英语试题练习题教案学案课件2008年高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集.pdf

2021 年高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集 02 名 词 一、考点聚焦 1.可数名词单、复数变化形式 1规那么变化。单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy-boys,pen-pens。以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass-glasses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes。特例：stomach-stomachs 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i再加-es。如：baby-babies,lady-ladies,fly-flies。以o结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和局部外来词中以 o 结尾的词只加-s。如：radio-radios,zoo-zoos,photo-photos,piano-pianos,kilo-kilos,tobacco-tobaccos。以f或fe结尾的名词复数形式变f或fe为v，之后再加-es。如：wife-wives,life-lives,knife-knives,wolf-wolves,self-selves,leaf-leaves 等。特例：handkerchief-handkerchiefs,roof-roofs,chief-chiefs,gulf-gulfs,belief-beliefs,cliff-cliffs。改变元音字母的。如：man-men,mouse-mice,foot-feet,woman-women,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,ox-oxen。特例：child-children。复合名词的复数形式。A在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair-armchairs,bookcase-bookcases,bookstore-bookstores。Bman 和 woman 作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor-men doctors,woman driver-women drivers。C与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词局部加-s。如：brother-in-law-brothers-in-law,passer-by-passers-by。有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero-zeros、zeroes;penny 的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence 便士的钱数，pennies(便士的枚数)。2不规那么变化。单、复数同形。如：means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works工厂,cattle。合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend-boy-friends,go-between-go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up-grown-ups。有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses 眼镜，clothes 衣服，goods 货物，trousers 裤子，belongings 所有物,wages 工资，riches 财富,surroundings 环境，ashes 灰尘,compasses 圆规，cattle 家畜，congratulations 祝贺，have words with sb.同某人吵架，in high spirits 以很高热情地，give ones regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags 衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多指整体；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了个体。2、不可数名词的数 1一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词不可数 具体化个体名词，可数名词 in surprise 惊讶地 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事 win success 获得成功 a success 一个(件)成功的人(事)win honor 赢得荣誉 an honor 一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)is the mother of success 失败是成功之母。a failure 失败者 by experience 靠经验 an experience 一次经历 youth 青春 a youth 一个青年人 have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity 可惜的事情 with pleasure 乐意 a pleasure 乐事 抽象名词与 a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk(swim,bath,talk)with me?It is waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：some coffee 一些咖啡，a coffee 一杯咖啡，three coffees 三杯咖啡，some drink 一些饮料,a drink 一杯饮料，three drinks 三杯饮料，his hair 他的头发，a few grey hairs 几根白发，glass 玻璃，a glass 一只玻璃杯。物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。have breakfast The road is covered with snow.have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.Time and tide wait for no man.We had a wonderful time last night.(3)有复数形式的不可数名词 有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：Use your brains,please.They have smoothed away the difficulties.Have you made preparations for tomorrows meeting?Many thanks for your kindness.No pains,no gains.After many failures,they finally succeeded.有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.3.名词所有格 1s所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper,five minuteswalk(drive),five poundsweight,ten dollarsworth of coffee 用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earths planet,the words population,Chinas industry,New Yorks parks。2of所有格的特殊表示方式有：表示局部时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词a、two、several、some、no、many 等，如：Some students of Mister Zhangs have gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。表示其中之一，其中一局部的意思时，用：a friend of Toms 汤姆的一个朋友许多朋友中的一位。表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/those+名词单、复数of Marys/yours/his/hers。如：That invention of hers belongs to the world.她的那项创造是属于全世界的表赞赏。4、名词作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。1分类意义。air pollution 空气污染 boy friend 男朋友 coffee cup 咖啡杯 income tax 所得税 tennis ball 网球 song writer 歌曲作家 body language 身体语言 road accident 交通事故 Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 2时间、地点、称呼等。Doctor Jack 杰克医生 Professor Li 李教授 evening school 夜校 winter sleep 冬眠 street dance 街舞 country music 乡村音乐 village people 村民 school education 学校教育 China problem 中国问题 3表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。reception desk 接待台 sports field 田径场 stone table 石桌 color TV 彩电 weather report 天气预报 二、精典名题导解 选择填空 1.It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.(NMET 2001)A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as 解析：答案为 D。当名词前有 what、so、as、too、quite 等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成以下结构，如：What a nice book!This is too heavy a box for me to carry.He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，应采取 too/how+形容词副词+a(an)+名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。2.The police are offering a _to anyone who can give information about the lost key.NMET 1999 A.price B.prize C.reward D.money 解析：答案为 C。