上海高中一年级英语牛津版第一学期第一课知识点-.pdf

1.look up A查阅；查找If there are words you dont understand,look them up in the dictionary如果有不认识的词，就查字典。注意：“查字典”应为look sth up in the dictionary而不能说 look up the dictionaryB看望Dont forget to look me up when you come to Beijing到了北京别忘了来看我。C向上看Look up!There is one cat on the top of the building.含有 look 的词组look after 照料My friend looked after my cat while I was on holiday.在我去度假的时候，我的朋友照料我的猫。Roberts old enough to look after himself.罗伯特这么大了,已经能照顾自己了。look back （与 on,to连用）回想，记起停滞不前From this time on,he never looked back.从此以后他便不断进步了。After he won the first game,he never looked back.他胜了第一局后,就节节胜利。look down on 轻视，看不起look forward to 盼望；期待：We are all looking forward to our holiday.我们都盼望着假期。Im looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。look in 顺便看望；短暂访问Can you come on Wednesday?Ill just look in my diary to see if Im free.你星期三能来吗?我要先看一下记事薄才能知道是否有空。look on （常与 as 连用）旁观May I look on with you?我可以跟你合看这本书吗?The bull looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.这头公牛一直同情地望着醉汉,直到醉汉不见了才重新把注意力转向斗牛士。看作(=look upon)I used to look on him as a friend.我以前把他看作是一位朋友。look out 注意Look out,theres a car coming.留神，汽车过来了。Look out!There is danger ahead.当心!前面危险。注意看找出；挑选出to look out a party dress 挑出一件赴宴会的衣服I have to look out those papers.我得把那些文件找出来。look over 翻阅，浏览look up 好转Things are looking up!情况正在好转!在书中查到When you do not understand a word,you can look it up in this dictionary.当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本词典。寻访到，探访（某人）On my way home,I looked up an old friend of mine.在回家的路上,我去看望了一下我的一个老朋友。look up to 尊敬2、glance at She glanced at Henry with a strange look.glance glare glitter glisten 的区别glance 表一瞥,扫视He glanced round the conference room.他扫视了一下会议室。glare 双重含义：一指怒视，二指发强光（两层意思在这个单词里得到完美统一，我们形容一个人怒目而视常会说他目光如炬）They stopped arguing and glared at each other.他们停止了争论,相互怒视着对方。The sunlight glared on the ice.阳光耀眼地照射在冰上glitter表闪闪发光,闪烁The sky glittered with a myriad stars.天空中繁星闪烁。glisten 闪耀;反光(+with)The leaves glisten with dew.叶子上的露水闪闪发光。3.hesitate的用法A.He did not hesitate to ask her to sit beside him.他果断地要她坐在他旁边。B.Embarrassment caused me to hesitate.窘迫使得我(讲话)吞吞吐吐。C.I hesitate to tell you the real truth.我不想告诉你实情。4.get down to(doing)sth Get down to 开始，着手Get down and begin to pray 跪下来祈祷Try to get the medicine down.设法把药吞下。Lets get down to-ties.我们考虑实际问题吧。Alright,lets get down to business.好，我们来谈正事吧！5.pick up A.表示“拾起”?“拿起”?“捡起”等意思?例如:Jack turned over the wallet he had picked up in the street to the police.杰克把在街上捡到的钱包交给了警察?He picked up the dictionary at hand and began to look up the new word in it.他拿起手边的词典开始查找这个生词?B.表示“中途搭载乘客”?“接人”等意思?例如:The train stopped several times to pick up passengers.火车沿途停了好几次,让乘客上车?Wait here and I ll pick you up at two o clock.在这儿等着,两点钟我来接你?C.表示“意外发现”?“学到”?“获得”等意思?例如:Looking through the evening paper last night,I picked up a wonderful poem.昨晚在浏览晚报时,我意外发现了一首好诗?While working in the factory,the students picked up a great deal of imformation on machinery.