大学英语六级考试短文写作技巧.doc

大学英语六级考试短文写作一、六级写作评分标准大学英语六级考试作文的目的旨在考核学生英语书面表达的能力。作文考试时间为30分钟, 要求写出不少于150个词的短文。六级考试作文的出题方式有：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。对作文的要求是：切题，文理通顺，表达正确，意思连贯，无重大语言错误。下面介绍六级考试作文的评分原则和标准，并通过五份样卷作一个详细说明。(一) 作文评分原则1.CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。2.CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores）,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分，一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。(二) 作文评分标准1. 本题满分为15分。2.阅卷标准共分五等: 2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。3. 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分），若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，即可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。4. 评分标准：2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。5. 字数不足应酌情扣分累计字数140-149130-139120-129110-119100-10990-9980-8979扣 分12345679注: 1.如题目中给出主题句, 起始句, 结束句, 均不得计入所写字数2.规定内容未写全者，按比例扣分。二、六级写作题型分类（一）对立观点型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The First sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是.2. 也有人持不同意见，.3. 我的看法和打算（二） 解决问题型Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Reduce Waste on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1 有些大学校园浪费的现象日益严重2 浪费的危害3 杜绝浪费，从我做起（三）谚语警句型Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 为什么“欲速则不达”？2. 举例说明。（四）图表图画型（五）应用写作型三、六级写作分类范文（一）对立观点型 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of College English Test (CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. A test of spoken English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden.In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.（二） 解决问题型Reduce Waste on Campus(a)Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that wasting has become a grave problem in many campuses. In the dining hall, much food are left in the plates and dumped into the trash can. In the classroom, blank or half blank pieces of paper are left on the desks. In the dorm building, taps are left open and water left running or dripping all the time. And there can be more such examples. In view of the expanding population and the shortage of various resources, wasting is really a harmful habit. It put strains on the already short supply of food, water, electricity and the like. Besides, it goes against traditional virtue of hard work and simple living and may leads to a luxurious life style, which is dangerous to the souls of mankind. Therefore, it is high time that we take steps to stop wasting. We should start from trifles around ourselves: remember to turn off the tap when we finish washing; try to order the exact amount of food we can consume; never throw away any blank or half blank pieces of paper. And always remember, a penny saved is a penny earned. （三）谚语警句型Haste Makes WasteA famous saying goes “Haste makes waste”, which means that one should do everything step by step. Even simple operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them, neglecting important stages in the process. One should make full preparations before beginning any task.Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. The best illustration might be English study. Without a good command of pronunciation, we can never hope to speak in an understandable way. Similarly, if we do not learn to spell properly and to acquire a basic grasp of grammar, we will never succeed in writing good compositions.(或Actually, history abounds with examples of haste making waste. A well-known Chinese fable goes that a farm tried to help the shoots grow by pulling them upward, only to find that they died soon. Another case in point is the so-called Great Leap Forward movement in China in 1950s and 1960s. At that time, the Chinese people were so eager to develop their economy that they took some improper measures, only to hinder the expansion of economy.)(或Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than the experience of my own. At the age of 11 or 12, I began to learn to ride. Eager to ride as well as others, I started by sitting on the saddle at the very beginning. Predictably, I often fell from over the bike. Lots of time had been wasted before I realized that I should do it step by step. I tried to slide by standing on one pedal. Then I began to ride the bike from under the cross bar. Finally, I succeeded. )In short, laying a solid foundation is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our lives. At every step, review what has been achieved and assess the problems ahead before moving to the next step. And remember, Rome was not built in a day.（四）图表图画型Reading PreferencesIt can be seen from the table that popular fiction is most popular with American students, accounting for 65.9% of book circulation in the library. General nonfiction comes next, taking up 18.2%, while books concerning science, technology and education take up only 10.8%. The least preferred category is that of art, literature and poetry, with a circulation rate of merely 5.1%.A number of factors could account for the reading preferences, but the following are the most critical ones. Firstly, popular fiction is fascinating to the young students. Secondly, books about science and technology are usually too complex and difficult to read. They often contain many special terms which most students cant understand. Finally, in todays market economy, much more emphasis is laid on practical and vocational books rather than arts or poetry. When it comes to me, poetry and art are my favorites. Such kind of books can nourish my mind, broaden my horizons and render me a fresh feeling. Reading a piece of good poetry tends to relieve my burden and lessen my tension, making me more creative and dynamic. It gets me into an imaginary world, fresh and beautiful. I just love it!