广东中考英语总复习专题复习专题三名词ppt课件人教新目标版.pptx
专题三名词专题三名词2019 2019 全新版全新版分析广东近6年中考真题可知，名词是单项填空、完形填空的必考点和短文填空的高频考点(37.5分)。单项填空每年必考1题；完形填空每年必考23题；短文填空中常考13题。其命题规律为：必考点：可数名词及其单复数(6年6考；题型：单项填空、短文填空)名词词义辨析(6年6考；题型：单项填空、完形填空)高频考点：不可数名词(6年5考；题型：单项填空、短文填空；2018年不可数名词和可数名词的复数混合考查)冷考点：名词所有格(6年1考；题型：单项填空)专有名词(6年1考；题型：短文填空)近几年考查的名词如下：可数名词及其单复数(rooms,symbols,birds,bird,heart,changes,kinds,feet,restaurant,coach,biscuits,river)；不可数名词(room,weight,glass,culture,chicken,research,success,money,advice,happiness,shame,interest)。目目 录录 CONTENTS考点精讲易错盘点解题技巧试题精练1可数名词复数的变化表 考点精讲考点 可数名词及其单复数(6年6考)情况分类 变化规则例词规则变化一般情况在词尾加smapmaps,bagbags以s,x,ch,sh 结尾的词在词尾加esglassglasses,busbuses,boxboxes，watch watches,brushbrushes情况分类变化规则例词规则变化以“辅音字母y”结尾的词变y为i加esbabybabies,citycities,familyfamilies以f或fe结尾的词在词尾加sgiraffegiraffes去掉f/fe 加vesleafleaves,knife knives,shelfshelves,lifelives,wifewives情况分类 变化规则例词规则变化以o 结尾的词有生命的词加espotatopotatoes,tomato tomatoes,heroheroes无生命的词加sphotophotos,pianopianos情况分类 变化规则例词不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母aemanmen,womanwomenooeefootfeet,toothteeth单复数形式相同没有变化ChineseChinese，fishfish,deerdeer,sheepsheep其他形式mousemice,child children,oxoxen巧学妙记妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。2.关于可数名词及其单复数需要特别注意的事项：(1)“某国人”变复数规则：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。ChineseChinese，JapaneseJapanese；Englishman Englishmen，FrenchmanFrenchmen；American Americans，GermanGermans(2)一些名词如family,class,group,team,army等一般以单数形式出现。当作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词应用单数形式；如果强调集体中的每一个成员，谓语动词应用复数形式。如：The Webb family still has its farm over there.韦伯家依然保留着那里的农场。My family are very nice.我的家人都很好。(3)只能用复数形式的名词：people,trousers,scissors等。(4)由两个名词组成的复合名词常把最后一个名词变复数。如：a girl student two girl students；但第一个名词若是man/woman时，两个名词都要变复数。如：a man teacher two men teachers;a woman doctor two women doctors。(5)可数名词可以被基数词(one)、不定冠词(a/an)或some,many,several,few,a lot of,enough,plenty of,a number of等修饰。对可数名词的量提问时，要用how many。()1.(2015广东)Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous _ in American _.Asymbol;cultureBsymbol;culturesCsymbols;culture Dsymbols;cultures()2.(2018佛山市南海区模拟)New rules for express delivery companies are coming to protect _.Apassengers BchildrenCcustomersDlawyersCC()3.(2018东莞市模拟)Two _ helped the little boy to find his parents.His parents were very thankful.Apolice BpolicemanCpolicemenDpolicewomanC 1.不可数名词前不能直接用不定冠词a/an，也没有复数形式。2.表示不可数名词的数量时需借助于结构：a量词(可数名词)of不可数名词，变复数形式时，把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：a glass of milk 一杯牛奶；a piece of paper 一张纸；three cups of tea 三杯茶；four bottles of juice 四瓶果汁考点 不可数名词(6年5考)3.有些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，但是在表示个体概念时是可数的。如下表所示：名词可数不可数名词可数 不可数glass眼镜、玻璃杯玻璃room房间空间chicken小鸡鸡肉experience 经历经验fish鱼鱼肉orange橘子橘汁名词可数不可数名词可数不可数paper报纸、试卷、论文纸张exercise习题；练习锻炼weight重物重time次；回时间height高处高life生命生活work作品工作wood树林木头；木材()4.(2018广东)The three _ upstairs are too small to have enough_ for a double bed.Aroom;room Broom;roomsCrooms;roomDrooms;rooms()5.(2017广东)Daniel has tried to lose _ by eating less recently,but two kilos has been put on instead.Aweight BweightsCheightDheightsCA()6.(2016广东)The broken _ may cut into your hand if you touch it.You should be careful.Aglass BglassesCcandle Dcandles()7.(2013广东)Mum,Ive heard that we cant eat _ these days.Is it true?Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.Achicken BchickensCa chicken Dthe chickenAA()8.