price 价格，价钱；prize 奖金。项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是酬金，报酬。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的根底，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。3.Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London NMET 1998 A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness 解析：答案为 C。此题考查特定语境中名词的词义及be of+抽象名词结构。Price(价格)，cost价钱，费用，本钱不符合题意，value 作quality of being useful or desirable解时，常与 of 搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为有用，有价值。应选择 value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中of+抽象名词相当于该名词的形容词形式。练习.名词 1.The _ of the room were covered with _.A.roofs,leafs B.roofs,leaves C.rooves,leafs D.rooves,leaves 2.There are three _ in our factory.A.woman doctors B.women doctors C.woman doctor D.women doctor 3.Which do you prefer _ or _?A.potatos,tomatos B.potatos,tomatoes C.potatoes,tomatos D.potatoes,tomatoes 4.They are _ of different presses(出版社).Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office.A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chiefs B.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chiefs C.editors-in-chiefs,editors-in-chiefs D.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chiefs 5.The ant has two _.A.stomaches B.stomacks C.stomach D.stomachs 6.He doesnt like _ for supper.A.chick B.chicken C.chickens D.chicks 7.It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming.A.so B.such C.so as D.such a 8._ wonderful space they saw on the room!A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 9.We know _ travels not so fast as light.A.sound B.sounds C.the sounds D.a sound 10.My family raise a lot of _,including two _.A.cattle,cows B.cows,cattle C.cattles,cows D.cow,cattles 11.A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate军营门口.A.have gathered B.has gathered C.is D.was 12.The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car.A.deal B.amount C.number D.size 13._ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A.Many B.A great many C.A great deal of D.A number of 14.Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend.A.hand B.a hand C.hands D.the hands 15.Two _,please.A.coffee B.coffees C.cup of coffee D.cups coffee 16.I cant pay as _ as he asked for.A.high price a B.high price C.a high price D.high a price 17._ knowledge of space develops rapidly.A.Mans B.Mens C.Mens D.Persons 18.I stayed at _.A.Xiao Wangs B.Wangs home C.the Wangs D.home of Wang 19.Sister Carrie works in a _ factory.A.shoes B.shoses C.shoe D.shoes 20.Have you ever read _?A.today newspaper B.newspaper today C.newspaper of today D.todays newspaper 21.Two _ walk didnt made me tired.A.hour B.hours C.hours D.hours 22.The mother over there is _ mother.A.Julia and Mary B.Julia and Marys C.Julias and Marys D.Julias and Mary 23.Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class.A.anyones B.anyone else C.anyones elses D.anyone elses 24.The children are playing _ on the _.A.sand,sand B.sands,sands C.sand,sands D.sands,sand 25.If these trousers are too big,buy a smaller _.A.set B.one C.copy D.pair 26.Tom usually takes a _ in bus on rainy days.A.walk B.ride C.trip D.travel 27.We have no _ about where she has gone.A.information B.news C.message D.flash 28.Food and _ are daily necessities需要for the people.A.cloth B.clothe C.clothes D.clothing 29.My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.A.strength B.sense C.power D.skill 30.The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday.Many workers were killed.A.incident,was happened B.matter,happened C.event,was taken place D.accident,took place 31.The room was so quiet that she could hear the _ of her heart.A.beating B.ways C.knocking D.striking 32._ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.A.The public B.People C.Women D.Man 33.He was an _ in the government _.A.office,official B.official,office C.officer,office D.official,officer 34.There are several _ in this novel who are different in _.A.character,character B.characters,characters C.character,characters D.characters,character 35.We visited him _ when he was in hospital.A.every other days B.each other day C.every other day D.every two day 36.My friend will return in _.A.one day or two B.a day or two C.one day or two D.a or two days 37._ is always difficult for me.A.Translation B.Translate C.The translation D.A translation 38._ of this novel is excellent,quite to my surprise.A.Translation B.Translate C.The translation D.A translation 39.The police _ looking into the matter now.A.be B.is C.are D.are going to 40.The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people.A.the B.a C./D.one 41.No news _ good news.A.is B.are C.have D.has 42.Maths still _ very difficult for me,though I have done my best.A.looks B.seems C.is D.are 43.Where _ my trousers?the boy asked.A.is B.was C.were D.are 44.How happy they are!Obviously,they are _.A.in nice spirits B.in nice spirit C.in high spirits D.in high spirit 45.I saw many _ seated in the corner reading something.A.Japanese B.Japaneses C.of Japanese D.of Japaneses 46.Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.A.an advice B.advice C.advices D.the advices 47.We are _ and they are _.A.Englishmen,Germans B.Englishmen,German C.Englishmans,Germans D.Englishmen,Germen 48._ are made of _.A.A glass,a glass B.Glasses,glass C.The glass,the glass D.Glasses,glasses 49.Ill have to buy _ trousers.A.a B.two C.a pair of D.a couple of 50.There are two _ in our class.A.Liu B.Lius C.Lius D.Lius 51._ is needed in cold countries.A.A lot of clothes B.Much clothing C.Many a cloth D.Lots of clothes 52.They are _.A.mathematics student B.mathematic students C.students in mathematics D.mathematics students 53.The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions反响.A.mouses B.mice C.mices D.mices 54.This letter was sent by _.A.my father friend B.my father friends C.a friend of my fathers D.a friend of my father 55.Ten years had passed.I found she had _.A.a little white hair B.some white hair C.a few white hair D.a few white hairs 56.I have made _ with Billy.A.friends B.friend C.a friend D.the friend 57.The population of Beijing is _ than that of Xian.A.more B.larger C.fewer D.small 58.There are thirty-two _ in our school.A.woman teacher B.women teacher C.women teachers D.woman teachers 59.He had tried everything but it made little_.A.use B.good C.difference D.result 60.You must get there within half an hour.There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying man.A.wait B.delay C.time D.hurry 61.Enough of it!Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any_.A.excuse B.sense C.use D.value 62.-How dare you play on such thin ice?-Playing on ice is not my _of spare time.A.idea B.thought C.mind D.intention 63.Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air,but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_.A.travel B.tourism C.journey D.course 64.One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A.view B.glance C.screen D.scene 65.The new law will come into _on the day it is passed.(1999 上海)A.effect B.use C.service D.existence 66.When you play football,what _do you play?A.situation B.place C.part D.position 67.Its important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the_in language studies.A.situation B.expression C.condition D.translation 68.I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness.A.achievement B.agreement C.view D.appreciation 69.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good_.A.sight B.scene C.view D.look 70.Nowadays natural gas,wind and other forms of _are widely used in the country.A.energy B.force C.power D.materials 71._with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.A.Contrast B.Competition C.Contact D.Combination 72.We all know that_speak louder than words.A.movements B.performances C.operations D.actions 73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.(NMET1997 38)A.fact B.reality C.practice D.deed 74.Weve missed the last bus.Im afraid we have no _but to take a taxi.(Met 1993,33)A.way B.choice C.possibility D.selection 75.He dropped the _and broke it.(Met 1993,38)A.cup of coffee B.coffees cup C.cup for coffee D.coffee cup 76.Heres my card.Lets keep in _.(NMET1994,33)A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship 77.He gained his _by printing _of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)A.wealth;work B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works 78.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible,just have a little _.(MET 1996,10)A.wait B.time C.patience D.rest 79.If by any chance someone comes to see me,ask them to leave a _.(NMET1997,18)A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice 80.These football players had no strict _until they joined our club.(1997.上海 20)A.practice B.education C.exercise D.training 81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas,wind and other forms of _.(1996.上海.15)A.energy B.source C.power D.material 82.Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness 83.We all know that _speak louder than words.(1999.上海 24)A.movements B.performances C.operations D.actions 84.My parents always let me have my own _of living.(1999.上海 25)A.way B.method C.manner D.fashion Key:15 BBDDD 610 BBCAA 1115 ABCCB 1620 DAACD 2125 DBDCD 2630 BADBD 3135 AABDC 3640 BACCB 4145 ABDCA 4650 BABCB 5155 BDDCD 5660 ABCCB 6165 BACAA 6670 DADCA 7175 CDCBD 7680 ADCAD 8184 ACDA 2006 全国各省市高考试卷中的名词试题:1(全国卷 2)11.It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A.use B.help C.time D.way 2(上海春)41.Put the _ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.A.tip B.top C.peak D.pole 3(天津卷)15.Finding information in todays world is easy.The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A.ability B.competition C.challenge D.knowledge 4(辽宁卷)32.School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous .A.states B.conditions C.situations D.positions 5(江西卷)28It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.A.safety B.company C.house Dfriend 6(福建卷)35.Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A.explanations B.instructions C.descriptions D.introductions 7(湖北卷)21.To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.A.strengths B.benefits C.techniques D.values 8(湖北卷)23.The _on his face told me that he was angry.A.impression B.sight C.appearance D.expression 9(湖北卷)24.At the meeting they discussed three different _to the study of mathematics.A.approaches B.means C.methods D.ways 10(广东卷)34.You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of .A.date B.shape C.order D.balance 11(浙江卷