情态动词must-can-could-may-might表推测的用法.doc
情态动词must,can,could,may,might表推测的用法情态动词must， can， could, may， might表推测的用法:情态动词中的must, can, could， may， might都表推测。其中must的可能性最大,can / could次之，may / might最小。具体用法如下：1. must的用法（1）表示推测“可能性"时,意思是“一定、准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。He must be American. = It is certain that he is American。 他准是个美国人.（2)must表推测只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时,应用cant，如询问某种可能时，应用can。He must know my address。 他肯定知道我的地址.（一定） He cant know my address。 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗？（询问可能性)(3）must表示推测时,可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。He must have a car now. (现在)他一定有辆小汽车。He must be doing his exercises in the classroom。（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习.He must have finished the work.（过去发生)他一定已完成了工作。注：must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用He must come tomorrow。可用Its certain / Im sure that he will come tomorrow。(4）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isnt he? （现在）他准时个工人,是吗?It must have rained last night， didnt it？ （过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？You must have learned English for many years， havent you？ （完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？2。 can / could的用法(1）can表示推测“可能性”时，往往用于否定句或疑问句。Cant“一定不”，语气很肯定。can在疑问句中意思是“会、可能”。He cant be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。（2）can /cant后可接进行时/完成时,表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生的动作进行推测。They cant be reading in the library。 他们一定不在图书馆读书。He cant have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago。 他不可能去了上海,我刚才还看见他。Its so late. Where can she have gone？ 天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？（3）在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分含有表示推测意义的cant时，疑问部分的助动词应与cant后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致.He cant be a teacher， is he? 他不是教师，是吗?She cant have finished her homework， has she? 她一定没有完成家庭作业，是不是？（4）could可用于表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。Dont eat it。 It could be poisonous. 不要吃它，可能有毒.The plane could be delayed by fog. 飞机可能会因为雾晚点。 （5）could还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。Excuse me， could you tell me the way to the bus station？Could you help me？(6）couldnt表示否定推测，表示某事不可能真实,或由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。It couldnt possibly be poison。 这不可能是毒药。注:有时与形容词的比较级连用强调某人或某物不可能再更多地具有某种属性。You couldnt be more wrong。 你真是大错特错。I couldnt be happier。 我简直是幸福极了。3. may和might的用法（1) may， might表示推测“可能性”时,意思是“可能”、“也许”，语气没有 must肯定。He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American。他可能是个美国人。注:might不表示过去时态，只是语气上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。（2)may， might表推测时,可以用于否定句，意思是“可能不、也许不"，但不用于疑问句。He may / might not be at home. 他也许不在家。（3）may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作.He may / might be sleeping now. (现在)他可能正在睡觉。The boy may / might not be watching TV at home。 （现在）这个男孩可能没在家看电视These students may / might have seen the film before。（过去)这些学生以前可能看过这部电影.（4）may, might还可以推测将来的情况。I think we should take raincoat with us, it may rain。 我想我们应该带上雨衣，可能要下雨了。She might not come this afternoon. 她今天下午可能不来了.情态动词和虚拟语气练习40题从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Are you in a hurry？ -No， in fact I've got plenty of time。 I _ wait。 A。must B。need C.may D。should 2.Someone is knocking at the door. _ it be Venis？ -No， it _ be her； she left for New York this morning。 A.Can; mustn't B.Might； cant C.May； doesn't D.Can； cant 3。He didnt agree with me at first，but I _ persuade him to sign the agreement later. A.could B。might C.should D.was able to 4.Is there a movie on in the cinema tonight？ -There_ be. I will phone the cinema and find it out. A.might B。should C.can D。could 5.You _ be careful when you cross here the traffic lights arent working. A.can B.ought to C。might D.may 6.You _ out last night。 I called you several times, but nobody answered. A.must have been B。must be C.might have been D。could be 7.You _ fail to pass the entrance examination if you dont study harder。 A.shall B。could C。must D.should 8。When I was studying at Beijing University, I _ take a walk along the lake every evening。 A.will B.would C。could D.shall 9.The party turned out to be a failure. I would rather _ it。 A。not have attended B.not attend C.not to attend D。not to have attended 10。