（五）应用写作型A Letter to the Editor of a Newspaper June 20th, 2004Dear Mr. / Miss Editor,I am a student from Tsinghua University and I am writing to you about my experience of buying a dictionary and my complaint about the service of a bookstore. It was about a month ago. I went to a bookstore nearby the university to buy an English dictionary. It was only after I paid for the dictionary and returned to school that I found some pages were missing. But when I went back to the bookstore to tell them about the matter, they said that I should have checked the dictionary before I left the store. According to them, it was my fault and they hold no responsibility for the whole matter. What I want to say is that sincerity and enthusiasm are vital to the survival of service industries in such a market economy featured by fierce competition. It was quite easy for them to change the dictionary for me but they refused to do so. They will lose all customers if they persist in doing so. I hope that this letter can draw the attention of the whole society and that the problem can be solved as soon as possible. Best regards. Yours sincerely Li Ming（六）其他范文Don't Hesitate to Say NoAs a general rule, people like to help others, but there are occasions when you should say no to requests for favors. For instance, it is better to refuse when a child pesters you for sweet food and drinks or for too many toys. Another example is when a relative asks you to use your influence to get him or her a bank loan or a work promotion.However, we cannot ignore the fact that many people are reluctant to say no. They feel that if they turn down a request from a relative or friend, they will cause ill-feeling within the family or become unpopular with their acquaintances. A notable case in point is when the boss asks them to do something which they feel is unreasonable.It is important to keep in mind that not saying no when you should say no can sometimes have harmful consequences. If children are given everything they ask for, not only may their health be damaged, but they may grow up selfish and spoilt. Again, in the long run it is kinder to refuse to lend money to a person who has a gambling or alcoholism problem.四、段落写作练习（一）段落的展开PRACTICE WITH TOPIC SENTENCESThe topic sentence states the topic and a controlling idea concerning that topic. Look at the following example.People give many reasons for owning a car.The topic of the sentence is “owning a car.” The controlling idea is “reasons.” All the supporting ideas in the paragraph should be “reasons for owning a car.”The following phrases or ones similar to these can be used in your topic sentence to express the controlling idea:the reasons forthe causes of (the effects of)the steps for (the procedure for)the advantages of (the disadvantages of)the ways to (the methods of)the different sections (parts, kinds, types) ofthe characteristics (traits, qualities) ofthe problems ofthe precautions forthe changes to（二）段落的衔接Connective words or phrases can be used point out the thought relationship between sentences. Here is a list of some commonly used connectives:1) 表示列举或次序：first, firstly, first of all, above all, to begin with, in the first place, for one thing; second, secondly, in the second place, for another; finally, last but not least2) 表示递进：besides, plus, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, more important, most important3) 表示举例：for example, for instance, as an example, as an illustration, to illustrate, such as(介)4) 表示对比：similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important; on the contrary, conversely, in contrast, by contrast, on the other hand, otherwise, whereas（连）5) 表示让步：though/although（连）, even though（连）, in spite of（介）, despite（介）, it is true that（连）, admittedly, 6) 表示转折：but, yet, however, nevertheless, instead7) 表示原因：because（连）, as（连）, since（连）, for（连）, because of（介）, owing to（介）, due to（介）, on account of（介）, as a result of（介） 8) 表示结果：so（连）, thus, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a result, as a consequence, on that account9) 表示强调：in fact, actually, indeed, certainly, chiefly, especially, particularly,10) 表示总结：in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude五、写作模拟题与范文1Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on the following topic and outline. 最近国内有些高校允许在校适龄大学生结婚。对此人们有不同观点，有人赞成，有人反对。你的观点如何？ 1有些人对高校允许学生结婚的做法持肯定态度 2另一些人则反对 3我的观点Should College Students Be Allowed to Get Married?There is no denying the fact that it is a hotly debated topic today whether college students should be allowed to get married. Some time ago, the ban was lifted by some universities on students getting married. To this peoples attitudes differ sharply. Some hold the positive view. They say that most college students are adults and that it is a basic right for those who have reached the appropriate ages to get married. Many others, however, hold the opposite view. They claim that the university or college is a place to study instead of a community to lead a family life. Allowing college students to get married would adversely affect their study. For instance, they would spend too much time attending their family and love, unable to concentrate on their school work. As far as I am concerned, I believe that it is OK to allow college students to get married. Anyway, this is their freedom. Actually, we dont have to worry too much because facts have shown that most college students would choose not to get married in the face of such fierce competition and heavy school work. (或 As far as I am concerned, I believe that college students should not be allowed to get married. Though mostly adults, they are actually immature psychologically. Their wish to get married is, more often than not, impulses. Besides, as students, they are not ready to support a family financially. 2Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Preferable Work. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 有些人喜欢与人打交道的工作2. 有些人喜欢与事物或机器打交道的工作3. 你的选择Preferable WorkSome people prefer to work with people. Working with people usually makes one feel interesting and efficient. At the same time, it can give people power and competition and provides rivalry which can be a very effective motive in improving one's ability. In addition, people can get better ideas by way of consultation and conference with other people.On the other hand, other people like jobs which mainly involve with objects or machine. They probably think that working with objects or machine will provide more peace and quiet. Under such peaceful conditions, one can do more practical work, improve one's skill and make technical renovations.Of these two ways of working, I prefer working with people. First of all, I like working with people because of companionship. Second, although there are competition and rivalry, we can learn something from other people even if we don't like them.3Directions: For