2023年全国10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码00838.doc

全国2023年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.Language is _.( ) A.the product of the human brain B.rule governed C.independent of culture D.the result of social institutions2.Culture is a loan word from _. A.French B.Latin C.Roman D.Norwegian3.In South Africa, Australia and New Zealand the first week day after Christmas is _.( ) A.Boxing Day B.Thanksgiving Day C.Easter D.St.Valentine's Day4.A bun or bread roll containing fried or grilled steak is called .( ) A.hamburger B.sandwich C.hot dog D.pudding5.In the following words,_ contains a derivational morpheme. A.nicer B.maps C.precede D.worked6.In the following statements,_ is not true.( ) A.“English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese is a language with implicit grammar.” B.“Compared with Chinese, English has more grammatical morphemes that are used more frequently in either speech or writing.” C.“Chinese has no grammatical morphemes.” D.“Grammatical explicitness and consistency are required in English.”7.We can often find personal names in English that are related to .( ) A.historical events B.natural phenomena C.influential figures D.the place of birth8.Abraham is a _.( ) A.religious name B.flower name C.weapon name D.name of authority9.The Chinese personal letters generally sound more _ in tone than their corresponding English ones. A.formal B.informal C.ornate D.plain10.“To have the tendency to stretch the truth”can be used as the euphemism for “_”.( ) A.to provide true information B.to tell others fortune C.to lie D.to steal11.The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “garbage collector”is “_”. A.collecting engineer B.garbage engineer C.sanitary engineer D.sanitation engineer.12.寒舍 is equivalent to _ in English. A.my home B.my humble home C.my cold house D.my shabby hut13.The Chinese expression“给我一座金山，我也不干”corresponds to the English idiom _.( ) A.to keep one's nose clean B.not for all the tea in China C.not to bat an eyelid D.to make one's flesh creep14.“Not to mince one's words”means _. A.speak frankly,bluntly or coarsely B.speak indirectly C.speak thoughtfully D.speak mindlessly15.The expression “that young man is a bear at mathematics” has a similar meaning to _.( ) A.that young man is bad at mathematics B.that young man is good at mathematics C.that young man is clumsy at mathematics D.that young man is a mathematician16.In English culture “white” connotes _.( ) A.death B.cruelty C.reaction D.innocence17.British English is spoken in _.( ) A.Great Britain B.Australia C.New Zealand D.A,B,and C.18.Rubbing one's thumb against one's forefinger and middle finger means in English body language system. A.money B.dirt C.OK D.victory19.Gestures that can fully take the place of spoken words are .( ) A.illustrators B.emblems C.regulators D.adapters20.Generally _ is the most difficult among the following in the learning of foreign nonverbal communication.( ) A.transfer B.reassociation C.conflict D.reinterpretation.EAch of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.In English culture “blue” is often associated with _.( ) A.unhappy feelings B.high social position C.jealousy and envy D.lacking experience22.The idiomatic expression“to put one's foot in one's mouth” means .( ) A.to say something embarrassing B.to just make it C.to have an angry attitude D.to say something wrong or unsuitable23._is an outright offensive racist world. A.Girl B.Boy C.Nigger D.Negro24.At first we thought we would go for a holiday._we learned we were needed at home. A.Unfortunately B.And then C.Unexpectedly D.Subsequently25.In British English,to gain the attention of a stranger, speakers often rely on “_”.( ) A.Excuse me B.Hello C.Miss/Ma'am/Mister/sir D.I beg your pardon26._are named after their designers or manufacturers. A.Ford B.Chanel C.Salem D.Rolex27.Westerners often draw a cross by touching the forehead,breast and shoulders to invoke the blessing of Christ,when they are _.( ) A.angry B.shocked C.sad D.amused28.Language is _.( ) A.an instrument used in the communication of thought. B.the function of the human brain. C.nonverbal from the very beginning D.closely related to thinking.29.In the following cultural interpretations for the differences in word order between English and Chinese,_ is reasonable. A.English people are inclined to think inductively, while Chinese people tend to think deductively. B.English people are inclined to think deductively, while Chinese people tend to think inductively. C.English people are direct and Chinese people are indirect. D.English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language.30.One can get _ in a drugstore or chemist's shop. A.medicines B.chemicals C.toiletries D.magazines.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.Language is the carrier and _ of culture.32.Many English words are distinguished by their _ meanings,which are normally attached to conceptual meanings.33.In English all the prefixes are _ morphemes.34.Given names used as vocatives suggest _ between the addresser and the addressee.35.In _ argumentation the supporting facts or details are located before the conclusion.36.