Some messages simply stressed energy conservation, some talked about future generations, while others emphasised the financial savings. But it was the flyers(传单) that asked residents to join with their neighbours in saving energy that were most effective in cutting electricity consumption. In another study, the researchers told households what others in their neighbourhood used on average. High users cut their consumption in response, but low users increased theirs. The problem disappeared if the messages were reinforced with sad or smiling faces. The smiles received by the residents who were already saving energy provided sufficient encouragement for them to keep doing so. Information economy Most people seem to conserve energy if provided with real-time feedback on how much they are using. But feedback can be too immediate. For instance, Janet Swim has a General Motors car that shows her mileage(里程) per gallon each time she accelerates. Its just not very useful, she argues, because its hard to place that momentary piece of feedback in the context of her overall driving behaviour and fuel efficiency. In contrast, the Toyota Prius display shows mileage per gallon over 5-minute intervals for the previous halfhour. With that contextual information, people can experiment with different driving styles to see how they affect mileage, and even compete with themselves to improve over time. The 2010 Honda Insight goes one better, flashing up an image of a prize to reward economical driving. The benefits of feedback are not restricted to car gadgets(小装置). Studies show that devices that display domestic energy usage produce savings of between 5 and 12 percent. Here and now People have to be persuaded to act on climate change even though the benefit wont be felt for decades. Research by David Hardisty and Elke Weber of Columbia University suggests ways to achieve this. Hardisty and Weber have found that people respond in e Aencourages drivers to chive economicallyBflashes up an image as a warning signalCshows mileage per gallon every 5 minutesDconserves energy for the drivers 7. Passage Two What do we learn from the words of Bill Clinton AAnn Richards created a world for all the young people.BAnn Richards was the greatest feminist in the US.CAnn Richards helped young girls find their places.DAnn Richards was a kind-hearted person. 8. Passage Three What will the speaker think if several people enjoyed a topic AThe topic is worth discussing again.BThe topic is funny and meaningful.CThe topic needs to be well understood.DThe topic has to be changed. 9.BSection A/BASubmitted his opinion.BRead the suggestions in haste.CFormed a proposal.DCalculated his income tax. 10. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. What is the size of the mans cello when he began to learn AHalf size.BTwo-thirds size.CFull size.DThree-fifths size. 11.BSection B/BPassage One According to the speaker,what kind of communities do senior citizens preferACommunities near their family.BCommunities in big cities.CCommunities in warm climates.DCommunities in the countryside. 12. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. How does the man do with his cello when hes traveling AHe reserves a seat for it.BHe leaves it at home.CHe ships it by express.DHe shares the seat with it. 13.BSection B/BPassage One Why are senior citizens gaining more social influenceAThe number of senior citizens is increasing rapidly.BThe problem of senior citizen becomes more serious.CSenior citizens are less active than before.DMore senior citizens are involved in politics. 14. How Psychology Can Help the Planet Stay Cool "Im not convinced its as bad as the experts make out. Its everyone elses fault. Even if I turn off my air conditioner, it will make no difference." The list of reasons for not acting to combat global warming goes on and on. This month, American Psychological Association (APA) released a report highlighting these and other psychological barriers standing in the way of action. But dont despair. The report also points to strategies that could be used to convince us to play our part. Sourced from psychological experiments, we review tricks that could be used by companies or organisations to encourage climate-friendly behaviour. In addition, psychologist Mark van Vugt of the Free University of Amsterdam describes the elements of human nature that push us to act unselfishly. Appropriate guides As advertisers of consumer products well know, different groups of people may have quite distinct interests and motivations, and messages that seek to change behaviour need to be tailored to take these into account. "You have to target the marketing to a particular sector of the population," says Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria, another of the reports authors. The wealthy young, for instance, tend to be diet conscious, and this could be used to steer them away from foods like cheeseburgers-one of the most climate-unfriendly meals around because of the energy it takes to raise cattle. So when trying to convince them to give up that carbon-intensive beef pie, better to stress health