构词法课件--高中英语专题复习.pptx

word formation 构构词词法法GuessGuess热点词汇热点词汇1.suspected case :疑似病例2.confirmed case:确诊病例3.abnormal body temperature:异常体温4.temperature screening:体温筛查5.be discharged 解除隔离6.already cured:治愈7.medical assistance:医疗援助8.medical inspection 医学检查9.chest tightness:胸闷10.novel coronavirus:新型冠状病毒 英语主要有三种构词法英语主要有三种构词法:1.1.派生派生(Derivation):Derivation):2.2.合成合成(Compounding):Compounding):3.3.转化转化(Conversion)Conversion)通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg.happy-eg.happy-ununhappy(happy(加前缀加前缀)-happihappinessness(加后缀加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg.wood(eg.wood(木木)+)+cut(cut(刻刻)-)-woodcut(woodcut(木刻木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg.water(n.)eg.water(n.)水水 -water(v.)water(v.)浇水浇水派生法派生法构成单词三元素：词根、前缀、后缀构成单词三元素：词根、前缀、后缀词性后缀方向前缀中心意义 词根加前缀加前缀(prefix)un+happy=unhappy in+correct=incorrect加后缀加后缀(suffix)happy+ly=happily use+ful=useful 加前后缀加前后缀 un+happy+ly=unhappily im+press+ive=mpressiveAffixation注意注意:前缀一般只改变词义前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类不改变词类;后缀一般只改后缀一般只改变词类变词类,不引起词义变化不引起词义变化(派生派生)通过加前后缀形成新词通过加前后缀形成新词1)1)1)1)纯否定前缀纯否定前缀纯否定前缀纯否定前缀in-dis-dishonest,dislike,disagree,distrust,discomfort,discover,disadvantageinability;independent,informal,im-impossible;impatient,impoliteil-illegal;illogical;illiterateir-irregular;irresponsiblenon-nonsense;non-smoker;non-violentun-unable;unhappy;unemployment;unusually;unexpected;untiring一一.表示否定意义的前缀表示否定意义的前缀 2)2)2)2)表示反动作意义的前缀表示反动作意义的前缀表示反动作意义的前缀表示反动作意义的前缀un-unload,uncover;undress;unlock;unpack;untie dis-disarm,disconnect 3)3)3)3)表示错误意义的前缀表示错误意义的前缀表示错误意义的前缀表示错误意义的前缀mis-mistake,mislead,mistrust,misunderstanding4)4)4)4)常见的表示特定意义的前缀。常见的表示特定意义的前缀。常见的表示特定意义的前缀。常见的表示特定意义的前缀。=between之间的，相互的之间的，相互的interinternational;interactiontele远，远距离远，远距离telephone,telegraph,televisiontelescopeco 共同，合作共同，合作coworker,cooperate super超级超级supermarket,superstar,superman跨越，从跨越，从到到transtransfusion,transplant,transportsub下面的下面的subwaybio生命，生物生命，生物biology,bioengineering,biophysicsee-mail,e-school电子的电子的=underen 使处于使处于境地；使可能境地；使可能encourage enlargeex=former以前的以前的ex-president;ex-husband;ex-wifeover=too much 过分的过分的overfull(太满的太满的)；overstudyovercarfulunder=below 不足；在下面不足；在下面underdeveloped；undergrounden 使处于使处于境地；使可能境地；使可能encourage enlarge“找人找人”：1.-ar/-er/-or做的人2.-ee(动词)的受动者 3.-ess女性；雌性4.-ist专业人员，专家；主义者5.-(i)an地方的人；精通的人 6.-ant/-ent做的人-The more,the better!二：名二：名词后后缀teach:_teacher _visit:_visitor _lie _ liar_ 教学教学参观参观撒谎撒谎教学的人、教师教学的人、教师参观的人参观的人撒谎的人撒谎的人er/or/ar:.的人的人payee:_ _ trainee:_ _employee:_ _ 付款付款 受动者受动者培训培训 受动者受动者雇用雇用 受动者受动者受款人受款人,收款人收款人接受培训者接受培训者受雇者受雇者-ee:.的受动者的受动者art:_ artist _ wait _ waitress _music:_ musician _艺术艺术等待等待音乐音乐艺术家艺术家女侍者女侍者音乐家音乐家ist:专业人员、专家专业人员、专家ess:女性女性(i)an:.的地方的人的地方的人-ant/-ent做做的人的人accountant:_ _ consultant:_ _ assistant:_ _ 账账 人人咨询咨询 人人协助协助 人人会计师会计师顾问顾问助理助理-ure/-ture/-ature十大明星名词后缀十大明星名词后缀-th-ance/-ence-sion/-tion-ment-cyage-al-ity/-ty/-y-ness-1/2th./age.