英语专业四级语法重点汇总.pdf

第 1 页 English 英语专八专四学习复习资料 英语专四语法重点汇总 版权所有，违者必究，未经协议授权,制止下载使用。注：如恶意泄漏该资料，或通过该资料作为任何盈利手段，作者有权追究其法律责任。本资料为过来人考试经历所整理，也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦 这份资料集结历年专四考试重点，按考试经历已经过筛选 一、非谓语动词主要考点 1.有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语，但是在意思上是有区别，主要常考到动词罗列如下：mean to do 想要做某事VS mean doing 意味做某事 propose to do 打算做某事VS propose doing 建议做某事 forget to do 忘记要做事VS forget doing 忘记已做事 remember to do 记得要做某事VS remember doing 记得做过 go on to do 继而做另一件事VS go on doing 继续做原来事 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 VS stop doing 停顿正在做事 regret to do对将要做事遗憾 VS regret doing对已做过事懊悔 2.不定式习惯用法 典型句型整理如下：如：“cannot help but do“不得不做某事 第 2 页 如：“cannot but do“不禁做某事 如：“cannot choose but do“不由自主地做某事 如：“can do nothing but do“不能不做某事 如：“have no choice but to do“只能做某事 如：“have no alternative but to do“只能做某事 例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career,I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3.动名词习惯用法 典型动名词习惯句型整理罗列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth.如：Its no good/use doing sth.如：spend/waste time doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如：There is no point/sense/harm/use doing sth.例句：There is no use crying over spilt milk.典型例句 牛奶洒了，哭也没用；懊悔是没有用；覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.第 3 页 二、形容词与副词及其比拟级 1.形容词句法功能 形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语语法成分，通常考到知识点总结如下：(1)以“a 开头形容词 如“alone、“alike、“asleep、“awake等一般不能做前置定语，通常是做表语或后置定语 例句：Jerry didnt pass the important final exam,please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now,and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2)某些以副词词缀“-ly 结尾词其实是形容词，不能看错是副词，例如“friendly、“leisurely、“lovely等(3)以下动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语 这些典型单词罗列如下：“remain、“keep、“become、“get、“grow、“go、“come、“turn、“stay、“stand、“run、“prove、“seem、“appear、“look等 例句：The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture.在这个节骨眼上，两国形势仍然持续紧张。There is strong possibility that such a style of mutual 第 4 页 cooperation will prove unworkable.这种合作模式大有可能行不通。2.某些词虽然不用比拟级形式却自身带有比拟概念 这些典型词汇总结如下：“inferior、“minor、“senior、“prior、“prefer to、“superior、“major、“junior、“preferable、“differ from、“compared with、“in comparison with、“different from、“rather than等 例句：After visiting at weekends,I think their villa is superior to all the other villas in the countryside.3.有关比拟级特殊句型(1)not so muchas 与其说还不如说 例句：The major reason for his suicide isnt so much his negative emotions as his incapacity to take care of himself.(2)no/not any morethan 两者一样都不 例句：It is well acknowledged by the public that the heart is no any more intelligent than the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain altogether.(3)no/not any lessthan 两者一样都 例句：I was good at almost all subjects when I was in the junior high school,and particularly speaking,mathematics was no any less good than physics at that time.第 5 页(4)just asso 正如，也会使用到倒装构造 例如：Just as chocolate is a part of my favorite food,so is the ice cream.三、虚拟语气 简明概述：虚拟语气是指说话人讲话内容与现实或事实相反，是一种主观假想情况。时态：可表示过去、现在与将来，特征是时态相应退后。1.与现在事实相反主观假设：条件从句 主句 一般现在时 改为 一般过去时 注：be 动词一律改为 were should/would/could/might+动词原形 例句：If there were an English dictionary,we could consult it for this difficult word.If my bigger brother were here,he would do us a favor to move the heavy box.2.与过去事实相反主观假设：条件从句 主句 一般过去时 改为 过去完成时 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 例句：If he had studied more diligently,he would have passed the 第 6 页 exam undoubtedly.If my favorite teacher had been here yesterday,I would have paid more attention to the lesson.If the child had been more careful,he would not have made such a foolish mistake.3.