英汉影视字幕翻译策略课件.ppt

Strategies for English-Chinese Film&TV Subtitling(英汉影视字幕翻译策略英汉影视字幕翻译策略)Two forms of translation of English films and TV series:nDubbing(配音配音):covering the original English voice by Chinese voice.nSubtitling(字幕翻译字幕翻译):providing synchronized(同步的同步的)Chinese subtitles for English speeches.Natures of Film&TV Subtitles(影视字幕的特性影视字幕的特性)translation of written or printed materials&translation of film and TV subtitles (文字材料的翻译文字材料的翻译 Vs 影视字幕的翻译影视字幕的翻译)Translation of printed or written materials:We can reread the part which we could not understand at first glance or which has been presented before.(阅读文字材料的翻译时阅读文字材料的翻译时,我们可以我们可以重读一时看不懂的部分重读一时看不懂的部分,也可以倒也可以倒回去看已经读过的部分回去看已经读过的部分.)Translation of film&TV subtitlesWe cannot reread the subtitles which we do not understand at first glance or which have been presented before,because subtitles disappear nearly immediately after the end of speeches.(我们无法重读一时难于理解的字幕以及前面曾出我们无法重读一时难于理解的字幕以及前面曾出现的字幕，因为随着话语的结束，字幕也会消失现的字幕，因为随着话语的结束，字幕也会消失.)nfilm and TV subtitles:Transient(转瞬即逝转瞬即逝)&Irreversible(不可回看不可回看)Time and Space Constraints(时间和空间限制时间和空间限制)nTime Constraints:The appearance and disappearance of each subtitle should coincide roughly with the beginning and end of the corresponding speeches,therefore,a subtitle can be kept on the screen for only several seconds.(由于字幕出现由于字幕出现 消失的时间大体上应与说话人开始消失的时间大体上应与说话人开始 结结束话语的时间一致束话语的时间一致,因此字幕在屏幕上的显示时间只有短因此字幕在屏幕上的显示时间只有短短几秒钟短几秒钟.)Time and Space ConstraintsnSpace Constraints:Considering the reading speed of viewers,some subtitle translators suggest that there should be only one line of Chinese subtitle each time,and the number of Chinese characters should be no more than 13 or 14.(考虑到观众的阅读速度考虑到观众的阅读速度,有字幕翻译者建议屏幕上每有字幕翻译者建议屏幕上每次只能显示一排汉字次只能显示一排汉字,而且字数不能超过而且字数不能超过13 或14个.)Natures of Film&TV Subtitles:nTransience and Irreversibility (瞬间性瞬间性,不可回看性不可回看性)nTime and Space Constraints (受时间受时间 空间制约空间制约)Principles for English-Chinese Film&TV Subtitling(影视字幕翻译原则影视字幕翻译原则)nConciseness(简洁简洁)nImmediate Comprehensibility(易懂易懂)Example 1-Hes probably not there,but if I dont at least look,Ill always wonder about it.from Sleepless in Seattle (西雅图夜未眠西雅图夜未眠)-他也许没来，但至少我应该去看看，他也许没来，但至少我应该去看看，否则我会老想着这件事否则我会老想着这件事.-他也许没来，但我不看不死心他也许没来，但我不看不死心.Example 2-Yes,I would just like to know where I could get this mans address.from Sleepless in Seattle-是的，我想知道如何才能得到这个人的是的，我想知道如何才能得到这个人的地址地址.-我想知道他的地址我想知道他的地址.nExample 3-And for a while I could not enter,for the way was barred to me.from Rebecca (蝴蝶梦蝴蝶梦)-由于大门深锁由于大门深锁,一时间不得其门而入一时间不得其门而入-由于大门紧锁由于大门紧锁,一时无法进入一时无法进入nExample 4-She stood there laughing,her black hair blowing in the wind-and told me all about herself-everything.from Rebecca -她站在崖上大笑她站在崖上大笑,黑发随风扬起黑发随风扬起 -诉说她的过往诉说她的过往,巨细靡遗巨细靡遗.Techniques for English-Chinese Film&TV Subtitling(英汉影视字幕翻译技巧英汉影视字幕翻译技巧)1.Using Simple Syntactic Structures (选用简单的句型结构选用简单的句型结构)不知你能不能把自行车借我用一下？不知你能不能把自行车借我用一下？我能借一下你的自行车吗？我能借一下你的自行车吗？给你看样你以前从没见过的东西。给你看样你以前从没见过的东西。给你看样新东西。给你看样新东西。明天为什么不去公园呢？明天为什么不去公园呢？明天去公园吧。明天去公园吧。你能不能不用我的东西？你能不能不用我的东西？别用我的东西。别用我的东西。2.Using Simple Vocabularies (选用简单词汇选用简单词汇)be miserly,stingy 悭吝悭吝 小气，吝啬小气，吝啬 be thin 清癯清癯 清瘦清瘦 be familiar with 熟谙熟谙 熟悉熟悉 be foolhardy,foolishly bold 暴虎冯河暴虎冯河 有勇无谋有勇无谋 Many a little makes a mickle.集腋成裘 积少成多积少成多 foot of a mountain 山麓山麓 山脚山脚 origin,source 滥觞滥觞 来源，起源来源，起源 be of great benefit 大有裨益大有裨益 大有好处大有好处Reducing Source Text(缩减原文缩减原文)nDeletion(省略省略):to leave out some words or phrases.nCondensation(浓缩浓缩):to maintain only the gist of the original text.(只译出原文信息的精髓要旨只译出原文信息的精髓要旨)nReductive Paraphrase(压缩性意译压缩性意译):to convey the meaning of the original utterance in a concise way.(用较为简短的语句译出原话用较为简短的语句译出原话的意义的意义)Will the conveyance of information much affected if we reduce the original utterance?(如果缩减原来的话语如果缩减原来的话语,信息传递会受到很大的影响吗信息传递会受到很大的影响吗?)No.Viewers do not just read subtitles.They also watch the picture on the screen and listen to the sound and music.Therefore,some loss of information in the subtitles can be compensated through other channels.(观众不只是看字幕观众不只是看字幕,他们还要看银幕上的画面他们还要看银幕上的画面,听声音听声音.因此因此,字字幕中某些信息的丢失可以通过其它渠道得到补偿幕中某些信息的丢失可以通过其它渠道得到补偿.)1)Deletion(省略省略)filler words(填充词填充词):“um”,“uh”,“er”,“ah”,“okay”,“so”,“actually”,“you know”,“well”,“but”,“anyway”,“look”,etc.repetition(重复重复):tautologies(同意语重复同意语重复):“look out”&“be careful”some exclamations(叹词叹词):“my goodness”,“oh,my God”,“Jesus”tag questions(附加疑问句附加疑问句):“dont you”,“isnt it”simple forms of address(称呼称呼),greetings or farewells:“sir”,“madam”,“good morning”,“hi”,“hello”,“goodbye”)Example 1Gumps mother tried to persuade the principal of an elementary school to admit Forrest.-Well,were all different.-所有人都不相同所有人都不相同 from Forrest Gump (阿甘正传阿甘正传)Example 2Forrest recalled the first day when he met Jenny.-You know its funny what a young man recollects.-年轻人的记忆很奇怪年轻人的记忆很奇怪 from Forrest Gump (阿甘正传阿甘正传)Example 3A thief pretended to be kindhearted by warning others to be on alert.When other people thanked him without caution,he stole their money rapidly.-Watch yourself.Be on guard.This place is full of vulture.