独立主格课件-高三英语二轮复习.pptx

高考二轮复习 独立主格独立主格定义：独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”，在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。独立主格结构不是主谓完整的简单句，而只是一个短语。结构：名词/名词短语/代词+名词/不定式/ing分词/ed分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。名词前也可以加with。功能：独立主格还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。有时还可以做定语。1)表示时间表示时间The meeting being over,all of us went home.开完会后我们都回家了。the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was over2）表示条件表示条件 The condition being favorable,he may succeed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。the condition being favorable相当于If the condition is favorable3）表示原因表示原因There being no taxis,we had to walk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。There being no taxis相当于Since there was no taxi，4）表示伴随情况表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all.)5）表示补充说明表示补充说明We redoubled our efforts,each man working like two.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。*注：注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。独立主格独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分现在分词词We shall play the match tomorrow,weather permitting.明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。The monitor being ill,wed better put the meeting off.班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。独立主格独立主格类型2：名词（代词）+过去分过去分词词The job finished,we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。The last bus gone,we had to walk home.最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。独立主格独立主格类型3：名词（代词）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow,we will have to put off the meeting till next week.如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。类型4：名词（代词）+介词短语介词短语The soldiers dashed in,rifle in hand.士兵们端着枪冲了进来。A girl came in,book in hand.一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。独立主格独立主格类型5：名词（代词）+形容词或副词He sat in the front row,his mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半开着。She sat at the table,collar off,head down,and pen in position,ready to begin the long letter.她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。独立主格独立主格类型6：There being+名词（代词）There being nothing else to do,we went home.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。There being no further business,I declare the meeting closed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。独立主格独立主格类型7：It being+名词（代词）名词（代词）It being Christmas,the government offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。It being a holiday,all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。1）名词/代词+形容词It stood silent in the noon sunlight,its door open.它的门敞开着，立在正午的阳光下。2）名词/代词+现在分词The men moved slowly forward,neck deep in the water,with their officers guiding them.在长官的带领下，这些男人在齐脖深的水里慢慢地前进着。3）名词/代词+过去分词“Marquis,”said the boy,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide,and his right hand raised.“侯爵，”男孩睁大了眼睛，举起右手，对那个男人说道。4）名词/代词+介词短语The huntsman entered the forest,gun in hand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。He sat at the table,coat off,head down,and pen in hand.他坐在桌旁，外套脱了，头低着，钢笔拿在手中。5）名词/代词+副词Nobody in,the thief took a lot of things away.没人在家，贼偷走了很多东西。Lunch over,he left the house.But he was thinking.吃过午饭后，他离开了家。但他在沉思默想。6）名词/代词+名词He fought the wolf,a stick his only weapon.他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。7）with+名词+分词（或形容词、副词、不定式等）He was asleep with his head on his arms.他枕着自己的胳膊入眠。8）名词/代词+不定式Here are the first two volumes,the third one to come out next month.这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。