2021届天津第一零九中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案.pdf

2021 届天津第一零九中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A You might not expect it,but cows are a large source of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change.Cows produce lots of methane by breaking down the grass,Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows canbe reduced by adding a little seaweed to their food.Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago.But this work was done in a laboratory,there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life.In the lab studies,the cows were given quite a bit of seaweed,and they would cause losing weight.That wasnt helpful,since cows are often sold by weight.It also wasnt clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.Now,scientists from the University of California,Davis have answered several of these questions.The researchers studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months.They taught the cows to get their food from inside a special hood,which allowed the scientists to measure the methane that the cows were giving off.This time,they used a much smaller amount of seaweed,which they mixed with the cows food.The results were surprisingly good.In some cases,the cows produced 82%less methane.The improvement depended on the kind of food the cows were given,but even the worst-polluting cows produced 33%less methane.Over the five months,the scientists didnt see any signs that the cows stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again.Another surprise came when they looked at the weight of the cows.The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows,but they didnt need as much food.But there are still some big problems with the idea of feeding cows seaweed.For one thing,theres notadequateseaweed to feed all of the cows in the world.So farmers would have to figure out a way to grow lots of seaweed.A bigger problem is that for most of their lives,cows live in fields,where they eat the grass.That means theres no chance to feed them seaweed every day.These problems need to be taken seriously if the world is going to avoid the worst effects of the climate crisis.Still,its true that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution causing the climate crisis.1.Why did the scientists do the experiment on the farm?A.To control the amount of seaweed.B.To record the weight cows gained.C.To confirm the effect of seaweed in real life.D.To measure the amount of seaweed cows ale.2.The underlined word“adequate”means _.A.common B.special C.lacking D.enough 3.The passage is written to _.A.appeal to people not to raise the cows B.encourage people to plant the seaweed C.remind people of controlling cows weight D.call on people to take actions to reduce the pollution B Kids ages 6 to13 inCape Town,South Africa,really do dig learning at school!With the help of the Earthchild Project,which is offered in schools in two townships,students make worm(蠕虫)farms.The worms break down food waste and make the soil richer.Kids grow seedlings(幼苗)in containers and learn about the importance of good nutrition.The school program also offers yoga(瑜伽).Teachers find that the exercises help students focus better.The students enjoy Earthchild activities.“The children gets so excited”,says teacher Vuyelwa Rola.“The society we are in has a lot of noise.When students are taking part in the Earthchild Project,they feel calm.”Director Janna Kretzmar came up with the idea for the project in 2005.She read about schools inIndiathat involved kids in yoga and learning outside the classroom.She developed the Earthchild Project to offer similar activities inCape Townschools.“We hope the Earthchild Project can help students find solutions to all the challenges they are facing in the world today,”Kretzmar said.“The best place to create change is with the youth,through education.”The Earthchild Project combines schoolwork with hiking,gardening,healthy living,and yoga.“We need more than just math and science to become happy,healthy,inspired,and active citizens of our communities,”says Kretzmar.In some communities inCape Town,children live in poverty.They must walk long distances to get clean drinking water.Life is hard.But according to the Earthchild Projects Carly Appleby,the project works to give hope to every child.“Students who have hope,”she says,“aim for bigger goals”.4.What do students benefit from yoga?A.It helps them calm down.B.It helps them concentrate.C.They can learn some living skills.D.They can learn about the importance of nutrition.5.What are students attitude towards the Earthchild Project?A.Uncaring.B.Doubtful.C.Supportive.D.Negative.6.What do you know about the Earthchild Project?A.It was founded in 2005.B.It only offers outside activities.C.The idea came up by Vuyelwa Rola.D.It is aimed at helping students find solutions to challenges.7.Whats the best title of the passage?A.Hard Life inSouth Africa.B.Students school life inCape Town.C.Hope from Earthchild Project inCape Town.D.The differences between traditional lessons and Earthchild Project.C After a year at sea,16-year-old Laura Dekker can finally say,“Missionaccomplished!”Last month,she finished a daring trip around the world aboard her 38-foot boat,Guppy.Dekker,who is from theNetherlands,traveled more than 30,000 miles all by herself.She is the youngest person ever to sail around the globe alone.Dekker had wanted to lake on this challenge when she was even younger.She first tried to set sail at the age of 13,but a court in theNetherlandsstopped her.They said that she was too young to make such a risky trip by herself.But Dekker insisted she had the navigation skills and patience of an adult sailor.She finally took off on January 20,2011.During her trip,Dekker battled loneliness,storms,and worries about pirates.But she also got to surf,scuba dive,and started a new hobby:playing the flute.Although Dekker didnt spend all of her time at seashe stopped at ports along the wayshe did spend her 16lh birthday on the open ocean.To celebrate,she ate doughnuts for breakfast.But Dekker didnt sail into the record books.Guinness World Records and the World Sailing Speed Record Council no longer recognize records for“youngest”sailors.They dropped the category in 2009 to discourage children fromattempting such dangerous feats(壮举).But that didnt stop Dekker，who was born on a yacht during a seven-year world voyage undertaken by her parents.Dekker doesnt mind that she wont hold an official record.She says it was a personal goal,and she is happy she achieved it.“I am not disappointed at all that Guinness World Record wont recognize my attempt.”Dekker wrote on her website.“I did not start on my trip to achieve any recordI did it just for myself.”8.Dekker wasnt allowed to sail at the age of 13 because .A.people were concerned about her safety B.she didnt learn any sailing skills well C.she had to continue her study at school D.she didnt have enough patience for long trips 9.What does the underlined word“accomplished”in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Failed.B.Completed.C.Continued.D.Started.10.In 2009 records for youngest sailors were canceled in order to .A.set a higher sailing standard for teen sailors B.stop children entering Guinness World Records C.encourage parents to sail with their children D.prevent children making dangerous attempts 11.What could be the best title for this passage?A.A New Guinness World Record in Sailing B.A New Sailing Standard for Teen Sailors C.A Teen Girl Sailing Alone Aroundthe World D.The Youngest Sailor in Guinness World Records D Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal.Imagine telling someone you meet today what youre going to do.Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you.Doesnt it feel good to say it out loud?Dont you feel one step closer already?Well,bad news:you should have kept your mouth shut,because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.Any time you have a goal,there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it.Ideally,you would not be satisfied until youd actually done the work.But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(认可)it,psychologists have found its called a“social reality”.The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that its already done.And then,because youve felt that satisfaction,youre less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary.This goes againstthe traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals,right?In 1982,Peter Gollwitzer,a Professor of Psychology,wrote a whole book about this.And in 2009,he did some new tests that were published.It goes like this:163 people across four separate testseveryone wrote down their personal goal.Then half of them announced their commitment(许诺)to this goal to the room,and half didnt.Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal,but they were told that they could stop at any time.Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average,and when asked afterwards,said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal.But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average,and when asked afterwards,said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.12.What do the words“social reality”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Completion of the goal.B.Necessary hard work.C.Peoples acknowledgement.D.A sense of satisfaction.13.What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?A.Writing down the goal is very helpful.B.Achieving personal goal needs more time.C.Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.D.Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.14.How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about peoples goal?A.By giving figures.B.By giving examples.C.By making a survey.D.By making comparison tests.15.What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?A.You will be more confident.B.You will not gain satisfaction.C.You are less likely to realize it.D.Youll be much moremotivated.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Are your friends always venting(发泄)or your coworkers reaching out to you?Are you starting to feel a little burnt out by all the texts youre getting?_16_Luckily,here are some ways to choose and enforce your boundaries to get control of the matter.Set daily times when youre available.Make a clear schedule each day for when you check your messages and are available to have a conversation._17_If you couldnt strictly follow the timetable,you would be burnt out again.Change your settings so you cant use apps when you run out of time.Check the Parental Control settings on your phone and search for an option called“Screen Time”on an iPhone or “Digital Wellbeing”on an Android.Set a time limit for how long you can use your messaging apps and save your settings._18_ _19_Try to keep your phone out of sight whenever youre working or need to get something done.You could store it in a drawer,put it on a different table,or leave it in another room.That way,youre less likely to pick it up and check your notifications throughout the day.Tell your friends and family your boundaries as soon as possible.The earlier you mention your boundaries,the less conflict youll have later.If you have friends that reach out while youre at work or send a lot of messages throughout the day,talk to them about your boundaries._20_Tell them you wont be able to hold a full conversation outside of those times.Let them know its okay for them to text you still,but that they should only expect responses during the times you set.Yet always be sure to eventually respond to your text messages.Make a note to yourself to reply if you tend to forget about it.A.Tell them the times when youre available to communicate.B.Keep your phone away from you when youre focusing.C.Putting limits on how often you reply helps you feel less overwhelmed.D.Once you run out of time,you wont be able to access the apps until the next day.E.Communicate your boundaries so people who reach out to you dont feel like theyre ignored.F.Constant conversations and notifications make it harder to focus and could start stressing you out.G.Its okay to read the texts you get during your downtime,but dont respond to them until youre scheduled.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Last Saturday,I went out to have breakfast with a friend.It was_21_.But what wasnt solovely was the lady who took our_22_.She spoke in a way that was_23_,unhappy,certainly not friendly and sort of rude.Working in hospitality(服务行业)myself,I_24_.When it was my_25_to approach her and order,I thought to myself,“What can I do here to cheer her up,to appreciate her,to make her_26_?”I had nothing.Surely there must be_27_I could sincerely compliment(称赞)her on.Then I_28_instantly.It was her_29_.She had the most incredibly well-spoken and clear voice.It was SO good.And that was what I would_30_her for.So after she took my order and gave me the same unfriendly attitude,I told her.I said:“I hope you dont mind me saying so,but you have the most_31_voice.Its so clear,well-spoken and sounds so_32_.”I told the lady her voice would be_33_for voice-overs(配音)and she could be a hostess for radio programs.Her face_34_,and she smiled the first time I had seen her do so,and I noticed her whole attitude_35_.The customer behind me received a totally different kind of_36_,abetter one.And it was all because of what I did.Something so_37_!There was a time when this sort of thing would have_38_me,or Id have been too shy and awkward to say such a thing.Not now.Now I must.Why?Because I have the_39_.The power to completely change someones day by something as simple as a few kind_40_.And you have this power too.We all do.21.A.exciting B.common C.lovely D.surprising 22.A.seat B.order C.food D.menu 23.A.impatient B.cautious C.shy D.proud 24.A.understood B.ignored C.considered D.noticed 25.A.chance B.ability C.choice D.turn 26.A.listen B.smile C.talk D.respond 27.A.nothing B.everything C.anything D.something 28.A.remembered B.learned C.knew D.proved 29.A.voice B.hair C.face D.attitude 30.A.thank B.trust C.blame D.praise 31.A.reliable B.amusing C.amazing D.funny 32.A.enthusiastic B.interesting C.professional D.relaxing 33.A.clear B.perfect C.known D.normal 34.A.stayed dark B.lit up C.turned down D.went pale 35.A.change B.adjust C.worsen D.recover 36.A.service B.payment C.menu D.order 37.A.interesting B.different C.simple D.difficult 38.A.excited B.embarrassed C.confused D.touched 39.A.confidence B.passion C.ability D.power 40.A.words B.orders C.suggestions D.activities 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Directions:After reading the passages below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given wor