-请你小心，这儿有许多坏人请你小心，这儿有许多坏人.from Casablanca (卡萨布兰卡卡萨布兰卡)Example 4-Oh,God,I forgot my present for your stepmother-I took it inside by accident.-我把送你继母的礼物忘在屋里了我把送你继母的礼物忘在屋里了 from Sleepless in Seattle (西雅图夜未眠西雅图夜未眠)Example 5-Walter.Its quite a formal name,isnt it?-华特，蛮正式的名字华特，蛮正式的名字 from Sleepless in SeattleExample 6Mrs.Gump was talking to Forrest,-Remember what I told you,Forrest.-记住我跟你说的话记住我跟你说的话 from Forrest Gump (阿甘正传阿甘正传)Example 7-Hi,Barry!Remember me?-巴瑞，记得我吗巴瑞，记得我吗?from Friends (老友记老友记)2)Condensation(浓缩浓缩):to maintain only the gist of the original text.(只译出原文信息的精髓要旨只译出原文信息的精髓要旨)Example Forrest talked about Jennys poor living conditions.-She lived in a house that was as old as Alabama.-她住在一间很旧的屋子她住在一间很旧的屋子 from Forrest Gump (阿甘正传阿甘正传)3.Reductive Paraphrase (压缩性意译压缩性意译):to convey the meaning of the original utterance in a concise way.(用较为简用较为简短的语句译出原话的意义短的语句译出原话的意义)Example 1Harriet:You can go there if you want,but dont open his refrigerator.哈丽亚特：去呀，但千万别开他冰箱哈丽亚特：去呀，但千万别开他冰箱They dont cover anything when they put it in the fridge.They just stick it in and leave it there till it walks out by itself.from Sleepless in Seattle(他们把东西放进冰箱时却不盖上，丢进去后就一直他们把东西放进冰箱时却不盖上，丢进去后就一直放到有东西从里面爬出来放到有东西从里面爬出来)男人最邋遢，东西放到生蛆男人最邋遢，东西放到生蛆Example 2Both Ugarte and Captain Renault earned a lot of money by selling visas(签证签证)to the refugees(难民难民).Ugarte tried to find an excuse to explain his action.-Think of the poor devils who cant meet Renaults price.I get it for them for half.from Casablanca(想想那些可怜的家伙，他们付不起雷诺开的价我想想那些可怜的家伙，他们付不起雷诺开的价我收他们半价收他们半价)-雷诺的价更高，我收半价雷诺的价更高，我收半价4.Combining Short Utterances (合并短小句子合并短小句子)Example 1-What about the engineer?Why cant he marry us on the train?from Casablanca-工程师怎么样工程师怎么样?为什么不让他在火车上替我们证婚呢为什么不让他在火车上替我们证婚呢?-火车上的工程师可替我们证婚火车上的工程师可替我们证婚Example 2-Five minutes in the microwave.Any one of them,five minutes and done.Ready to eat.from Sleepless in Seattle-微波炉加热五分钟微波炉加热五分钟.任何东西任何东西,五分钟就好了五分钟就好了,就可以吃就可以吃了了-微波炉热五分钟就可以吃微波炉热五分钟就可以吃Example 3-He doesnt have one now.Thats the problem.from Sleepless in Seattle-问题是他没有问题是他没有-他现在一个也没有他现在一个也没有.这就是问题所在这就是问题所在.Techniques for English-Chinese Film&TV SubtitlingnUsing Simple Syntactic Structures(选用简单的句型结构选用简单的句型结构)nUsing Simple Vocabularies(选用简单的词汇选用简单的词汇)nReducing Source Text(缩减原文缩减原文)1.Deletion(省略省略):to leave out some words or phrases.2.Condensation(浓缩浓缩):to maintain only the gist of the original text.(只译出原文信息的精髓要旨只译出原文信息的精髓要旨)3.Reductive Paraphrase(压缩性意译压缩性意译):to convey the meaning of the original utterance in a concise way.(用用较为简短的语句译出原话的意义较为简短的语句译出原话的意义)nCombining Short Utterances(合并短小句子合并短小句子)The End