Sir， you _ be sitting in this seat. It is for women or children only。 A。cant B.oughtn't to C。wont D.neednt 11.-Shall I tell Li Ming about the matter？ -No, you _ . He has known about it already。 A.oughtnt to B.neednt C。shouldnt D.mustnt 12。-Must I take a bus？ -No, you _ . You can walk there。 A。must not B.dont C。dont have to D.had better not to 13。-Why do you make me do so？ I am sorry that you _ do such a thing。 A。would B.can C。should D。may 14。-Will you stay for lunch？ -Sorry， I _ 。 My brother is coming to see me. A。mustnt B。cant C。needn't D.won't 15.What would have happened _ , as far as the riverbank？ A。if Bob has walked farther B.if Bob should walk farther C。had Bob walked farther D.should Bob walk farther 16.Oh， Jane， youve broken another glass. You ought _ when you washed it。 A。be careful B.to care C。have cared D。to have been careful 17。Its high time we _ to the theater. A.will go B。shall go C.are going to D.went 18。Could I use your telephone? Yes, of course you _ 。 A.could B.will C。can D。might 19。Its strange that they _ nothing about this matter。 A。should know B。would know C。had known D。knew 20.Do you still remember the day when we went to the Great Wall? I cant remember it well， but _ sometime last autumn？ A。might it be B.could it have been C.could it be D。must it have been 21.I cant get through to the general managers office anyhow。 The line is busy。 Someone _ the telephone。 A。must use B.uses C。must have been using D。must be using 22.He suggests we _ to the cinema at once, otherwise we will be late。 A。must go B。go C.will go D.would go 23.If only he _ me yesterday！ A。had seen B。would see C.should see D。saw 24。If you _ wait a moment， Ill go and find our manager. A.can B.should C.will D。must 25。It is rather cold here。 Shall we light a fire？ No， we _ because things are easy to catch fire. A。wont B.cant C.mustnt D。neednt 26.If I _ you， I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A.was; shall pay B。am; will pay C.would be； would pay D.were； would pay 27。Would you have told him the answer had it been possible？ I would have， but I _ so busy then. A。had been B.were C。was D.would be 28。Can children swim in this pool？ -Yes. However, at no time _ they do so by themselves。 A。dare B.should C。need D。could 29。Kunming is called“Spring City”,but it _ snow in winter。 A.shall B.can C。must D。might 30.Whats the matter with you? Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried fish just now. A.shouldnt eat B。mustnt have eaten C.shouldn't have eaten D。mustnt eat 31.You look so upset. Whats wrong with you？ The door _ . Can you help me？ A.wont open B.won't be opened C。cant open D。can't be opened 32.Mum,I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf. -My goodness!You _ yourself. You mustn't do that next time. A.must have hurt B。should have hurt C.may have hurt D。can have hurt 33。Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when he is in a public library. A。must B。may C。can D.need 34.“The interest _ be divided into five parts， according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge。 A。may B.should C.must D。shall 35。I dont mind telling you what I know。 You _ . Im not asking you for it. A.mustn't B。may not C。cant D。neednt 36。-Mum，I've been studying English since 8 oclock. _ I go out and play with Tom for a while？ No, I'm afraid not。 Besides， its raining outside now. A.Can't B。Wouldnt C。Dare not D.Wont 37。Who is the girl standing over there? Well， if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A。may B。can C。must D shall 38.The driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _ happen at any time。 A.should B。can C.must D.need 39.We _ booked。 Look， this restaurant is almost empty. A。must have B。cant have C。should have D.neednt have 40.Listen! The fire engine is roaring。 There _ be a fire somewhere. A。should B。must C。will D。ought to 【答案及部分解析】 15 CDDAB 610 AABAB 1115 BCCBC 1620 DDCAB 2125 DBACC 2630 DCBBC 3135 ACADD 3640 ACADB 1. may表示“可以”。 2. can用在疑问句和否定句中，表示可能性的推测.cant表示“不可能"。 3. 情态动词can和be able to都可表示能力。当表示“过去成功地做了某事"时，常用was（were） able to。 4。 由下文的I will phone the cinema and find it out可知此处应用might。may或might用在肯定句中，表示可能性的推测. 5. ought to表示劝告。 6. 题意为“我昨天晚上打了几次电话都没有人接,你一定是出去了”。must have done常用来表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测。 7。 shall用于第二人称或第三人称，表示说话者的意愿，有命令、警告、威胁、强制、允诺和决心之意。此题用shall，表示“警告”。 8. 