与将来事实相反主观假设：条件从句 主句 一般过去时 注：be 动词一律改为 were should/would/could/might+动词原形 were+to do sth should+动词原形 例句：If you made great progress in the near future,you should not forget your teachers.If you were to make great progress in the near future,you should not forget your teachers.If you should make great progress in the near future,you should be grateful to your teachers.混合条件句：主句与条件从句所发生时间点不一致，这个时候就需要根据各自时态进展倒退来做相应修改。例句：第 7 页 If you had finished your homework by yourself yesterday过去,you would not copy others answers in a hurry现在.If you had asked your mother how to cook last week过去,you would know clearly each cooking step of the dish现在.虚拟语气倒装 如果从句中有 were，should，had，那么需要倒装。倒装方法：将 if 省略，再把 were，should，had 挪到从句句首。注：如果从句中没有 were，should，had，那么不能省略 if，也不可倒装。例句：原句：If my bigger brother were here,he would help us to move the heavy box.倒装：Were my bigger brother here,he would help us to move the heavy box.原句：If the child had been more careful,he would not have made such a foolish mistake.倒装：Had the child been more careful,he would not have made such a foolish mistake.原句：If you should make great progress in the near future,you should be grateful to your teachers.倒装：Should you make great progress in the near future,you should be grateful to your teachers.第 8 页 虚拟语气词：should 很简单，三种形式（1）It is suggested/requested/ordered,etc.具有命令，建议，要求等口吻动词过去分词 +that sb should should可省略 do 动词原形 sth.注：这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替。例如：原句：It is suggested that students(should)use dictionary in exam.宾语从句：I suggest that students(should)use dictionary in exam.表语从句：My suggestion is that students(should)use dictionary in exam.同位语从句：I provided a suggestion that students(should)use dictionary in exam.（2）It is necessary/important/indispensable,etc.带有主观色彩形容词+that sb(should)do sth.（3）It is a pity/a shame,etc.名词性词组+that sb(should)do sth.第 9 页 虚拟语气特殊句型：It is high high 可省略 time that 该是时候了“that 从句动词可以用（1）过去时（2）should不能省略+动词原形 例句：It is(high)time that we should draw up a contract.It is(high)time that we drew up a contract.草拟合同 含蓄虚拟语气 除了常规连词 if 以外，还可以借助其他介词、介词词组、句子来引导虚拟语气从句。1.Without“要是没有 例句：Without the rescue of firefighters timely,our lives would not have been saved.2.But for“要不是 例句：But for your professional help,I could not have achieved such a big progress in medical community.3.Under“在某种情况下 例句：Under such circumstances,the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children.4.With“有前提下 例句：With the data collected one month earlier,we could 第 10 页 finish the project more efficiently.5.In the absence of “如果没有 例句：In the absence of law,women would continue to lack their rights to vote on their own.6.Otherwise“否那么 例句：We didnt know his educational background and achievement in this field,otherwise we would have fired him.7.If it were not for “要不是 用于现在情况 例句：If it were not for the brilliant guidance of the Communist Party of China,we could not lead a happy life.8.If it had not been for “要不是 用于过去/已经发生情况 例句：If it had not been for my illness,I would have attended this important meeting last Monday.倒装：Had it not been for my illness,I would have attended this important meeting last Monday.9.as if/as though“好似似 按照具体语境，既可以用虚拟语气 表示与实际情况相反、主观臆断、也可以用陈述语气表示实现可能性较大或所说情况即是事实 例句：Time can take away our happiness and sadness as if/though it was endowed with magic power.与现在事实相反虚拟语气 第 11 页 My teacher has contributed herself a lot as if/though she was a candle,which lights others and consumes itself.与现在事实相反虚拟语气 The student studied industriously as if/though he had never felt tired and exhausted.与过去事实相反虚拟语气 The boy still stays calm as if/though he has known the beginning and the end of the matter already.就是事实，按实际时态即可 四、定语从句 简明概述：定语从句在句中充当定语角色，修饰句中前面所提到名/代词。被修饰名/代词称为先行词。关系代词 who,whom,whose,which,that：注：没有what 关系代词所代替主要是人或物名/代词，在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。who,whom,that 都可代替人 例句：Is the boy who/that cheated in the examination(who/that 作为从句主语，代替 the boy)He is the man whom/that we wont recruit due to his criminal records.