英文翻译-基于单片机的LED点阵显示屏的设计.doc

原 文题目：LED dot matrix screen design based on MCU As a popular display device component, LED dot-matrix display board consists of several independent LED (Light Emitting Diode). The LED dot-matrix display board can display the number or sign, and it is usually used to show time, speed, the state of system etc. This paper introduces a kind of simple 1632 LED display screen design process based on STC89C52 single chip minicomputer . The detail hardware scheme, software flow and C language programmer design and so on is followed. The display part can be cascaded to meet the need. The practice proves the design is low-cost and effective. First of all know of LED dot matrix, the so-called of LED dot matrix is LED to more array in a way device, can be divided into monochrome, double-color, three kinds of color. According to the arrangement of polarity LED into type of Yin and Yang type two kinds. According to the matrix each line or each column contains the number of different LED, and can be divided into 5 x7, 8 x 8, 16 × 16 type etc. One of the LED's pin regular connection, divided into type of Yin and Yang of type 8 x8 LED array. Usually the control including glyph LED control (display what characters) and a control (what a display). In the static display mode, each a display of the form the line is independent, respectively, received a eight I/O mouth, the word a line also connected to another I/O mouth. When want to display a character, make corresponding LED light can. Now a lot of billboards would do this. This kind of low cost and easy to implement.Dynamic display of use of or more extensive, dynamic display is a a turn LED light, in every time only a display in the work (light), but because of the human eye for a visual effect and leds extinguishing rays, will appear more characters "and" showing that the phenomenon. That in every moment, all LED to show the same characters will, to each show the different characters, they must use scanning methods in turn LED light you, that in every moment is a particular display character, in this moment, broken choose control I/O ports output corresponding characters chosen code (font code). And a selected control I/O mouth in the displaying a send in electricity flat in order to ensure the corresponding character position shows. So take turns, make each timeshare shows that this position should be display character. For example to show LL0-220, I/O 1 and the I/O 2 take turns into the period of choose code, a selected code and show the state. Choose a code, section choose yards into a delay each 1 ms, because the person's vision for a time a 100 ms, so each show time intervals not more than 20 ms, and keep the delay for a period of time, to temporarily leave cause visual effect, give a person looks in each LED light, and display different content. LED the array of showing the way according to display data coding is the order and a line to display. With high state scanning as an example, if want to show the first line, the first will first line display data () sent to the LED the array of listed pin, again will "" scanning signals sent to LED the array of line pin, can show the first line, this time the other will not display. Likewise, if you want to show the second line, it will be done to the second display data () sent to the LED the array of listed pin, again will "" scanning signals sent to LED the array of line pin, can show the second line, this time the other will not show.51 MCU has four I/O interface, often the control equipment many external, when the four interface is not enough to use, often external many expansion of equipment used in connection with external chip, here, of LED dot matrix display cannot directly to the I/O mouth, you need through the expanded chip and 8051 connection.Some of the problems about the font, first have a take font software, it can be one of the Chinese characters and image is decomposed into their respective font, font is the LED screen when displayed by the need to invoke dictionaries, through the modification to revise the word to the content of the show. Take font software has a lot of. You can also download on the net. The software and many functions, transverse take font can undertake right movement, vertical mold can take to move up or down, and so on.How to control the font and rolling rolling speed, font is the continuous rolling screen display, then first have to know how to display a screen: a screen (full screen) display is displayed by line, quickly. Make the person produces the visual error, feel the entire screen is in the light. In the show by line, show the one line to delay for a while. Here the delay time to determine the t1 shows the time of each screen, that is the dynamic display of speed). 