大学英语仔细阅读与快速阅读课件.ppt

ReadinginDepthPassage1Passage2Passage3Passage4Passage5Passage6Passage7Passage8Passage9Passage10SkimmingandScanningPassage1Passage2Passage3Passage4Passage5Passage6 Passage 1 Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsareprophetic（预言的）becauseafewhavecometrue;theyneglectorfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.Consideralsothebeliefthat“thephonealwaysringswhenImintheshower.”Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesntring,thatnoneventprobablywontevenregister（留下印象）.Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths“happeninthrees.”Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatcountsastheir“happeningtogether”isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchellingexplains,“Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy,”Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautious（谨慎的）indrawingconclusions.The“evidence”ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorstatesthat_.A)dreamscannotbesaidtobepropheticeventhoughafewhavecometrue.B)dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrue.C)dreams may come true if clearlyremembered.D)dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated.2.By“things like”“happen in threes”(Para.3),the author indicates that people believe _.A)personal misfortunes tend to happen every now and then.B)personal misfortunes,plane crashes,and deaths usually happen together.C)misfortunes tend to occur according to certain patterns.D)misfortunes will never occur more than three times to a person in his lifetime.3.Theword“courtesy”(Para.4)probablymeans_.A)goodmannersB)appropriatespeechC)friendlyrelationsD)satisfactoryservice4.What can be inferred from the passage?A)Happenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.B)In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.C)People tend to make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.D)Believers of misfortunes happening in threes are cautious in interpreting events.5.It can be concluded from the passage that _.A)there is some truth even in the wildest dreams.B)one should take notice of other peoples merits.C)there is no order or pattern in world events.D)we should not base our conclusions on accidental evidence.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:IthasbeenthoughtandsaidthatAfricansarebornwithmusicaltalent.BecausemusicissoimportantinthelivesofmanyAfricansandbecausesomuchmusicisperformedinAfrica,weareinclinedtothinkthatallAfricansaremusicians.Theimpressionisstrengthenedwhenwelookatourselvesandfindthatwehavebecomelargelyasocietyofmusicalspectators（旁观）.Musicisimportanttous,butmostofuscanbeconsideredconsumersratherthanproducersofmusic.Wehaverecords,television,concerts,andradiotofulfillmanyofourmusicalneeds.Inmostsituationswheremusicisperformedinourcultureitisnotdifficulttodistinguishtheaudiencefromtheperformers,butsuchisoftennotthecaseinAfrica.AlbanAyipaga,aKasenasemiprofessionalmusicianfromnorthernGhana,saysthatwhenhisflute（长笛）anddrumensemble（歌舞团）isperforming.“Anybodycantakepart”.Thisistrue,butKasenamusiciansrecognizethatnotallpeopleareequallycapableoftakingpartinthemusic.Somecansingalongwiththedrummers,butrelativelyfewcandrumandevenfewercanplaytheflutealongwiththeensemble.ItisfairlycommoninAfricafortheretobeanensembleofexpertmusicianssurroundedbyotherswhojoininbyclapping,singing,orsomehowaddingtothetotalityofmusicalsound.Performancesoftentakeplaceinanopenarea(thatis,notonastage)andsothelinesbetweentheperformingnucleusandtheadditionalperformers,activespectators,andpassivespectatorsmaybedifficulttodrawfromourpointofview.6.ThedifferencebetweenusandAfricans,asfarasmusicisconcerned,isthat_.A)mostofusareconsumerswhilemostofthemareproducersofmusic.B)we are musical performers and they aresemiprofessionalmusicians.C)mostofusarepassivespectatorswhiletheyareactivespectators.D)we are the audience and they are theadditionalperformers.7.Theword“such”(Line9)referstothefactthat_.A)musicisperformedwiththeparticipationoftheaudience.B)musicisperformedwithouttheparticipationoftheaudience.C)peopletendtodistinguishtheaudiencefromtheperformers.D)peoplehaverecords,televisionsetsandradiotofulfilltheirmusicalneeds.8.The author of the passage implies that_.A)allAfricansaremusicalandthereforemuchmusicisperformedinAfrica.B)notallAfricansarebornwithmusicaltalentalthoughmusicisimportantintheirlives.C)mostAfricansarecapableofjoininginthemusicbyplayingmusicalinstruments.D)mostAfricansperformaswellasprofessionalmusicians.9.Theword“nucleus”(Line16)probablyrefersto_.A)musiciansfamousinAfricaB)musiciansatthecenterofattentionC)musiciansactingasthecoreinaperformanceD)activeparticipantsinamusicalperformance10.The best title for this passage would be_.A)TheImportanceofMusictoAfricanPeopleB)Differences Between African Music andMusicofOtherCountries.C)The Relationship Between Musicians andTheirAudience.D)ACharacteristicFeatureofAfricanMusicalPerformances.