在工厂劳动期间,学生们学到了许多关于机械方面的知识?D.表示“收拾”?“整理”等意思?例如:The teacher told the students to pick up everything on the floor and get the room tidy before they went out.老师告诉学生们在出去之前把地上的东西收拾起来,把房间整理干净?Please pick up all your toys when you ve finished playing.你玩过后请把玩具收拾好?E.表示“看到”?“瞥见”等意思?例如:When they picked up the high tower in the distance,they knew they were nearing the city.看到远处的高塔,他们知道离那座城市不远了?We picked up the car again within a block.我们在一个楼群里又发现了那辆汽车?F.表示“(从电台?收音机)收听”?“接收”?“记录”等意思?例如:I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.我设法收听到一家美国电台的新闻广播?It is necessary to use a long wave radio to pick up the“Follow Me”program.必须用一台长波收音机才能收听到“跟我学”这个节目?G.表示“逮捕”?“拘捕”等意思?例如:She was picked up on stealing charges.她因被控偷窃而被拘捕?We picked up the thief who had stolen the diamond ring in a shop.我们逮住了在一家商店偷钻戒的贼?H.表示“加快(速度)”的意思?例如:The train was gradually picking up speed.火车逐渐加快了速度?I.表示“(颜色或家具)有少量的 颜色”的意思?例如:I like the way the curtains pick up the red and yellow in the rug.我喜欢那些窗帘带一点地毯中的红色和黄色?J.表示“(生意?生产?天气?健康?社交生活等)的好转”?“改进”?“提高”?“有起色”等意思?例如:The economy is finally beginning to pick up again.经济终于又开始有所好转?He picked up nicely after a long careful treat.经过较长时间的精心治疗后,他的 健康 恢复得很好?It seems as if the weather may pick up soon.看上去天气好像很快要放晴了?K.表示“重提(话题)”?“重新开始”?“继续”等意思?例如:She picked up the story where she had left it yesterday.她接着昨天没有讲完的故事往下讲?He left for two years and then came back expecting to pick up where they had left off.他离开(她)两年后又回来了,希望重新开始他们的关系?L.表示“收集到”的意思?例如:Can you pick up some special kind of stamps?你能收集到一些特种邮票吗?M.表示“与(指异性)偶然结识”?“结交”等意思?例如:I wish I could just go out and pick up a nice man.我希望我能够走出去并结识一个好男人?Where did Jack pick up with Mary?杰克在哪里结识玛丽的?N.表示“闻到(轻微味道)”?“听到(轻微声音)”等意思?例如:The dogs picked up the scent and raced off.那些狗嗅出了气味飞快地跑了?Then he picked up the even fainter aroma of apple pie.然后他闻到了一点更淡的苹果的香味?O.表示“用较少的钱买到”?“付款”的意思?例如:My friends knew where to pick up a good second-hand bike.我的朋友知道在哪里可以便宜地买到好的二手自行车?P.表示“跌倒后站(爬)起来”的意思?例如:She fell off her bike,but quickly picked up herself.她从自行车上摔了下来,但马上爬了起来?6.prefer 的用法A、后接不定式时与rather than 或 instead of 连用，如：He preferred to die rather than(to)steal./He perferred to die instead of stealing.他宁死也不去偷窃。B、注意介词搭配，如：I prefer swimming to skating.(I like swimming better than skating.)我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。prefer 因其本身含有比较之意，而不可再与more 或 most 连用。C、prefer名词或动名词“宁愿”，“更喜欢”。He comes from Shanghai,so he prefers rice.他是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭。I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑单车去。I prefer the white one.我喜欢那个白的。D、prefer to do“愿意做”。I prefer to go at once.我愿意马上就走。E、prefer sb.to do“愿意某人做”I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你马上就走。F、prefer to sth.“宁愿做.而不做.”.I prefer tea to milk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。I prefer watching TV to going out.我宁愿看电视也不出去。G、prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“宁愿做.