16 × 16 bitmap screen, for example, the first to perform on display, delay, a total of 16 line shows. Then the 16 line that repeated several times, to better see the screen display. (here several times of the number of times the n1 also decided to display the speed). And change the delay time or the number of repeat t1 that can change the rolling n1 speed, when increase the two value, the scrolling speed will slow down, reducing the when two value, the scrolling speed can be accelerated. The font displayed by the principle for screen, a font of by how much screen, is how many of the display screen.Since 2000, the LED lawn lamp, traffic light, flashlight, floor lamp, landscape lamp began to enter the market, through the development in recent years, the scale more growth. From the application for the development of the product, the first thing is to put the new application developed. April 2008 in Frankfurt, Germany, in the lighting show on 80 companies using Luxe on function device developed application products. However, thinking about what the product development, must play LED itself from aspects of advantages, such as from its long life, moistureproof, bear the vibration characteristics, can develop indoor lighting, museum, safety becon light export symbol lamp, flashlight; From focusing the gender is good, characteristics, can develop thin form lamps, small desk lamp, advertising light box, stage lights and coal mine lamp; Low voltage, quick drive from the characteristic, can develop a flashlight, maintenance lamp, buried lights, lawn lamp light and water.Red, pure green, pure blue LED tube pouring into China, while domestic enterprise further research and development work, use red, green, blue tricolor LED the production of full color displays are widely used, entered the stadium, exhibition center, square and other public places, and the domestic big screen into a full-color era.The present system for using AT89S51 matrix LED display system, the advantage lies in the realization of simple circuit, cost is low. If the system is in need of greater character display library, only need to expand AVR RAM or EEPROM, and with more communication MCU AVR can. Of course, then need to pay attention to data writing time problem, so as to avoid the display of synchronization. 译 文题目：基于单片机的LED点阵显示屏的设计 LED点阵显示屏作为一种新兴的显示器件,是由多个独立的LED发光二极管封装而成. LED点阵显示屏可以显示数字或符号, 通常用来显示时间、速度、系统状态等。文章给出了一种基于STC89C52单片机的16×32 点阵LED显示屏的设计方案。包括系统具体的硬件设计方案,软件流程图和部分C语言程序等方面。在负载范围内, 只需通过简单的级联就可以对显示屏进行扩展,是一种成本低廉的图文显示方案。首先认识LED点阵，所谓LED点阵就是将多个LED以阵列方式排成一个器件，可分为单色、双色、三色三种。依LED的极性排列分为共阳型和共阴型两种类型。根据矩阵每行或每列所含LED个数的不同，又可分为5×7、8×8、16×16等类型。其中的LED的引脚有规律的连接，分为共阳型和共阴型8×8LED阵列。通常LED 的控制包括字形控制（显示什么字符）和位控制（哪些位显示）。在静态显示方式下，每一位显示的字形控制线是独立的，分别接到一个8位I/O口上，字位控制线也连接到另一个I/O口上。当想显示一个字符时，让相应的LED点亮即可。现在很多的广告牌都是这样做的。这种造价低也容易实现。 动态显示用的还是比较广泛的，所谓动态显示就是一位一位的轮流点亮LED，在每一时刻只有一位显示器在工作（点亮），但由于人眼的视觉暂留效应和发光二极管熄灭时的余辉，将出现多个字符“同时”显示的现象。即在每一瞬间，所有LED会显示相同的字符，要想每位显示不同的字符，就必须采用扫描方法轮流点亮各位LED，即在每一瞬间只使某一位显示字符，在此瞬间，断选控制I/O口输出相应字符选码（字型码）。而位选则控制I/O口在该显示位送入选通电平，以保证该位显示相应字符。如此轮流，使每位分时显示该位应显示字符。例如要显示LL0-220时，I/O 1和I/O 2轮流送入段选码、位选码及显示状态。段选码、位选码每送入一次延时1ms,因为人的视觉暂留时间位100ms，所以每位显示的时间间隔不能超过20ms，并保持延时一段时间，以造成视觉暂留效果，给人看上去每个LED都在亮，且显示不同的内容。LED阵列的显示方式就是按显示数据编码的顺序，一行一行地显示。以高态扫描为例，若要显示第一行，则先将第一行的显示数据（）送至LED阵列的列引脚，再将“”扫描信号送至LED阵列的行引脚，即可显示第一行，此时其他行并不显示。同样地，若要显示第二行，则先将第二行的显示数据（）送至LED阵列的列引脚，再将“”扫描信号送至LED阵列的行引脚，即可显示第二行，此时其他行并不显示51单片机有四个I/O接口,经常外接许多的控制设备，当这四个接口不够使用时，经常外接许多扩展芯片用于连接外部的设备，在这里，LED点阵显示屏就不能直接接到I/O口上，就需要通过扩展芯片与8051连接。关于字模的一些问题，首先有一个取字模软件，可以吧一个个的汉字及图像分解为各自的字模，这些字模就是LED屏幕进行显示时所需要调用的字库，通过修改字库来修改所要显示的内容。取字模软件有很多。在网上也可以下载。该软件又有很多功能，横向取字模就可以进行左右移动，纵向取模可以进行上下移动等等。如何控制字体的滚动及滚动速度，字体的滚动是多屏的连续显示，那么首先要知道如何显示一屏：一屏（满屏）的显示是逐行进行显示的，速度很快。使人产生了视觉误差，感觉整个屏幕都在亮。在逐行进行显示时，显示完一行要延时一会。（这里的延时时间t1就决定了每屏的显示时间，即动态显示的速度）。以16×16点阵屏为例，首先要逐行进行显示、延时，共显示16行。然后再把这16行重复显示若干次，才能更好的看到一屏的显示。（这里的若干次的次数n1也决定了显示的速度）。而改变延时时间t1或重复显示的次数n1就可以改变滚动的速度，当增大这两个值时，滚动的速度会变慢，当减小这两个值时，滚动的速度会加快。字体的滚动显示原理为逐屏显示，一个字体由多少屏组成，就进行多少屏的显示。从2000年起，LED草坪灯、交通信号灯、手电筒、地板灯、景观灯等开始进入市场，经过近几年的发展，规模上有较大增长。从应用产品的开发来说，首先是要把新应用研制出来。2008年4月在德国法兰克福照明展上，展出了80家公司采用Luxeon功能器件开发出的应用产品。然而考虑开发什么产品时，一定要从发挥LED本身优点方面出发，如从它的长寿命、防潮、耐振动特性出发，可开发室内照明灯、博物馆投射灯、安全出口标志灯、手电筒；从聚光性好等特性出发，可开发薄形灯具、小台灯、广告灯箱、舞台灯和煤矿灯；从低电压、快速驱动特性出发，可开发手电筒、维修灯、埋地灯、草坪灯和水中灯。红、纯绿、纯蓝LED管大量涌入中国，同时国内企业进行了深入的研发工作，使用红、绿、蓝三原色LED生产的全彩色显示屏被广泛应用，大量进入体育场馆、会展中心、广场等公共场所，从而将国内的大屏幕带入全彩时代。系统对于目前这个利用AT89S51的点阵LED 显示系统，优点在于电路实现简单，成本较低。如果系统需要更大的字符显示库，只需要扩展AVR的RAM或EEPROM，并且用多个AVR单片机进行的通讯即可。当然，这时需要注意数据写入时间问题，以免造成显示的不同步。