(who/that 作为从句宾语，代替 the man)whose 可指代人或物 第 12 页 注：如果 whose 指物话，也可以用 of which 来代替。例句：Our conversation was stopped by a man whose hair is blonde.I lent him this book whose pages curled up due to my constant use.=I lent him this book the pages of which curled up due to my constant use.which,that 代替事物 例句：Well never forget the atrocious violence which/that was committed by Japanese soldiers.Is that fashion show(which/that)you were talking about just now作宾语时可省 关系副词 when,where,why：关系副词分别代替先行词为时间、地点与原因，在从句中充当状语角色。注：when,where,why 也可用“介词+which来代替。例句：This was the moment when/at which the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.Xian is one of the most famous cultural cities where/in 第 13 页 which millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.Is this the reason why/for which there is a severe shortage of funds for our research 注：that 是可以代替关系副词，即 that 可取代“when,where,why与“介词+which形式。在口语中 that 可省略 注：介词后面关系词不能省略，而且 that 前不能有介词 例句转换：This was the moment that the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.Xian is one of the most famous cultural cities that millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.Is this the reason that there is a severe shortage of funds for our research 限制性/非限制性定语从句 重点概括整理：限制性定语从句先行词是不能省略，因为省了先行词话，句子意思就会变得不完整与不明确，缺少必要说明解释。而非限制性定语从句是先行词额外说明，是可以省略，省了也不会影响句子意思与整体性，并且与主句之间常用“，隔开。比拟例句：This is the book(which/that)I bought yesterday.限制性 This book,I bought yesterday,is very inspiring.非限制性 第 14 页 通常是非限制性定语从句情况分析：Steven Spielberg,(whom)I admire very much in Hollywood movie-making field,won another Oscar Award this year.专有名词/人名 My beloved dog,(which)I bought 5 years ago,has caught a bad cold recently.有物主代词时候 This experiment,which was conducted last weekends,proves to be a big success.有指示代词时候 Her child was always absent-minded in learning and failed in exams,which made her disappointed once again.由 which代替整句主句 关系代词 that 特殊用法总结只能用 that 情况：先行词既包含人又包含物，只用 that，不用 which 例 句：The volunteers were talking about the nonprofit organization and its staff that made an indelible impression on them.当不定代词作为先行词如 anyone，anything，nothing，any，everything，something，little，few，much，all 等，只用 that，不用 which 例句：He shared everything with us that aroused his interest in chemistry at school.先行词用 the only/very 修饰时，只用 that，不用 which 第 15 页 例句：The girl is the only student that will blush with shyness when talking with boys.先行词是序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用 that，不用 which 例句：The first English award that I won was an English debate competition held by Foreign Languages Institute at my university.This was the busiest period that we spent last year in project-consulting and research industry.在 There be 句型中，只用 that，不用 which 例句：There was a ship that passed through a strait.五、名词性从句 简明概述：名词性从句在句中相当于名词词组/成分。由于它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句总称又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句等。引导名词性从句连接词重点概括如下：1.连接词：that,whether,if 只起连接主句与从句作用，在从句中不作任何成分 注：that-从句作主语时，常用it作先行词放在句首作为形式主语，而将that-从句放在句末，防止头重1.It is necessary(a.)that 2.It is known-ed 分词 that 3.It is a pity(n.)that 第 16 页 脚轻。4.It seems(vi.)that 2.连接代词：what(whatever),who(whoever),whom,whose,which(whichever)3.连接副词：when,where,why,how 注：连接代词与连接副词作主语时，也常用 it 作先行词放在句首作为形式主语。例句：It is doubtful why his parents are determined so persistently to send the young boy abroad for further study.It has not been decided yet who will take the responsibility to negotiate with the government.注1：引导主语从句连接词不可省略 例句：That the candidate was selected as the Party Chairman made us excited.注2：引导同位语从句连接词不可省略 例句：We worried about the forecast that there would be only a few affordable apartments prepared for blue-collar workers in tier-one cities一线城市in the following three years.注3：表示“是否时候，只用 whether 不用 if 情况 1.