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughourageexceedsallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrespondingincreaseinwisdom.Butagreementceasesassoonasweattempttodefine“wisdom”andconsidermeansofpromotingit.Thereareseveralfactorsthatcontributetowisdom.OfthereIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecialknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechnicians.Suppose,forexample,thatyouareengagedinresearchinscientificmedicine.Theworkisdifficultandislikelytoabsorbthewholeofyourmid.Youhavenotimetoconsidertheeffectwhichyourdiscoveriesorinventionsmayhaveoutsidethefieldofmedicine.Yousucceed(letussay)asmodernmedicinehassucceeded,inenormouslyloweringtheinfantdeath-rate,notonlyinEuropeandAmerica,butalsoinAsiaandAfrica.Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandloweringthestandardoflifeinthepartsoftheworldthathavethegreatestpopulations.Totakeanevenmoredramaticexample,whichisineverybodysmindatthepresenttime;youstudythemakeupoftheatomfromadisinterested（无利害关系的）desireforknowledge,andbychanceplaceinthehandsofapowerfulmadmanthemeansofdestroyingthehumanrace.Therefore,witheveryincreaseofknowledgeandskill,wisdombecomesmorenecessary,foreverysuchincreaseaugments（增强）ourcapacityforrealizingourpurposes,andthereforeaugmentsourcapacityforevil,ifourpurposesareunwise.11.Disagreementariseswhenpeopletrytodecide_.A)how much more wisdom we have no thanbefore.B)whatwisdomisandhowtodevelopit.C)ifthereisagreatincreaseofwisdominourage.D)whether wisdom can be developed or not.12.Accordingtotheauthor,“wisdom”istheabilityto_.A)carefullyconsiderthebadeffectsanykindofresearchworkB)give each important problem some carefulconsiderationC)acquireagreatdealofcomplexandspecialknowledgeD)givesuitableconsiderationtoallthepossibleelementsinaproblem13.Loweringtheinfantdeath-ratemay_.A)provetobehelpfuleverywhereintheworldB)give rise to an increase in population inEurope.C)causefoodshortagesinAsiaandAfricaD)raise the living standard of the people inAfrica.14.Theauthorusestheexamplesinthepassagetoillustratehispointthat_.A)its extremely difficult to consider all theimportantelementsinproblemB)successinmedicalresearchhasitsnegativeeffectsC)scientistsmayunknowinglycausedestructiontothehumanrace.D)itsunwisetobetotallyabsorbedinresearchinscientificmedicine15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)It is unwise to place the results of scientificresearchinthehandsofapowerfulmadman.B)Themoreknowledgeonehas,thewiseronebecomes.C)Anyincreaseofknowledgecouldleadtodisastrousresultswithouttheguidanceofwisdom.D)WisdomincreasesinproportiontoonesagePassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:ForanygiventaskinBritaintherearemorementhanareneeded.Strongunionskeepthemunionsquarreloverthreejobs,theargumentissettledbygivingeachuniontwo.Thatmeans33percentovermanning,33percentlessproductivitythancouldbeobtained.AreporterwhohasvisitedplantsthroughoutEuropehasanimpressionthatthepaceofworkinmuchslowerhere.Nobodytriestohard.Teabreaksdomatterandarefrequent.Itishardtomeasureintensityofwork,butBritonsgiveadistinctimpressionofgoingattheirtasksinamoreleisurelyway.Butisallthissoterrible?Itcertainlydoesnotimprovethegrossnationalproductoroutputperworker.Thoseobservantvisitors,however,havenoticedsomethingelseaboutBritain.Itisapleasantplace.StreetcrowdsinStockholm.ParisandNewYorkmovequicklyandsilentlyheadsdown,allinahurry.Londoncrowdstendtowalkataneasypace(exceptintheprofitable,efficientCity,thefinancialdistrict).EverystrangerisstruckbythepatientandorderlywayinwhichBritonsqueueforabus:ifthesaleswomanisslowandoutofstockshewilllikelysay,Ohdear,whatapity;therubbishcollectorsstoptochat（聊天）andcallthehousewives“Luv”.CrimeriseshereasineverycitybuttherestillremainsagentletoneandtemperthatisunmatchedinBerlin,MilanorDetroit.Inshort,whatiswrongwithBritainmayalsobewhatisright.Havingreachedatolerablestandard,Britonsappeartobechoosingleisureovergoods.16.WhathappenswhendisputesoverjobopportunitiesariseamongBritishunions?A)Thirtythreepercentoftheworkerswillbeoutofwork.B)Morepeoplewillbeemployedthannecessary.C)Morejobswillbecreatedbythegovernment.D)Theunionswilltrytoincreaseproductivity17.What does the reporter who has visited plantsthroughoutEuropethinkaboutBritain?A)TeabreaksdonotaffecttheintensityofworkinBritain.B)Britonsdotheirworkinanunhurriedsortofway.C)ThepaceofworkincontinentalEuropeismuchslowthaninBritainD)Britons give the impression of workingintensively.18.