“Son of a bitch”, as a swear word, is more _ than “damn it”.37.When describing a place English speakers prefer _ language representing fresh ideas.38.The English proverbial expression _ corresponds to “明珠暗投” in Chinese.39.When I finally secured a small part in a television play my mother was as proud as a _ and told all the neighbours about it.40.Similes and metaphors must have two components:_ and _.41._in English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person, especially a woman.42.Nonverbal communication is often used with _ behaviours to convey meaning.Answer the following questions briefly：(12%)43.What is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”?44.What does the gesture “touching or pointing to one's own nose by raised thumb ”signify in western culture?45.What does “ a shylock" allude to ?46.How would you explain in relation to culture the metaphorical statement “his skin was white as leprosy”?47.Why has it been claimed that English texts develop in a linear fashion?48.How will you explain the contrast of explicit grammar in English and implicit grammar in Chinese?.Translation:(16%)49.Do you see anything green in my eye?50.I can't thank you enough. Don't mention it.51.The young man sitting between Mary and John is the editor-in-chief of our campus newspaper.52.The calmest husbands make the stormiest wives.53.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.54.敬请光顾55.作了婆婆忘了作媳妇时的苦。(into an English proverb)56.他的钱全被抢光了。.Define the following terms:(10%)57.vocatives58.metaphor59.EST60.technical time61.egalitarianism.Discuss the following topics:(20%)62.What similarities and differences can you find between “red” and “红”?63.The system of meaning represented by the words in a language is culturespecific. How do you interpret this statement?全国2023年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题参考答案课程代码：00838.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.D 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.C.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.(10%) 21.AB 22.AD 23.BCD 24.BD 25.AD 26.AB 27.BC 28.AD 29.AC 30.ACD.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%) 31.container 32.associative 33.Derivational 32.familiarity 35.inductive 36.offensive 37.plain 38.cast your pearls before swine 39.peacock 40.the tenor, the vehicle 41.Dragon 42.Verbal.Answer the following questions briefly:(12%) 43.The American equivalent for the British word “maize” is “corn”. 44.It's me or I'm the one. 45.It alludes to a cruel, greedy, money-grabbing person who will go to no ends to gain wealth. 46.Leprosy is a skin disease that may cause discolored patches. It was at least once common in England. However lepers are seldom seen in China. 47.Because English texts normally focus on the central theme and a sentence is often derived directly form the previous sentences both in from and in meaning. 48.It is highly probably that English speakers prefer to indicate explicitly the logical relationships between words, phrases or clause, whereas the Chinese people, when logical relationships can be inferred from the context or have been known, allow them to be expressed implicitly.Translation:(16%) 49.你认为我可欺吗? 50.非常感谢。 不客气。 51.坐在玛丽和约翰之间的年轻人是我们校报主编。 52.丈夫懦弱妻子凶。 53.那些出身高贵的人注定广受瞩目。 54.Request the honour of your presence. 55.The mother-in-law remembers not that she was a daughter-in-law. 56.He was robbed of all his money.Define the following terms:(10%) 57.Vocatives are used to address others to draw their attention. 58.A metaphor is an implied comparison between two or more like things. 59.EST,the acronyms of English for Science and Technology, is used to discuss topics about sciencs and technology. 60.Technical time refers to precise, scientific measurements of time counted in ordered, logical sequences. 61.Egalitarianism refers to the view that all men have equal social and political rights.Discuss the following topics:(20%) 62.“Red”and “红” are both associated with celebration and joyful occasions. They may be both associated with anger and embarrassment. And they are both associated with revolution and communism as well.“The red light district” and “red tape” are foreign to the Chinese people and 牛羊肉 becomes “red meat” in English.“See red”,“wave a red flag”, and “red rag” may be derived from bullfighting which is foreign to the Chinese people. 63.The system of meaning shaped in a particular cultural context is culturespecific. That means each language represents a system of meaning that is different from any other such systems. We know that each culture develops in a particular geographical and historical framework and is a unique way of life favored by a particular population. Culture shapes the system of meaning represented by language, especially, words. Moreover, each language represents a system of meaning in ways particular to its own, For instance, different language may represent the color system differently, breaking the colour spectrum at different points. As a whole, each language represents a unique system of meaning in unique ways. 00838 语言与文化 第 9 页 共 5页