(2018惠州市惠阳区模拟)We can get much _ on the Internet.AphotosBideaCmessagesDinformation()9.(2018珠海市香洲区二模)Mr.Brown,would you please give me some _？I tried several times but failed.AideaBsuggestionCadviceDwarningDC()10.Can I help you?Id like to have 100 _.I want my students to draw pictures.Apiece of paperBpieces of paperCpieces of papersDpiece of papersB 1.s所有格：表示有生命事物的名词所有格。其构成为：考点 名词所有格(6年1考)情况分类例子单数名词在词尾加sthe boys mother 男孩的母亲复数名词以s结尾的复数名词后加two hours walk 两个小时的步行不规则复数名词后加sChildrens Day儿童节；Womens Day妇女节情况分类例子表示某物为各自所有时，各名词词尾均需加sJanes and Lucys pencils 简的铅笔和露西的铅笔表示某物为几人共有时，在最后一词词尾加sLucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房间表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词常省略the doctors 诊所；my uncles 我叔叔家2.of所有格：一般表示无生命事物的名词，通常用“of名词”结构来构成所有格。如：a map of China 一张中国地图；the gate of the school 学校的大门3.可用s或of短语表示的名词所有格。如：the boys namethe name of the boy 这个男孩的名字；the dogs legsthe legs of the dog 这条狗的腿4.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价值、国家等无生命的名词，也可以单数加s或复数加构成所有格。如：a weeks time 一周的时间，Chinas population 中国的人口，ten minutes walk 十分钟的步行，twenty miles journey 二十英里的旅程，three pounds weight 三磅的重量5.双重所有格：双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分。有“of s所有格”和“of名词性物主代词”两种形式。如：a dog of my neighbors 我邻居的一条狗；a friend of mine 我的一个朋友注意用介词to表示所属关系的几个常见搭配：the answer to the question,the key to the door,the entrance to the building()11.(2014广东)Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on _ Day.AWomanBWomen CWomans DWomensD 1.表示某个人物、事物、地点、组织、团体、机构、报刊或国家等名称的词。如：China,the Great Wall,Uncle Li,Mary Smith,the United Nations,China Daily,Peking University等。2.表示时间、语言、月份、节日等的名词。如：Sunday,December,Chinese,May Day等。考点 专有名词(6年1考)3.专有名词一般没有复数形式，但有时也会以复数形式出现。如：The Smiths are going to the USA tomorrow.史密斯一家打算明天去美国。4.单个专有名词的首字母要大写，当专有名词以词组形式表示时，其中的冠词、虚词等不用大写。如：the Great Wall长城；the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国名词词义辨析是广东中考完形填空的必考点，其解题关键是通过分析具体的语境来辨析名词的词义。1.结合广东近6年的中考真题，总结一些常考的名词。具体如下：2018年：research 研究promise 诺言purpose 目的experience 经历；经验result 结果cause 原因secret 秘密decision 决定考点 名词词义辨析(6年6考)2017年：bees蜜蜂birds鸟people人们scientists科学家practice练习business生意；商业instruction说明；须知 research研究2016年：luck好运；运气success成功safety安全hope希望trust相信；信任love喜爱money金钱health健康2015年：service服务knowledge知识 advice建议care照料；小心peace和平happiness幸福 mess脏乱；肮脏regret遗憾；抱歉2014年：fox狐狸frog青蛙bird鸟rabbit兔子face脸mouth嘴heart心；心脏shoulder肩膀shame 羞愧fear恐惧happiness开心kindness善良2013年：cook厨师doctor医生 coach教练cleaner清洁工 gifts礼物biscuits饼干candies糖果toys玩具2.其他常见名词词义辨析：(1)sound，voice，noise：sound“声音”；voice“嗓音”；noise“噪音”。如：I like the different sounds and smells of the forest.我喜欢森林里不同的声音和气息。The teacher said in a loud voice,“Please keep silent！”那位老师大声说：“请保持安静！”The noise at night makes him not sleep well.晚上的噪音让他睡不好觉。(2)idea，advice，suggestion：idea“主意”，为可数名词；advice“建议”，为不可数名词，常用a piece of advice表示“一条建议”；suggestion“建议”，为可数名词。如：I have a good idea to deal with the problem.我有一个解决这个问题的好主意。Could you give me some advice/suggestions on how to learn English well?你能给我一些学好英语的建议吗？(3)message，news，information：message“消息”，为可数名词；news“新闻；消息”，为不可数名词；information“消息”，为不可数名词。如：He left a message to me saying that he went shopping with his mother.他给我留了一条信息，说他和他妈妈去购物了。Computers can help us get much information on the Internet.电脑可以帮助我们在网上获取很多信息。I have a piece of good news to tell you.I have passed the exam.我有一条好消息要告诉你。我通过考试了。(4)job，work：job“工作”，为可数名词；work“工作”，为不可数名词。如：She got a job of washing clothes.