小升初英语语法词类名词课件.ppt
词性详解-名词小升初语法nounEnglish Grammar1名 词英语名称n n意义意义意义意义n n简写简写简写简写Noun Noun n.n.表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的名词。1.1.普通名词与专有名词普通名词与专有名词2.可数名词与不可数名词3.可数名词的单复数4.不可数名词5.5.名词所有格名词所有格6.名词的句法功能名 词名 词名词可数名词普通名词抽象名词集体名词不可数名词(如:teacher,pen,student,desk)(如:family,class,police)(如:tea,water,paper)(如:news,love,peace)专有名词(如:Tom、China、theUnitedStates)个体名词物质名词名 词专有名词n n专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。n n专有名词的第一个字母要大写!。n n人名、地名、国名及一些特定称谓的缩写都是专有名词 名 词专有名词举例n n人名n n国名国名n n某国人某国人n n地名地名LilyLilyLilyLilyJackJackJackJackTomTomTomTomMaryMaryMaryMaryn n特定缩写特定缩写CinderellaCinderellaCinderellaCinderella PairsPairsPairsPairsSydneySydneySydneySydney LundonLundonLundonLundon New YorkNew YorkNew YorkNew York AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaAustralia ItalyItalyItalyItaly FranceFranceFranceFrance ChinaChinaChinaChina JapanJapanJapanJapan ChineseChineseChineseChinese FrenchFrenchFrenchFrench ItalianItalianItalianItalian AustralianAustralianAustralianAustralian JapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapanese PRCPRCPRCPRCUKUKUKUKUSAUSAUSAUSA可 数 名 词普通名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为 和 可数名词可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词 n n可数名词可数名词n n既可当可数名词又可以是不可数名词,如:既可当可数名词又可以是不可数名词,如:既可当可数名词又可以是不可数名词,如:既可当可数名词又可以是不可数名词,如:n n不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词有复数形式有复数形式 an applean applebreadbread milkmilk a baga bag two apples two apples some bags some bags一般没有复数形式一般没有复数形式 rice rice ice-creamice-cream saladsalad drinkdrink 大家应该也有点累了,稍作休息大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流8可数名词的单复数bookbookbookbook-Books-Books-Books-Books/bks/bks/bks/bks/petpet-pets-pets/pets/pets/pets/pets/bagbag-bags-bags/b/b/b/b gz/gz/gz/gz/bedbed-beds-beds/bedz/bedz/bedz/bedz/keykey-keys-keys/ki:z/ki:z/ki:z/ki:z/boyboy-boys-boys/b/b/b/bz/z/z/z/n n一般情况一般情况加加-s-s 可数名词的单复数加加-es-es 以以s,x,ch,shs,x,ch,sh等等 结尾的词结尾的词 classclassclassclass-classes-classes-classes-classes/kl:sz/kl:sz/kl:sz/kl:sz /boxbox-boxes-boxes/bksz/bksz/bksz/bksz /watchwatch-watches-watches/wtz/wtz/wtz/wtz /dishdish-dishes-dishes/dz/dz/dz/dz /或或或或/klsz/klsz/klsz/klsz/或或或或/ba:ksz/ba:ksz/ba:ksz/ba:ksz /或或或或/w:tz/w:tz/w:tz/w:tz /可数名词的单复数变变y y为为i i再加再加-es-es 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的词结尾的词 familyfamilyfamilyfamily-families-families-families-families/fmlz/fmlz/fmlz/fmlz /strawberrystrawberry-strawberries-strawberriespartyparty-parties-parties/p:(r)tz/p:(r)tz/p:(r)tz/p:(r)tz/str:brz/str:brz/str:brz/str:brz /或或或或/str:berz/str:berz/str:berz/str:berz/可数名词的单复数去掉去掉f f或或fefe加加-ves-ves-ves-ves 以以f f或或fefe结尾结尾的名词的名词wolfwolfwolfwolfknifeknifeknifeknife-knives-knives-knives-knives-wolves-wolves-wolves-wolvesnavznavznavznavzwlvzwlvzwlvzwlvz可数名词的单复数-es-es-es-es 以以o o结尾的有结尾的有生命的词生命的词n n黑人黑人Negro-Negroesni:grNegro-Negroesni:grz z n n英雄英雄英雄英雄hero-heroeshrzhero-heroeshrzhero-heroeshrzhero-heroeshrz n n土豆土豆土豆土豆potato-potatoesptetzpotato-potatoesptetzpotato-potatoesptetzpotato-potatoesptetz n n西红柿西红柿西红柿西红柿tomato-tomatoest m:tztomato-tomatoest m:tztomato-tomatoest m:tztomato-tomatoest m:tz 可数名词的单复数在在/s/,/z/,/,/t/,/s/,/z/,/,/t/,/d/d/等后读等后读z z 在清辅音后读在清辅音后读 /s/s/;浊辅音和元音后读浊辅音和元音后读/z/z/;名词的单复数内部元音发生变化词尾发生变化个别名词单复同形表示某国人时,中日不变,英法变,其他国家加sfoot-feettooth-teethwoman-womenman-menmouse-miceox-oxenchild-childrendeer-deerfish-fishsheep-sheep1.Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese2.Frenchman-FrenchmenEnglishman-Englishmen3.German-GermansRussian-RussiansAmericansAustraliansIndians名 词特殊情况(1)有些名词只有复数形式,如:clothes,shorts,pants,scissors(剪刀),goods,glasses(眼镜)(2)有些名词以s结尾,但不是复数形式,如:news,maths,physics,politics(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,如:room(空间)a room(房间)work(工作)works(著作)名词单复数练习例1下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:1 A.Chinese B.Frenchmen C.Englishmen D.Germen2.A.tomatoes B.photos C.radioes D.potatoes3.A.desks B.Americans C.friends D.breads4.A.stories B.families C.plays D.keies5.A.leaves B.knives C.roofes D.shelves 6.A.clothes B.monthes C.mouths D.fifths说出下列名词的复数形式childfoottoothgooseoxmousemanwomanpolicemangentlemanEnglishmanFrenchwomansheepfishdeerJapaneseChinesepeopleGermanAmericanchildrenfeetteethgeeseoxenmicemenwomenpolicemengentlemenEnglishmenFrenchwomensheepfishdeerJapaneseChinesepeopleGermansAmericans不可数名词waterwateroiloilbreadbreadwoodwood没有复数形式没有复数形式a aanana.of.a.of.a.of.a.of.或或或或 数词数词数词数词+名词复数名词复数名词复数名词复数+of+of+of+of n n_、_、_、_等是不可数名词。等是不可数名词。不可数名词不可数名词 。不可数名词前不可以加。不可数名词前不可以加 或或 这样的这样的冠词。要表示量,需要用冠词。要表示量,需要用 ()()的形式,例如的形式,例如:a piece of bread a piece of bread threethree pieces of bread pieces of bread 一片面包一片面包 三片面包三片面包of前用的是数量名词,of后是不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词:(前面不能用不可数名词:(前面不能用a,ana,an等来修饰)等来修饰)到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:液体类:肉类:抽象名词类:食物类:不可数名词计量的表达不可数名词计量的表达:个数单位词:piece piece(张、片、块、条),容器单位词:bottlebottle(瓶),bag,bag(包),box,box(盒、箱),类别单位词:kind(kind(种、类)度量衡单位词:kilo(kilo(千克、公斤)water:juice,tea,soup,milk,cola,coffee,meat,beef,pork,muttonfood,rice,porridge,junk food ,tofunews,money,work,homework,housework,schoolwork,help,fun,health,pric等不可数名词记住记住:roofroofs,chefchefs,chief-chiefs:roofroofs,chefchefs,chief-chiefsExercises:1.把下面名词变为复数:CitybrushLeafpotatoTomatobreadmilkbeef2.翻译下面的词组:1.两杯咖啡2.四块面包3.七袋大米4.八只鹿5.一瓶水6.三个男孩twocupsofcoffeefourpiecesofbreadsevenbagsofriceeightdeerabottleofwaterthreeboys名词的所有格双重所有格单重所有格of所有格s所有格名词所有格表示所属关系名词的所有格表示时间、距离的名词可以加s或构成所有格形式一般在有生命名词后加s构成。若以S结尾复数名词,则在S后加若不是以S结尾的复数名词,则加s表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加s.表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加s.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时,常省略所有格后面的名词atmyuncles=atmyuncleshome s所有格名词的所有格of所有格表示无生命事物的所有关系:amapofChinathenameofthefilmthecoverofthebook电影的名字中国地图书的封面一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:2)名词+of+名词性物主代词1)名词+of+s名词所有格:afriendofJacks3.名词的双重所有格:就是指同时既使用-s所有格又使用of所有格。afriendofherslaphotoofMrSmithslaphotoofMrSmith史密斯先生收藏的一张照片史密斯先生照的一张照片名词的所有格名词的所有格myteachersofficestudentsexercisebooksChildrens sDaytodaysnewspaper15minuteswalk=a15-minutewalk15minuteswalk=a15-minutewalktoToms=toTomshouse1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3儿童节4今天的报纸5十五分钟的路程6到汤姆家去名词的所有格Practice名词的所有格7广东的省会8教室的门9我父亲的一个朋友10他的两个兄弟11爱迪生的一些发明12他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)13他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather(s)twobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdisonsapictureofhisbrothersapictureofhisbrother名词的句法功能The Great WallThe Great Wall is the longest building in the world.is the longest building in the world.He is still a He is still a childchild.Tim likes the Tim likes the bookbook.I think him a good I think him a good teacherteacher.There is a small There is a small stonestone door.door.名词在句子中可作名词在句子中可作 、宾语、宾语、宾语补足语宾语补足语主语主语表语表语例如:例如:和定语等。和定语等。名词的句法功能1名词作主语lPhysicsisanewsubjectinGradeEight.l lMyglassesarered.Myglassesarered.lAnewpairofpantsisonthebed.lTwopairsofpantsareonthebed.一些以s结尾的名词。如:maths、physics、news是单数或不可数名词,在句中作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;a(this)pair of名词复数时,其主语是a(this)pair,故谓语动词应用单数形式。如:名词的句法功能(2)表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加s作主语时,应视为一个整体,故谓语动词用单数形式。如:Her family is moving to Liaoning next week.Her family are having supper now.lTwenty dollars is enough.Three months is a short time.(3)family,class,police等作主语时,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用第三人称单数;当表示其中的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:名词的句法功能(4)主语后跟with,except,togetherwith,aswellas等短语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致,而不受这些短语的影响。如Mr Li with his students is discussing the math problem.All the girls except Mary are drawing in the classroom.名词的句法功能2名词作定语lThere is one toy factory in the city.lThere are two toytoy factories in the city.(1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:(2)woman,man做定语修饰名词时,若所修饰的名词是单数,则man和woman用单数。若所修饰的名词是复数,则man和woman用复数。如:There is a woman teacher.There are three women teachers.