而不做.”I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。H、prefer that 从句“宁愿”（从句一般用虚拟语气）I prefer that you should do it.我宁愿你做这件事。不能说 prefer sth rather than sth municate 的用法communicate(with)in writing.用书写的方式来交流。communicate with and within a group.在一个小组内互相交流。To communicate with or send communications by wireless.用无线电发送或联系用无线电报或电话联系或发送消息Fail to communicate with or understand sb else correctly 未与某人联系好；误解某人Common benefits are to be communicate with all;but peculiar benefits,with choice.平常的福利应该使大众共有，但是特殊的福利则应有选择。8make a good（deep/bad/poor）impression on sb 9.the key to sth/doing 10.consider 的 用法To form an opinion about;judge:对 评价；判断：considers waste to be criminal.认为浪费是有罪的To take into account;bear in mind:考虑到；顾及：Her success is not surprising if you consider her excellent training.如果你考虑过她所受的良好训练，你对她的成功就不会惊讶了To show consideration for:体贴关心：failed to consider the feelings of others.未能照顾到他人的感情To think carefully;reflect:仔细考虑；深思：Give me time to consider.给我时间仔细考虑回答者：I3adI3oy-高级魔法师六级7-12 14:47 consider 作动词时主要有以下四种用法:一、作 思考、考虑(=think about)解,后面可接动名词、由how,what 等+动词不定式 或者从句作宾语.但要特别注意,consider 后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语。例如:We are considering going to Hainan for the Spring Festival.我们在考虑赴海南过春节。He has never considered how to solve the problem.他从未考虑过如何解决那个问题。Do you consider that we can finish the project ahead of time?你认为我们能提前完成这个项目吗?二、consider v.还可作 顾虑到、顾及、体谅(=take into account)解。这时其后用名词或动名词作宾语。例如:All of you should consider the feelings of other people.你们必须顾及到他人的感情。Although he has made such a stupid mistake,you should consider his youth.尽管他犯了那样愚蠢的错误,你应该体谅他还年轻。三、作 认为、以为、觉得(=be of the opinion,regard as)解时,后面多接宾语从句,这时一般不接动名词作宾语。例如:I consider that he is fit for the position of the manager.我认为他胜任经理的位置。We consider that you are not to blame.我们认为这不是你的错。He has never considered the fact that his family is not very rich.他从未考虑过他家并不富裕这一事实。consider 作认为 解时,后面还可以接一个宾语和一个动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成复合宾语结构,但这种结构的动词不定式主要是to be+名词/形容词;有时也可以是其它不定式,不过这种不定式多用完成时。例如:We always consider him to be a weak leader.我们一直认为他是个能力不强的领导。They consider Jim(to be)the cleverest boy in their class.他们认为吉姆是他们班最聪明的学生。I consider her to have done wonderfully in the final exam.我认为她在期末考试中表现得非常出色。注:consider 作认为 解时,后面偶尔也出现接不定式作宾语的情况,不过这时大都用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语后移。例如:Do you consider it wise to interfere?你觉得干预是明智的吗?四、固定结构 consider.as/to be+名词/形容词 多侧重于表示经过思考认为 是。例如:We consider his suggestion as having possibilities.我们认为他的建议具有可行性。They considered the plan as reasonable.他们认为这个计划是合理的11.lack of 的用法lack n.欠缺，不足；vt.缺少,，(对),不充裕。例如：The project failed due to lack of money.那项计划因资金不足而失败。Lack of heat made us cold.没有暖气使我们感到很冷。She lacked the experience to get the job.她经验不足，无法获得这份工作。12.lead to 的用法This interest led him to invent the microphone.lead to 带路，指引，领导领先，带头 vi.通向 导致 lead sb.into sth.使某人.lead sb.to do sth.让某人做 lead sb.(in)doing 带领某人做Her trusting nature often led her into trouble