大学英语四级阅读技巧-长篇阅读篇课件.ppt

20152015大学英语四级阅读大学英语四级阅读技巧技巧-长篇阅读篇长篇阅读篇长篇阅读（信息匹配题）包括大约10-18个段落的篇章。题后给出10句陈述，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的那一段落，每段开头有一个字母标识指代该段落。一般一个段落对应一题；有的段落可能对应两题或更多，有多次被选的可能；有的段落可能不对应任何一题。Model test 1 p7-9Skim the passage and grasp the main idea(according to the subtitles)Scrutinize each of 10 statements attached to the passage,marking the key words and details as well as scanning out the related sentences that involve the key words and details.Make sure the chosen paragraph matches the statement.The subtitlesHow much trash is generated?How is trash disposed of?What is a landfill?Proposing the landfillBuilding the landfillWhat happens to trash in a landfill?How is a landfill operated?Mark the key words and details in the 10 statements46 First step in constructing a landfill is to build roads which lead to the landfill.(I)关键词+同义改写47.Most customers of a landfill are municipalities and construction companies.(k)同上48.A landfill cant be built without certain environmental impact study being carried out.(H)关键词+正话反说49.In landfill disposal,the United Kingdom ranks first while the United States ranks middle of the major countries.(D)关键词+改写50.Rather than break down trash,a landfill is mainly to bury it.(J)关键词+改写Mark the key words and details in the 10 statements51.Its predicted that bioreactor will be used to speed up of trash break down in landfills.(Q)关键词+改写52.Of all the big countries,Americans generates largest amount of trash per person every year,and majority of the trash is buried in landfills.(B)关键词+综合53.Customers of landfills are charged by the weight of the trash they are going to bury.(M)某些关键词多次出现54.Poisonous chemicals are barred from a landfill.(O)同义改写55.Usually to reduce the amount of material in a landfill,there is a recycling center near the entrance of the landfill.(L)关键词+细节词Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)46 First step in constructing a landfill is to build roads which lead to the landfill.(I)关键词+同义改写 Building the LandfillI)Once the environmental impact study is complete,the permits are granted and the funds have been raised,then construction begins.First,access roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not already exist.These roads will be used by construction equipment,sanitation(环卫)services and the general public.After roads have been built,digging can begin.In the North Wake County Landfill,the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)47.Most customers of a landfill are municipalities and construction companies.(k)关键词+同义改写 How Is a Landfill Operated?K)A landfill,such as the North Wake County Landfill,must be open and available every day.Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies,although residents may also use the landfill.Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)48.A landfill cant be built without certain environmental impact study being carried out.(H)关键词+正话反说H)In the United States,taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities.Before a city or other authority can build a landfill,an environmental impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)49.In landfill disposal,the United Kingdom ranks first while the United States ranks middle of the major countries.(D)关键词+改写How Is Trash Disposed of?D)The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960.This trash is handled in various ways.About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted,16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills.The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960.The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries(United Kingdom,Canada,Germany,France and Japan)in landfill disposal.The United Kingdom ranks highest,burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)50.Rather than break down trash,a landfill is mainly to bury it.(J)关键词+改写What Happens to Trash in a Landfill?J)Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time.Inside a landfill,there is little oxygen and little moisture.Under these conditions,trash does not break down very rapidly.In fact,when old landfills have been dug up or sampled,40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print.Landfills are not designed to break down trash,merely to bury it.When a landfill closes,the site,especially the groundwater,must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)51.Its predicted that bioreactor will be used to speed up of trash break down in landfills.(Q)关键词+改写Q)Landfills are complicated structures that,when properly designed and managed,serve and important purpose.In the future,new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)52.Of all the big countries,Americans generates largest amount of trash per person every year,and majority of the trash is buried in landfills.(B)关键词+综合B)Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person,which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year!This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries.What happens to this trash?Some gets recycled(回收利用)or recovered and some is burned,but the majority is buried in landfills.Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)53.Customers of landfills are charged by the weight of the trash they are going to bury.(M)某些关键词多次出现M)As customers enter the site,their trucks are weighed at the scale house.Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site.The tipping fees vary from$10 to$40 per ton.These fees are used to pay for operation costs.The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately$4.5 million,and part of that comes from tipping fees.Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)54.Poisonous chemicals are barred from a landfill.(O)同义改写O)In addition,there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals(paints,pesticides,other chemicals)that are banned from the landfill.These chemicals are disposed of by private companies.Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Skimming and scanning activity (according to each of 10 statements)55.Usually to reduce the amount of material in a landfill,there is a recycling center near the entrance of the landfill.(L)关键词+细节词L)Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials(aluminum cans,glass bottles,newspapers and paper products).This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill.Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.2/18/202319中中 医医 体体 质质 辨辨 识识北京南路社区卫生服务中心 主讲人：王世伟主讲人：王世伟2/18/202320 未病先防，既病防变；对号入座辨体质，量体裁衣来养生2/18/202321 一、平和体质健康重在维护 体形匀称、健壮；面色红润且精力充沛；睡眠、饮食良好；大小便正常；性格随和开朗，对周围环境适应能力较强，那么，恭喜你，你是健康的，不过还需要努力保持下去。2/18/202322二、气虚体质气短出汗易感冒老感觉累就是气虚了 气虚体质用几个简单的词语概括就是疲乏、气短、出汗。属这种体质的如果是孩子，容易成为反复感冒的受害者，每个月都要到医院打几次吊针，打完之后，当时好了，过一阵子又复发了。气虚的人还易胃下垂，脱肛，女性子宫下垂等。2/18/202323【饮食调理】对于气虚质的老年人应多吃具有益气健脾的食物，如糯米、小米、黄米、大麦、土豆、白薯、红薯、山药、黄豆、豌豆、白扁豆、鸡肉、鲫鱼、鹅肉、羊心、羊肚、泥鳅、香菇、桂圆、莲子、大枣、蜂蜜、人参等，少吃具有耗气作用的食物，如空心菜、生萝卜、槟榔等。2/18/202324【饮食调理】对于气虚质的老年人应多吃具有益气健脾的食物，如糯米、小米、黄米、大麦、土豆、白薯、红薯、山药、黄豆、豌豆、白扁豆、鸡肉、鲫鱼、鹅肉、羊心、羊肚、泥鳅、香菇、桂圆、莲子、大枣、蜂蜜、人参等，少吃具有耗气作用的食物，如空心菜、生萝卜、槟榔等。2/18/202325【穴位保健】选穴：足三里、关元、气海、神阙 定位：足三里穴位于外膝眼下3寸；关元穴位于前 正中线上，脐下3寸；气海穴位于前正中线上，脐下1.5寸；神阙穴位于脐窝中央。运动保健对于气虚体质的老年人应避免剧烈的体育活动，太极拳和八段锦比较适合这类群体。注意事项注意保暖：气虚质者卫阳不足，易于感受外邪，应注意保暖，不要劳汗当风，防止外 邪侵袭。避免劳累：劳则气耗，气虚质者尤当注意不可过于劳作，以免更伤正气。2/18/202326 三、阳虚体质手脚冰凉爱怕冷我们身边总有人说自己一年四季手脚冰凉，冬天睡一晚上脚都暖和不过来。夏天在空调房穿着长衣长裤，手还是冰凉，这就是阳虚体质。这类人肌肉不健壮，时感手脚发凉，胃脘部、背部或腰膝部怕冷，衣服比别人穿得多，夏天不喜欢吹空调，喜欢安静，吃或喝凉的东西总会感到不舒服，容易大便稀溏，小便色清而量多。2/18/202327【饮食调理】对于阳虚体质的老年人应多吃甘温益气的食物，比如牛羊狗肉、葱、姜、蒜、花椒、鳝鱼、韭菜、辣椒、胡椒、芥末等。少食生冷寒凉食物，如黄瓜、藕、梨、西瓜、柿子等。2/18/202328【穴位保健】选穴：足三里、命门、肾俞 定位：命门穴位于后正中线上，第2腰椎棘突下凹陷中；肾俞穴位于第2腰椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。操作：艾灸法：俯卧，借助温灸盒，对穴位进行温灸，时间1015分钟，隔日一 次，10天为1疗程。运动保健对于阳虚体质的老年人在运动中应注意避风寒，不宜大汗，适合做一些温和的有氧运 动如慢走、太极剑、太极拳等。注意事项阳虚质者耐春夏不耐秋冬，秋冬季节要适当暖衣温食以养护阳气。夏季暑热多汗,建议尽量避免强力劳作和大汗，也不可恣意贪凉饮冷。2/18/202329 四、阴虚体质口干舌燥易冒火阴虚体质的人，看上去最大的特点是体型瘦，胖子不多。阴虚体质的人还有就是性子比较急，什么都快节奏，一股火气。他们经常耐受不了夏天的暑热，常感到眼睛干涩，口干咽燥，总想喝水，皮肤干燥，经常大便干结，容易失眠，性情急躁，外向好动，舌质偏红，苔少。2/18/202330【饮食调理】对于阴虚体质的老年人可以多吃甘凉滋润的食物，比如黑大豆、黑芝麻、百合、豆腐、豆浆、绿豆、冬瓜、银耳、麻油、番茄、葡萄、柑橘、甘蔗、香蕉、梨、苹果、柿子、甘蔗、木耳、甲鱼、龟、鳖、牡蛎肉、鱼翅、兔肉、鸭肉、大肉等。少吃羊肉、狗肉、辣椒、葱、蒜、葵花子等性温燥烈之品。2/18/202331【穴位保健】选穴：三阴交、太溪 定位：三阴交穴位于内踝尖上三寸，胫骨后缘；太溪穴位于足内侧，内踝后方，内踝尖与跟腱之间的凹陷处。操作方法：用大拇指或中指按压三阴交和太溪穴，两侧穴位同时操作。每次按压 操作510分钟。每日2次，10天1个疗程。运动保健对于阴虚体质的老年人应保证每天半小时1小时的有氧运动，如慢走、游泳、太极拳 等。注意事项熬夜、剧烈运动、高温酷暑的工作生活环境等能加重阴虚倾向，应尽量避免。2/18/202332五、血淤体质血脉不畅爱长斑 血淤体质就是血脉不流畅，血淤质的女性多是痛经的受害者，容易出现闭经，或经色紫黑有块、崩漏。另外，心脑血管疾病和某些肿瘤也与血淤有关，应该引起注意。血淤体质的人，女孩子有的脸色很灰暗，皮肤常干燥、粗糙，常常出现疼痛，面色晦黯或有色素沉着、黄褐色斑块，眼眶经常黯黑，眼睛经常有红丝（充血），刷牙时牙龈容易出血。