她得到了一份洗衣服的工作。It takes a lot of work to build a building.建一座大楼需要很多工作。(5)amount，number：amount“数量”，与of连用，可接不可数名词；number“数量”，与of连用，可接可数名词复数。如：I need an amount of money to buy a house.我需要一笔钱来买房。There are a number of students in our school.在我们的学校有很多学生。()12.(2011广东)I hear you run for half an hour every day.Right,we have to.It is one of the _ in our school.ArulesBplansChobbies DchoicesA 名词盲填是广东近6年短文填空中的高频考点，分别为：可数名词单数(6年3考)，可数名词复数(6年2考)、不可数名词(6年1考)及专有名词(6年1考)，其中有4年是根据句子结构和上下文文意来判断，有2年是根据固定搭配来判断。常见的解题技巧如下：考点 名词盲填(6年5考)1根据句式结构判断法：(1)位于句首，在句中作主语。如：学生不应该花费太多时间玩电脑游戏。Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games.(2)位于动词或介词后，作宾语。如：我很喜欢英语。I like English very much.我们将乘公交车去上学。We will go to school by bus.(3)其前有名词修饰，作宾语。如：例如，那两个兄弟为了他们的科研项目不得不去学校图书馆借一些书 For example,the two brothers have to go to the school library to borrow books for their scientific projects.(2017,78题)(4)位于形容词后，作表语或宾语。如：后来，我在一个小餐馆工作，给客人提供服务，打扫桌子，洗盘子、扫地。Later,I worked in a small restaurant，serving the guests,cleaning up the tables,washing the dishes and sweeping the floors.(2014,76题)(5)位于限定词(冠词、量词、数词、形容词性物主代词等)之后。如：他们不得不做出很多改变。They have to make many changes.(2017,77题)他把她的鞋子脱掉，把她的脚放进了水里。He took off her shoes and put her feet into the water.(2016,75题)他们非常伤心，然后把米饭扔进河里喂鱼以便它们离他的躯体远些。They were very sad and then threw rice into the river to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body.(2013,74题)2.根据上下文文意判断法：(1)表单一的概念且前面有不定冠词修饰时用可数名词单数。(2)表两者及以上的概念，通常用可数名词复数形式。3.根据固定搭配判断法：常见名词固定搭配如下：all kinds of 各种各样的(2017,80题)this place of interest(2015,71题)at the age of.在岁时the way to.的办法on ones way to.在去的路上lose ones way 迷路in ones opinion 在某人看来make(great/much/little)progress 进步(很大/很多/很小)make a decision 做决定make a promise 承诺ask for help 寻求帮助give sb.a lesson 给某人一个教训learn a lesson(from.)(从)吸取教训the number of.的数量a number of.很多 to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是make a difference 起作用；产生影响play a role in.在中扮演角色/起作用have a good time 玩得愉快4.专有名词判断法：2013年6月12日，上周三，我玩得很愉快。那一天是中国的传统节日端午节。I had great fun last Wednesday,June 12th,2013.It was a traditional Chinese festival called Dragon Boat Festival that day.(2013,71题)注意根据语境判断名词及其单复数形式；注意名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的意义区别。()13.(2018汕头市金平区模拟)Your best friends will lose their _ in you if you tell their secrets to others.AtrustBtrustsCdoubt Ddoubts易错盘点易错点 名词单复数形式的混合考查A()14.(2018汕头市澄海区模拟)Young people have different _ for choosing takeaway food.So they do.Some consider takeaway food cheaper than eating in a restaurant.Areason BreasonsCinstruction Dinstructions()15.You should go out and do more _.Dont always stay at home,busy doing your _.Aexercise;exercisesBexercises;exerciseCexercises;exercisesDexercise;exerciseBA注意不规则名词复数的所有格形式、共有关系的所有格形式以及双重所有格形式的表示方法。()16.In China,we celebrate _ Day on June 1st,_ Day on September 10th.AChildrens;TeachersBChildren;Teachers CChildrens;TeachersDChildrens;Teachers易错点 名词所有格形式的混用A()17.This is _ bedroom.Its tidy and nice.ALilys and LucysBLily and LucysCLilys and LucyDLily and LucyB 根据语境分析不同名词所表达的具体含义，并能辨析它们之间的差异。例Yesterday Lucy told us such good _that we were all amazed at it.Asuggestion BideasCnews Danswer解题技巧技巧 语境辨析法C方法点拨第步：分析单词之间的区别：suggestion“建议”，为可数名词；idea“主意”，为可数名词；news“消息”，为不可数名词；answer“答案”，为可数名词。第步：such的用法：such a/anadj.可数名词单数形式，suchadj.可数名词复数形式/不可数名词。故可先排除A、D两项。第步：根据句意及后面的it可知选C。名词的固定搭配是中考考查的一个重要方面，因此熟记一些常见的名词固定搭配很有必要。详见考点6讲解。技巧 固定搭配法谢谢观看谢谢观看ExitExit