后有“or not 例句：It is unknown to all whether the new policy can improve the standard of peoples lives or not.第 17 页 2.引导表语从句 例句：The keynote is whether childrens safety can be guaranteed.3.引导主语从句并在句首 例句：Whether the experiment could be conducted(or not)remained unknown to the students.4.作介词宾语 例句：The child is fearful of whether another war will break out at any moment.六、倒装 简明概述：倒装句由 全部倒装与局部倒装 组成。全部倒装是把句中谓语局部全部挪到主语前面，时态通常是一般现在时与一般过去时；局部倒装那么是将谓语一局部，如助动词或情态动词倒装于主语之前。如果谓语没有助动词或情态动词，那么需要我们帮助补充助动词，如do，does，did，并将它们放在主语前面。全部倒装时态通常是一般现在时与一般过去时：A.句中如有副词here,there,now,then,away,hence,thus,etc.位于句首，谓语动词为 come,go,be,stand,fall,lie,etc.典型例句：Away ran the child.There lives a tiger.Here is your money.第 18 页 B.表示方位/运动方向副词 如in,out,away,off,up,down,etc.位于句首，谓语表示运动动词如 come,go,jump,run,swim,stand,rush,etc.。例句：Away swam a whale.C.地点状语位于句首 例句：Under the tree rested an old lady.D.There be 句型 例句：There is注意主谓一致a radio,two television sets and ten chairs in this room.There are many TV programs in prime time黄金时间段.注：全部倒装只有在主语是名词前提下才能全部倒装，如果主语是人称代词那么不能全部倒装。比照例句：Away ran the child.Away he ran.There lives a tiger.There it lives.局部倒装：A.句首有否认或半否认词语注：如果否认词不在句首，那么不需要倒装，Eg:No,Not,None,Nobody,Nowhere,Never,Little,Few,Seldom,Hardly,At no time,In no way,Not until,Not onlybut also,Hardlywhen,Scarcelywhen,No soonerthan,etc.第 19 页 例句：Nowhere can you find a place better than your home.In no way could you destroy the incontrovertible evidence.At no time can a country use force towards a vulnerable group.Never have I scolded my child even if he has made any mistakes.重点：Not until 总结：主句倒装，从句不倒装；否认词不在句首不需倒装 例句比照：Not until that time名词短语did I know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation.=I didnt know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation until that time.Not until the child made a full recovery from the heart operation从句did his father go abroad on business.=The father didnt go abroad on business until the child made a full recovery from the heart operation.重点：Not only but also 1.Not only A but also B，假设 A 与 B 是名词性短语，那么不需要倒装 例句：第 20 页 Not only students but also teachers should keep studying continuously and absorb new knowledge to broaden their minds.2.Not only A but also B，假设 A 与 B 都是分句话，那么 A 倒装，B 不倒装。比照例句：Not only should we reconstruct economy,but also create more positions for the unemployed.We should not only reconstruct economy,but also create more positions for the unemployed.重点：Hardlywhen;Scarcelywhen;No soonerthan 比照例句注意时态：前过完后过去时：Hardly had I left home when my dog barked.I had hardly left home when my dog barked.Scarcely had we gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.We had scarcely gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.No sooner had the Chairman declared the result of the contest than the contestant shivered with excitement.The Chairman had no sooner declared the result of the contest than the contestant shivered with excitement.第 21 页 B.Only 位于句首要局部倒装 1.Only by this means/in this way短语can you notice the importance of efficient study methods.2.Only after making the same mistake twice从句will he learn a lesson.主句局部倒装，从句不倒装 C.Sothat句型中假设 so 位于句首，那么需要局部倒装 例句：So angry was the boy that he decided to break off friendly relations with his friends断绝友谊.D.May 在表示祝愿句子中位于句首，要局部倒装 例句：May God bless you!May this transportation handbook help you to travel in Singapore.E.虚拟语气倒装 如果从句中有 were，should，had，就需要局部倒装。将 if 省略，再把 were，should，had 挪到从句句首。虚拟语气中已经讲明 七、主谓一致 简明概述：主谓一致即主语与谓语在语法单复数形式上保持一致。本章节重点罗列了英语专四考试中经常会考到且常出现几种情况以供大家参考、复习。以“s结尾书名、杂志名、国家名、组织名，虽然字面上是“复数第 22 页 形式，但其实只能作为一个独立个/整体。所以作主语时，谓语动词要为单数。典型例句：The United States has 50 states.The Forbes福布斯杂志was founded in 1917.The United Nations has taken steps to ameliorate this situation.并列构造作主语 例句比照：Studying and working are both indispensable and should be balanced evenly.当 A 与 B 分别指两个不同概念时候，谓语要用复数 The diplomat an