2/18/202333【饮食调理】：对于血瘀体质的老年人建议多吃如黑豆、黄豆、香菇、茄子、油菜、羊血、芒果、木瓜、海藻、海带、紫菜、萝卜、胡萝卜、金橘、橙子、柚子、桃子、李子、山楂、醋、玫瑰花、绿茶、红糖、黄酒、葡萄酒、白酒等具有活血、散结、行气、疏肝解郁作用的食物。少吃肥猪肉等滋腻之品。应戒除烟酒。2/18/202334【穴位保健】选穴：血海、内关 定位：屈膝，在髌骨内上缘上2寸，当股四头肌内侧头的隆起处。内关穴位于腕横纹上2寸，掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间。操作方法：用大拇指或中指按压血海穴及内关穴，两侧穴位同时操作。每次按压 操作510分钟。每日2次，10天1个疗程。2/18/202335运动保健对于血瘀体质的老年人每天应有规律地有氧运动，避免剧烈以及过量的体育运动。可 采用“步行健身法”，通过步行运动，促进全身血液的运行，有活血化瘀的功效。八 段锦的“左右开弓似射雕”和“双手托天理三焦”加做13遍。注意事项血得温则行，得寒则凝。血瘀质者要避免寒冷刺激。日常生活中应注意动静结合，不 可贪图安逸，加重气血郁滞。气为血帅，故亦需注意情志舒畅，勿恼怒郁愤。2/18/202336 六、痰湿体质大腹便便代谢差 痰湿体质的人舌苔很厚，就像吃了饼干一样腻在舌头上，他们大多体形肥胖，更重要的是腹部肥满松软。出汗多而黏腻，手足心潮湿多汗，常感到肢体酸困沉重、不轻松，面部经常有油腻感，嘴里常有黏黏的或甜腻的感觉，平时痰多。通常来说，这类体质的人很容易患上冠心病、糖尿病、代谢综合征等。2/18/202337【饮食调理】对于痰湿体质的老年人饮食应以清淡为原则，多吃具有健脾、化痰、祛湿功用的食物如薏米、菌类、紫菜、竹笋、冬瓜、萝卜、金橘、芥末等食物。少吃肥肉、甜及油腻的食物。2/18/202338【穴位保健】选穴：足三里、丰隆、水道 定位：丰隆穴位于外踝尖上8寸，胫骨前嵴外2横指；水道穴位于在下腹部，脐 中下3寸，距前正中线2寸。操作方法：用大拇指或中指按压丰隆穴、水道穴，丰隆穴两侧穴位同时操作。每 次按压操作510分钟。每日2次，10天1个疗程。注意事项痰湿体质的人耐热的能力差，所以要尽量避免在炎热和潮湿的环境中锻炼。运动环境 宜温暖宜人，不要在寒冷 的环境中锻炼。痰湿体质的人一般体重较重，运动负荷强度 较高时，要注意运动的节奏，循序渐进的进行锻炼，保障人身安全。2/18/202339七、湿热体质爱长痘痘易口苦 这种体质的标志就是满脸长痘，口舌生疮。此外，还易患湿疹。湿热质的人，常感到口苦、口臭或嘴里有异味，大便黏滞不爽，小便有发热感，尿色发黄，女性常带下色黄，男性阴囊总是潮湿多汗。脾气比较急躁。2/18/202340【饮食调理】对于湿热体质的老年人应提倡饮食清淡，多吃甘寒、甘平、清利湿热的食物，如薏苡仁、莲子、茯苓、红小豆、绿豆、冬瓜、丝瓜、葫芦、苦瓜、黄瓜、西瓜、白菜、芹菜、卷心菜、莲藕、空心菜、苋菜等。少吃胡桃仁、鹅肉、羊肉、狗肉、鳝鱼、香菜、辣椒、花椒、酒、饴糖、胡椒、蜂蜜等甘酸滋腻之品及火锅、烹炸、烧烤等辛温助热食品。2/18/202341【穴位保健】选穴：阴陵泉、阳陵泉 定位：阴陵泉穴位于胫骨内侧踝下方凹陷处；阳陵泉穴位于小腿外侧，当腓骨小 头前下方凹陷处。操作方法：用大拇指或中指按压阴陵泉穴和阳陵泉穴，两侧穴位同时操作。每次 按压操作510分钟。每日2次，10天1个疗程。运动保健对于湿热体质的老年人每天应有规律地有氧运动，如游泳、爬山、慢走、太极拳、八 段锦等。八段锦的“摇头摆尾去心火”和“调理脾胃须单举”加做13遍。注意事项不宜熬夜，或过度疲劳。要保持二便通畅，防止湿热郁聚。注意个人卫生，预防皮肤病变。2/18/202342八【气郁质】这种人气机郁滞，以神情抑郁、忧虑脆弱等气郁表现为主要特征。形体特征:形体瘦者为多。常见表现:神情抑郁，情感脆弱，烦闷不乐，舌淡红，苔薄白，脉弦。心理特征:性格内向不稳定、敏感多虑。发病倾向:易患脏躁、梅核气、百合病及郁证等。对外界环境适应能力：对精神刺激适应能力较差；不适应阴雨天气。2/18/202343【饮食调理】对于气郁体质的老年人建议多吃小麦、高粱、蒿子秆、香菜、葱、蒜、萝卜、洋葱、苦瓜、黄花菜、海带、海藻、橘子、柚子、槟榔、玫瑰花、梅花等行气、解郁、消食、醒神之品。睡前避免饮茶、咖啡等提神醒脑的饮料。2/18/202344【穴位保健】选穴：太冲、膻中 定位：太冲穴位于足背，第1、2跖骨结合部之前凹陷中；膻中穴位于胸部,当前 正中线上,平第四肋间,两乳头连线的中点。操作方法：用大拇指或中指按压太冲穴和膻中穴，太冲穴两侧穴位同时操作。每 次按压操作510分钟。每日2次，10天1个疗程。运动保健 建议气郁体质的老年人每天有半小时1小时的有氧运动。可选择下棋、打牌、瑜珈等 体娱游戏，以闲情怡志，促进人际交流。注意事项 气郁日久易致血行不畅，衣着方面宜选择宽松透气性好的款式，还应注意鞋袜也不宜 约束过紧，否则易影响气血运行，出现肢体麻木或发凉等症状。居室环境宽敞明亮，温度、湿度适宜。【2/18/202345 九、特禀体质常打喷嚏爱过敏 特禀质是一类体质特殊的人群。有的即使不感冒也经常鼻塞、打喷嚏、流鼻涕，容易患哮喘，容易对药物、食物、气味、花粉、季节过敏，皮肤容易起荨麻疹，皮肤常因过敏出现紫红色瘀点、瘀斑，皮肤常一抓就红，并出现抓痕。常见病有麻疹、过敏性紫癜、过敏性咳嗽和哮喘等。2/18/202346【饮食调理】对于特禀体质的老年人饮食宜清淡、均衡、粗细搭配适当、荤素配伍合理。少吃荞麦、蚕豆、白扁豆、牛肉、鹅肉、鲤鱼、虾、蟹、茄子、酒、辣椒、浓茶、咖啡等辛辣之品、腥发及含致敏物质的食品2/18/202347穴位保健选穴：足三里、关元、神阙、肾俞 定位：足三里位于外膝眼下三寸，胫骨前嵴外1横指处；关元穴位于前正中线上，脐下3寸；神阙穴位于脐窝中央；肾俞穴位于第2腰椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。操作：艾灸法：对足三里穴、关元穴、神阙穴、肾俞穴进行温灸，可以借助温灸器，每次时间1015分钟即可，隔日一次，10天为1 疗程。运动保健建议特禀体质的老年人每天有半小时1小时的有氧运动。注意避风寒。注意事项避免过敏原的刺激，生活环境中接触的物品如枕头、棉被、床垫、可引起过敏，应常清洗、日晒。外出也要避免处在花粉及粉刷油漆的空 气中，以免刺激而诱发过敏病症。2/18/202348谢谢大家谢谢大家谢谢大家谢谢大家!二二二二OO一一一一四四四四年年年年八八八八月月月月