物流英语transportation课件.ppt

Transportation:Modal ChoiceFactors and Methods FactorsThe factors affecting transport modal choice mainly include：lCost factors；lNon-cost factors(the individual needs of customers and the quality of service offered)*Cost FactorslThe cost factors refers to the logistics cost produced in the process of moving the freight.In logistics,our objective is to minimize the cost,at least to a satisfied level.*Non-cost Factorsl Customer individual needs Nowadays,in order to win the customers,more and more companies adjust their production model to meet the individual demands of their customers.It is the same to the transport field.The cost effectrailwayroadairwaywaterpipelinespeedslowfastfastestvery slowlowestCompletenessmoderately mostincompletenessmoderatelyincompletenessdependabilitymoderately undependabilityundependabilitymoderatelymostcapabilityvery slowmoderatelylimitedmostleastfrequencymoderatelyhighmostleastlowcostlowcomparable highhighestVery lowlost Methods There are a lot of methods to solve this kind of problem,for instance,method for minimized transport cost in Operation Research.However,in our own opinion,the most ideal method should combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis.Transportation rationalizationThe factors:The distance of transportation common rule-300km road 300500km railway 500km waterThe links in the transportationone more link will add the freight and total charge,have more accompanied activities,such as loading and unloading,packagesTransportation rationalizationThe vehicle:every kind of transportation has its advantages and disadvantages.Try to choose the model transportation which is the most economic,sufficient and convenience.Match the feature of the goodsThe timing of the transportation-speed up the vehicle turnover,give full play to the transportation powerThe chargeThe transportation scale:the larger scale charge,the less freight charge,share the expenseConclusionlThe choice of transport mode is not only up to the characteristics of the mode but also determined by the weight the customer attaches to from his own perspective.lWhen searching for the best mode,we should consider it to be a systemcomposed of relative elements with the modal choice.Transportation()Modal ChioceII.Railways lRailroad transport is used for moving large volumes of freight over long distances.Over the past years rail usage has declined as motor transport has taken over short haul business and water and pipeline carrier have taken bulk commodities freight.STRENGTHS:lRail transport offers cost advantages for high volume or long distance hauls.lIt has high average speeds.lThe railway effectively utilizes land space.lLess environmentally adverse.WEAKNESSES:lONE of the major weaknesses of railway is the inherent inflexibility of operation,fix(non-flexible)time schedules and service from terminal to terminal rather than from stocking location to stocking location.But the railways have to concentrate on seeking to satisfy needs that can be fitted into their pattern of operation.III.RoadslRoad transportation is controlled and guided independently by a driver.lMotor transport is the most utilized form.Motor transport equipment may be specialized such as automobile carriers,refrigerator trailers,and liquid tank trucks.STRENGTHS:lAny place can be serviced by road and can be changed at very short notice.There is less need for expensive terminal facilities and management effort can be supervised.lIt is easier to control because one person who can react quickly to the changing circumstances manages it.lThe advantages of motor transport are flexibility of both location and time and speed of delivery.WEAKNESSES:lThe size of the load is restricted by legislation and weights.l Roads are not used exclusively by one form of transport and congestion can occur which interferes with schedule planning and time keeping.l Restrictions are placed on the operation of road vehicles.IV.PipelineslPipelines are wellestablished for trunk haul,especially for crude oil and petroleum products.WEAKNESSES:l Cost of it rise rapidly and they are inflexible geographically to serve fixed locations.V.Airwaysl Air transport accounts for the smallest proportion of ton-mile traffic.STRENGTHS:l The major strength of air transport is the speed of travel.The longer the distance of the flight,the greater the time saving.l Air transport has a good public image and is perceived to be very glamorous.Air carriers are primarily used for:lEmergency transport ofcritical items;lSpeedy transportation of high-value,low-weight products;lSpeedy transportation ofperishable items.VI.Sea transport lWater transport is utilized for large loads of low-value-per-unit goods.The carriers are specialized for internal river,canal transport,and international deep-sea ships.WEAKNESSES:lThe speed of this transportation is very slow and operates continuously without a break.lAlthough the ship is relatively safe,but the accident will cause sever pollution and sometimes even loss of life.lThe environment places restriction on the free movement of most ships at some time in their working lives.