的状态的状态warm:_warmth _ true _ truth _ short_shortage _ 温暖的温暖的正确的正确的 短的短的温暖温暖事实；真理事实；真理短缺短缺3.-ity/ty/-y 的状态；的状态；的事物的事物similarity:_ _ curiosity:_ _discovery:_ _ 相似的相似的状态状态/事物事物好奇的好奇的状态状态/事物事物发现发现状态状态/事事物物相似性；相似点相似性；相似点 好奇心；珍品好奇心；珍品发现；被发现的事物发现；被发现的事物4.-ance/-ence 的动作；的动作；的状的状 态；态；的性质的性质appearance:_ _ preference:_ _guidance:_ _出现出现的动作的动作更喜欢更喜欢的状态的状态 指导指导的状态的状态出现，到来出现，到来偏爱偏爱指导，引导指导，引导5.-sion/-tion 的行为；的行为；的状态；的状态；的结果的结果explosion:_ _ imagination:_ _ satisfaction:_ _ 爆炸爆炸 结果结果想象想象 行为行为/结果结果满意满意 状态状态爆炸爆炸想象；想象力想象；想象力满意满意6.-ment 的动作；的动作；的结果的结果achieve(v 达到；获得成功)+ment _ arrangement(n 安排安排)commit(v 做出保证；投放)+ment _ commitment(n 承诺承诺；投入投入)arrange(v 安排)+ment _ achievement(n 达成达成；成就成就)sign(v 签名；签字)+ature _ mix(v 混合)+ture _ mixture(n 混合；混合物混合；混合物)expose(v 使暴露；揭发)+ure _ signature(n 署名；签名署名；签名)7.-ure/-ture/-ature 的行为；的行为；的结果的结果exposure(n 暴露；揭发暴露；揭发)survive(v 幸存)+al _ approve(v 批准；赞成)+al _ approval(n 批准；赞成批准；赞成)arrive(v 到来；到达)+al _ survival(n 幸存幸存)arrival(n 到来；到达到来；到达)8.-al 的动作；的动作；的过程的过程9.-cy 的性质；的性质；的状态的状态accuracy:_ _ frequency:_ _ fluency:_ _ 准确的准确的 性质性质频繁的频繁的 性质性质/状态状态流利的流利的 状态状态准确性；准确度准确性；准确度频繁；发生率频繁；发生率流利；流畅流利；流畅10.-ness 的状态的状态aware:_ _ cold:_ _ 意识到的意识到的 状态状态寒冷的；冷淡的寒冷的；冷淡的 状态状态认识；意识认识；意识寒冷；冷淡寒冷；冷淡-able可可的；能的；能的的bearable;eatable;changeable-ish 似的；略带似的；略带的的childish(孩子气的；幼稚的孩子气的；幼稚的);boyishfulhopeful harmful helpful.的的三三.常见形容词后缀常见形容词后缀al .的的national personal natural-iblehonorible;terrible;具有具有.性质的；处于性质的；处于.状态的状态的-ive有有.倾向的；有倾向的；有.性质的性质的active effective-ous具有具有.的的famous cautious humorous-y充满充满.的的tasty healthy dirty1 1 1 1)动词后缀动词后缀动词后缀动词后缀-ize使成为使成为；变成；变成realize;-fy使使化化beautify,simplify2)2)2)2)副词后缀副词后缀副词后缀副词后缀-lypossibly,simply-ward(s)向向.downward,upward四四.其它后缀其它后缀高考链接高考链接1.2019全国2We are so proud of her.Its _70_(wonder).”2.2019全国3When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with usmany_67_(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were _68_(huge)popular with tourists.4.2019北京卷Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 （meaning）college experience.5.2019浙江卷Other American studies showed no _64_(connect)between uniforms and school performance.6.2019浙江卷School uniforms are _65 _(tradition)in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools dont have a uniform policy.However,uniforms are still popular.Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.7.2019全国1卷It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor)studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.8.2018全国1卷The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise its probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.9.2018全国1卷Running is cheap,easy and its always 69 (energy)10.2018全国2卷This switch has decreased 66 (pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.答案：答案：wonderful competition traditional hugely meaningfulconnection(s)traditional poorly strengthen energetic pollution