“Teabreaksmatter”(para.2,Line2)indicatesthat_.A)they are an important aspect of the Britishwayoflife.B)theyaregreatlyenjoyedbyBritishworkers.C)theycanbeusedbytheworkersasanexcusetotaketimeofffromwork.D)theyhelptheworkerstobeongoodtermswitheachother.19.Theword“this”(Para.3,Line1)referstothefactthat_.A)therearemoremenonanygivenjobthanareneededB)33percentovermanningleadsto33percentlessproductivity.C)itisdifficulttomeasuretheintensityofworkD)Britons generally do not want to work toohard.20.By“what is wrong with Britain may also hewhatisright”(Para.6,Line1)theauthormeanstosaythat_.A)quarrelsbetweenunionswillhelpcreatejobsB)aleisurelywayoflifehelpsBritonsincreaseproductivityC)thegentletoneandtemperofthepeopleinBritainmakesitapleasantplaceD)Britons will not sacrifice their leisure tofurtherincreaseproductivity.Keysto1-201.B 2.C3.A4.D 5.A6.C7.A 8.A9.B10.C11.B12.D 13.A14.C 15.A16.A17.B18.D19.D20.CPassage5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.At first sight the planet Mars(火星)does notappearverywelcometoanykindoflife.Ithasverylittleoxygenandwater,thetemperatureatnightisbelow-50Candwindsof100milesperhour cause severe dust storms.However,thesurfaceoftheplanetseemstoshowthatwaterflowedacrossitatsometimeinthepast,anditisbelievedthatthereisenoughiceatthepolestocovertheplanetwithwaterifitmelted.AlthoughthereisnolifeontheMarsnow,somescientiststhinkthattheremayhavebeensomeformoflifea long time ago.At that time,the planet hadactive volcanoes;the atmosphere was thickerand warmer;and there was water.In fact,insomewaysMarsmayhavebeensimilartotheEarth,wherelifeexists.SomepeoplebelievethattheMarscouldsupportlife in the future if the right conditions wereproduced.The first step would be to warm theplanetusingcertaingaseswhichtraptheSunsheat in the planets atmosphere.With warmth,water and carbon dioxide,simple plants couldbegin to grow.These plants could slowly maketheMarshabitable.Itisestimatedthatthewholeprocess might take between 100,000 and200,000 years.In the meantime,people couldbegin to live on the planet in special closedenvironments.TheywouldprovidealotofusefulinformationaboutconditionsontheMarsandtheproblemsconnectedwithlivingthere.21.SomescientiststhinktheremayhavebeenlifeontheMarsinthepastbecause_.A)thereisnolifetherenowB)thereisalargeamountofwateratthepolesC)conditionsmayhavebeensimilartothoseontheEarthD)theMarsmaybeabletosupportlifeinthefuture22.TherecouldbelifeontheMarsinthefutureif_.A)itsupportedlifeinthepastB)certaingasesareusedtocooltheplanetC)the atmosphere can be heated enough togrowsimpleplantsD)theplanetsvolcanoesbecomeasactiveastheywereinthepast23.PeoplemaybeabletoliveontheMars_.A)withinthenext200,000yearsB)only200,000yearsfromnowC)only150,000yearsfromnowD)as soon as the planet becomes coolenough24.The authors attitude towards thepossibility of life on the Mars in thefutureis_.A)doubtfulB)indifferentC)positiveD)negative25.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_.A)TheMarsandtheEarthB)FutureConditionsontheMarsC)ThePossibilityofLifeontheMarsD)AStudyoftheClimateoftheMars Passage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In the West,cartoons are used chiefly to make people In the West,cartoons are used chiefly to make people laugh.The important feature of all these cartoons is the laugh.The important feature of all these cartoons is the joke and the element of surprise it contained.Even joke and the element of surprise it contained.Even though it is very funny,however,a good cartoon is though it is very funny,however,a good cartoon is always based on close observation of a particular feature always based on close observation of a particular feature of life and usually has a serious purpose.of life and usually has a serious purpose.Cartoons in the West have been associated with political Cartoons in the West have been associated with political and social matters for many years.In wartime,for and social matters for many years.In wartime,for example,they proved to be an excellent way of example,they proved to be an excellent way of spreading propaganda(spreading propaganda(宣传宣传).Nowadays cartoons are).Nowadays cartoons are often used to make short,sharp comments on politics often used to make short,sharp comments on politics and government as well as on a variety of social matters.and government as well as on a variety of social matters.In this way,the modern cartoon has become a very In this way,the modern cartoon has become a very powerful force in influencing people in Europe and the powerful force in influencing people in Europe and the United StatesUnited States.Unlike Unlike most most American American and and European European cartoons,cartoons,however,however,many many Chinese Chinese cartoon cartoon drawings drawings in in the the past past have have also also attempted attempted to to educate educate people,people,especially especia