情态动词would可以表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。与used to相比，would不含有“现在已无此习惯"的意义. 9. 题意为“那次聚会以失败告终,我宁愿没参加”。would rather （not)have done表示的是过去发生的情况。 10。由题意可知，此处应用oughtnt to，表示“不应该”。 11。由he has known about it already可知，此处应用needn't，表示“没有必要”。 12。 dont have to表示“不必”。 13. should常用在形容词sorry， anxious， happy， delighted等后接的that从句中，表示“竟，会”等意义. 15.had Bob walked farther相当于if Bob had walked farther.在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略if时要把had， should， were等提到句首. 16。 ought to have done表示“过去本来应该做某事而事实上并没有做到”。 17. “Its（high或about） time”后所接从句时，从句谓语动词常用过去式。 18. 问句中情态动词could表示委婉客气。 19. 题意为“他们竟然对此事一无所知，真令人奇怪”。“It's strange，possible.+that从句”的句型中，从句谓语常用“should+动词原形”。 20。 can（could）have done表示对过去发生情况的可能性推测,常用于否定句或疑问句中。 21。 must be doing表示对现在正发生情况的肯定推测。 22。 suggest， order， demand， request等表示建议或命令等的动词后接宾语从句，从句谓语常用“should（常省略）+动词原形”。 23。 if only表示“但愿”。如果表示现在的愿望，句中谓语动词常用过去式；如果表示将来的愿望，句中谓语动词常用“would（could）+动词原形”;如果表示过去的愿望，句中谓语动词常用“had+过去分词”。 24. will表示“愿意”. 25。 mustnt表示“禁止”。 26。 表示与现在的事实相反，从句用一般过去时，主句谓语常用“would，could，should,might+动词原形”. 27. had it been possible相当于if it had been possible.but分句是描述当时的事实，故用一般过去时态. 28。 at no time（在任何时候都不)位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。should表示“应该"。 29. 此处用can表示“一时之可能”. 31。 The door wont open。 这门打不开。will表示“功能”，可译为“能,行”。又如：Each classroom will seat 60 students. 每间教室能容纳60名学生. 32. may（might） have done表示对过去发生情况的可能性推测，常用于肯定句中。 33。 题意为：“在那个国家12岁以下的儿童在公共图书馆时必须（must）有成年人监护.” 34。 由judge（法官）一词可断定，此处有强制、命令的语气，故填shall。 36。 此处句意为：“难道我不能（cant）出去和汤姆玩一会儿吗？" 38. should表示“很可能”。 39。 neednt have done表示“本来不需要做某事而事实上已经做了”。 40。 must be表示对现在发生情况的肯定推测。英语语法专项习题-情态动词1（ ) 1 John_ come to see us tonight， but he isn't very sure yet。A。 may B. canC。 has to D。 must( ) 2 They _ do well in the exam。A。 can be able to B。 be able to C。 can able to D。 are able to（ ) 3 -May I take this book out?-No， you_.A. can't B。 may not C。 needn't D。 aren't（ ） 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.A。 can B。 must C。 dare D。 would（ ） 5 Can you speak Japanese？-No， I_。A. mustn't B。 can't C. needn't D. may not2( ) 1 -He_ be in the classroom, I think。-No， he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago。 A. can; may not B。 must; may not C。 may; cant D. may； mustnt( ) 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad？-Thanks, but you_， Ive had enough。A。 may not B。 must not C. can't D。 needn't（ ） 3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult。A. may B. must C. can D. need（ ） 4 He isnt at school。 I think he _ be ill. A。 can B. shall C。 must D。 has to（ ） 5 _ I take this one?A。 May B。 Will C. Are D. Do3（ ） 1 The children_ play football on the road.A。 can't B. can C. mustnt D. must( ) 2 You _ be late for school again next time。A。 mustn't B。 needn't C. dont have to D。 don't need to( ） 3 -Must I do my homework at once？ -No, you_。 A. needn't B。 mustnt C。 cant D。 may not4( ） 1 His arm is all right。 He_ go and see the doctor。A。 has not to B. don't have to C。 havent to D。 doesn't have to（ ） 2 He had to give up the plan, _ he?A. did B。 didnt C. does D。 doesn't( ) 3 They had to walk here, _ they?A. mustnt B。 did C。 didnt D. hadnt5（ ） 1 He had better stay here, _ he?A。 didnt B. dont C。 hadn't D. isn't( ) 2 Youd better_late next time。A。 not to be B。 not be C. won't be D. dont be（ ） 3 Youd better _ your hair _ once a month。A。 had; cut B. had； cutted C. have; cut D。 have； cutted（ ） 4 You_ ask that man over there。 Maybe he knows the way。 A。 had better not to B。 had not better C。 had better D. had better not6( ) 1 Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday？A。 Here you are B。 Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D。 Let me try( ) 2 -Why don't you ask Mike to go with us？ Thanks， _。A。 I will B。 I won't C. lean D。 I may（ ） 3 -_ I take the newspaper away?No, you mustnt. You_read it only here.A. Must; can B。 May; can C. Need; must D。 Must; must7（ ） 1 Excuse me。 _ you please pass me that cup？A。 Do B。 Should C。 Would D. Must( ） 2 _ you like to have another try?A. Could B。 Will C. Would D. Do（ ) 3 -Would you like to go boating with us？Yes， _.A。 I'd like B. I want C。 I'd like to D。 I do8（ ） 1 You_ worry about your son。 He will get well soon.A。 needn't B。 can't C. mustn't D. have to( ) 2 The poor man needs our help， _ he?A. need B. neednt C. does D. doesnt（ ） 3 Must we do our homework first？No, you_. You may have a rest first。A。 mustn't B。 needn't C.