benefits than the global climate. Though conservative authorities have been known to attack such efforts, characterising them as mind control, experiments indicate that people are willing to be persuaded. "From participants in our experiments, weve never heard a negative feedback," says Wesley Schultz of California State University. In fact, according to John Petersen of Oberlin College, we are used to far worse. "Compared to the overwhelming number of advertising, it seems milder than anything I experience in my daily life," he says. Good neighbours Deep down, most of us want to fit in with the crowd, and psychologists are exploiting this urge to encourage environmentally friendly behaviour. Researchers led by Wesley Schultz at California State University and Jessica Nolan, now at the University of Scranton, have found that people will cut their electricity usage if told that their neighbours use less than they do. In one experiment, the researchers left information with households in San Marcos asking them to use fans rather than air conditioners at night, turn off lights and take shorter showers. Some messages simply stressed energy conservation, some talked about future generations, while others emphasised the financial savings. But it was the flyers(传单) that asked residents to join with their neighbours in saving energy that were most effective in cutting electricity consumption. In another study, the researchers told households what others in their neighbourhood used on average. High users cut their consumption in response, but low users increased theirs. The problem disappeared if the messages were reinforced with sad or smiling faces. The smiles received by the residents who were already saving energy provided sufficient encouragement for them to keep doing so. Information economy Most people seem to conserve energy if provided with real-time feedback on how much they are using. But feedback can be too immediate. For instance, Janet Swim has a General Motors car that shows her mileage(里程) per gallon each time she accelerates. Its just not very useful, she argues, because its hard to place that momentary piece of feedback in the context of her overall driving behaviour and fuel efficiency. In contrast, the Toyota Prius display shows mileage per gallon over 5-minute intervals for the previous halfhour. With that contextual information, people can experiment with different driving styles to see how they affect mileage, and even compete with themselves to improve over time. The 2010 Honda Insight goes one better, flashing up an image of a prize to reward economical driving. The benefits of feedback are not restricted to car gadgets(小装置). Studies show that devices that display domestic energy usage produce savings of between 5 and 12 percent. Here and now People have to be persuaded to act on climate change even though the benefit wont be felt for decades. Research by David Hardisty and Elke Weber of Columbia University suggests ways to achieve this. Hardisty and Weber have found that people respond in e Achanging peoples view on climate changeBaltering peoples concept on consumptionCseeking ways to convince people to limit climate changeDincreasing the benefit from acting on climate change 15. Eleven days after her son Benjamins birth by C-section, Linda Coale awoke in the middle of the night in pain, one leg badly swollen. Just U (67) /U her doctor returned her phone call asking what to do,she dropped dead U (68) /U a blood clot (凝块). Pregnancy-related deaths like Coales U (69) /U to have risen nationwide over the past decade, nearly tripling in the state with the most careful count-California. And U (70) /U theyre very rare-about 550 a year out of 4 million births U (71) /U -theyre nowhere near as rare as they should be. Pregnancy-related death rate is four times U (72) /U than a goal the federal government U (73) /U for this year. "Its unacceptable," says Dr. Mark Chassin of The Joint Commission, the agency which recently issued a(n) U (74) /U to hospitals to take steps to U (75) /U mothers-to-be. "Maybe as many as half of these are U (76) /U." Two years after Coales death near Annapolis,Maryland, her sister says U (77) /U that list should be warning women about U (78) /U of an emergency, like the clot called deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that can kill U (79) /U it breaks out of the leg and moves to the lung. " U (80) /U she wanted to do was have her own family, and when she U (81) /U gets that privilege, shes no longer U (82) /U us," says Clare Johnson, who says her the sisters U (83) /U risk was being pregnant at age 35. Pregnancy-related death U (84) /U little public attention in U.S.,U (85) /U last years worry over the flu that killed at least 28 pregnant women. Among the U (86) /U preventable causes are massive bleeding, DVT-caused lung disease and uncontrolled blood pressure. AasBforConceDsince 16. Eleven days after her son Benjamins birth by C-section, Linda Coale awoke in the middle of the night in pain, one leg badly swollen. Just U (67) /U her doctor returned her phone call asking what to do,she dropped dead