超声波辅助萃取法课件.ppt
超声波辅助萃取法汇报人:张娜汇报人:张娜 小组成员:徐世鑫小组成员:徐世鑫 宋茜宋茜 2015 2015年年1010月月1616日日超声波辅助提取介绍01文献学习02Contents目录01超声波辅助提取介绍超声波辅助提取介绍超声波辅助萃取法l定定义义:超超声声波波萃萃取取(UItrasound UItrasound extractionextraction,UEUE),亦亦称称为为超超声声波波辅辅助助萃萃取取、超超声声波波提提取取,是是利利用用超超声声波波辐辐射射压压强强产产生生的的强强烈烈空空化化作作用用、扰扰动动效效应应、高高加加速速度度、击击碎碎和和搅搅拌拌作作用用等等多多级级效效应应,增增大大物物质质分分子子运运动动频频率率和和速速度度,增增加加溶溶剂剂穿穿透透力力,从从而而加加速速目目标标成成分分进进入入溶溶剂剂,促促进提取的进行。进提取的进行。超声波辅助萃取法l基基本本原原理理:超超声声波波能能量量利利用用高高频频率率的的机机械械振振动动波波在在弹弹性性介介质质中中传传播播,同同时时加加速速介介质质质质点点的的运运动动频频率率传传递递到到提提取取液液中中引引起起提提取取液液分分子子的的高高频频运运动动,使使被被提提取取物物质质和和提提取取溶溶剂剂利利用用超超声声波波的的能能量量加加速速分分离离。此此外外,超超声声波波产产生生的的空空化化作作用用相相当当于于微微观观的的爆爆破破作作用用不不断断地地将将被被提提取取物物轰轰击击出出原原物物料料,使使其其充充分分分分离离加加速速浸浸取取速速率率以以达达到到高高效效提提取取的目的。的目的。基本原理空化效应l当当声声波波通通过过液液体体时时,液液体体各各处处的的声声压压会会发发生生周周期期性性的的变变化化,相相应应地地,液液体体中中的的微微泡泡核核也也会会随随超超声声频频率率发发生生周周期期性的振荡性的振荡,形成我们常说的空化效应。,形成我们常说的空化效应。l微微泡泡破破裂裂和和空空穴穴瞬瞬间间闭闭合合时时,内内部部气气体体和和蒸蒸汽汽快快速速绝绝热热压压缩缩,产产生生极极高高的的温温度度和和压压力力,此此时时的的瞬瞬间间高高温温高高压压能能导致游离基和其他组分的形成。导致游离基和其他组分的形成。机械效应l超超声声波波在在介介质质中中的的传传播播可可以以使使介介质质质质点点在在其其传传播播空空间间内内产产生生振振动动,从从而而强强化化介介质质的的扩扩散散、传传播播,这这就就是是超超声声波波的机械效应。的机械效应。l超超声声波波在在传传播播过过程程中中产产生生一一种种辐辐射射压压强强,沿沿声声波波方方向向传传播播,对对物物料料有有很很强强的的破破坏坏作作用用,可可使使细细胞胞组组织织变变形形,植植物物组组织织蛋蛋白白变变性性;同同时时,它它还还可可以以给给予予介介质质和和悬悬浮浮体体以以不不同同加加速速度度,且且介介质质分分子子的的运运动动速速度度远远大大于于悬悬浮浮体体分分子子的的运运动动速速度度。从从而而在在两两者者间间产产生生摩摩擦擦,这这种种摩摩擦擦力力可可使使生生物物分分子子解解聚聚,使使细细胞胞壁壁上上的的有有效效成成分分更更快快地地溶溶解解于于溶溶剂之中。剂之中。热效应l超超声声波波在在介介质质的的传传播播过过程程中中,其其声声能能不不断断的的被被介介质质的的质质点点吸吸收收,介介质质将将所所吸吸收收的的能能量量全全部部或或大大部部分分转转变变成成热热能能,从从而而导导致致介介质质本本身身和和药药材材组组织织温温度度的的升升高高,增增大大了了药药物物有有效效成成分分的的溶溶解解速速度度。由由于于这这种种吸吸收收声声能能引引起起的的药药物物组组织织内内部部温温度度的的升升高高是是瞬瞬间间的的,因因此此可可以以使使被被提提取取的的成成分分的的生物活性保持不变生物活性保持不变。其他次级效应l此此外外,超超声声波波还还能能产产生生许许多多次次级级效效应应,如如乳乳化化、扩扩散散、击击碎碎、化化学学效效应应等等,这这些些作作用用也也促促进进了了植植物物体体中中有有效效成成分分的的溶溶解解,促促使使药药物物有有效效成成分分进进入入介介质质,并并与与介介质质充充分分混混合合,加加快快了了提提取取过过程程的的进进行行,并并提提高高了了药药物物有有效效成成分分的提取率。的提取率。LOREM IPSUM DOLOR工艺简单,可提高生产速度,降低企业生产成本,增加经济效应技术操作方便,萃取完全,能充分利用中药资源,能节约成本不用或者少用萃取剂,减少萃取剂的污染无需加热,不会改变所提及成分的化学结构,适用于低温成分萃取萃取后在某种超声波作用下还可能出现新的物质,有利于发现新的物质增加所萃取成分的产率,缩短萃取时间超声波辅助萃取的优点超声波萃取机超声波萃取机由两部分组成:超声波萃取系统 和超声波驱动系统。萃取系统:主要包括超声波换能器、超声波变幅杆、超声波工具头用于产生超声波振动,并将此振动能量向液体中发射。驱动系统:(超声波发生器)产生高频高功率电流,驱动超声波振动部件工作。简单实验流程新新鲜鲜番茄番茄清洗去梗清洗去梗初步破碎初步破碎超声波破碎提取超声波破碎提取冷却静置冷却静置真空抽真空抽滤分液分液处理理实验分析分析02 文献学习Literature LearningContents highlight and innovation Introductionexperimental method and statistical analysisExperimentdiscussion and conclusionConclusion1 antioxidant epidemiology fat-soluble easily degraded23Introductionsolvent extractionSCFE time consuming low efficiency costiler priceconventional extractionproperties of ultrasoundproperties of lycopene Multistage effect Increase material molecular motion greater enetration higher throughputmodified ultrasonication techniqueUltrasonic assisted extraction(UAE);Protection of the solute;Statistical technique:The response surface methodology(RSM);High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).ExperimentWashed tomatoes were cut into pieces and pulps,homogenised Homogenised tomatoes were freeze-driedFreeze-dried tomato sampleand and mixture solvents(n-hexane,acetone,ethanol)was added into the conical flaskUltrasonic assisted extraction(37 kHz)the flask was cooled to room temperatureand the mixture was filteredultrapure water was added to the filtrate and centrifuged Experimental design a software(Version 9.2,SAS Institute Inc.,Cary,NC,USA)central composite rotatable design(CCRD)Analysis of experimental data:UAE48min The interactions between the independent variables on the relative yield of lycopene from tomato are shown in Figs.80.0(v/w)Analysis of experimental data:Non-UAEFigs.show the interactions between the independent variables on the relative yield of lycopene from tomato in the absence of sonication.where X1=extraction time(min),X2=extraction temperature()and X3=solvent:freeze-dried tomato sample(v/w).93.35%of the variability in the response could be explained by the model.The fit model analysisthe validityof the model since there is a non-significan(p=0.2698)lack of fit.HPLC analysisHigh-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)chromatogram of tomato extract using isocratic mobile phases of methanol/MTBE/ethyl acetate(30:60:10,v/v/v)at 501 nm with flow rate of 1.2 mL/min.Conclusion The improved UAE with the aid of RSM provides a rapid mean of estimating the relative lycopene yield during its extraction from tomatoes.From the ridge max analysis,the optimised conditions were 45.6 min(total extraction time),47.6 (extraction temperature)and 74.4:1 v/w(ratio of solvent to freeze-dried tomato sample).The average relative lycopene yield obtained was 99%.The all-trans lycopene extracted was 5.11 0.27 mg/g dry weight with slight isomerisation(3.19 0.81%)taking place.In addition,comparison study between sonicated and nonsonicated sample runs indicated that ultrasound enhances the extraction yield of lycopene from tomato by 26%on the average of 6 replications at the coded level(0,0,0).谢谢聆听THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION