基本结构 五大句型.ppt
英英语中的五种基本句型中的五种基本句型2021/8/8 星期日1 英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下:英语五种基本句型列式如下:英语五种基本句型列式如下:英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:基本句型一:基本句型一:基本句型一:+(主谓)(主谓)(主谓)(主谓)基本句型二:基本句型二:基本句型二:基本句型二:+(主系表)(主系表)(主系表)(主系表)基本句型三:基本句型三:基本句型三:基本句型三:+(主谓宾)(主谓宾)(主谓宾)(主谓宾)基本句型四:基本句型四:基本句型四:基本句型四:+IO+IO+(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五:基本句型五:基本句型五:基本句型五:+(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)2021/8/8 星期日2基本句型基本句型 一一+(主谓)(主谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。语从句等。2021/8/8 星期日3 (不及物(不及物(不及物(不及物动词动词动词动词)1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone2021/8/8 星期日4基本句型 二+(主系表)(主系表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:词分两类:be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundbe,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,表示情况;等属一类,表示情况;get,grow,become,get,grow,become,turn,goturn,go等属另一类,表示变化。等属另一类,表示变化。be be 本身没有什本身没有什么意义么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand:stay,prove,remain,stand2021/8/8 星期日5(是系(是系(是系(是系动词动词动词动词)(表表表表语语语语)1.This 1.This 2.The dinner2.The dinner3.He 3.He 4.Everything4.Everything5.He 5.He 6.The book 6.The book 7.The weather 7.The weather 8.His face8.His face is is smells(smells(闻闻闻闻)fell fell looks looks is is is is becamebecameturned turned an English dictionary.an English dictionary.good.good.happy.happy.different.different.tall and strong.tall and strong.interesting.interesting.warmer.warmer.red.red.2021/8/8 星期日6 基本句型基本句型 三三+(主谓宾)(主谓宾)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。做及物动词。2021/8/8 星期日7(实义动词实义动词实义动词实义动词)(宾语宾语宾语宾语)1.Who1.Who 2.She 2.She 3.He 3.He 8.He 8.He 5.They 5.They 6.Danny 6.Danny 7.I 7.I 4.He 4.He knows knows laugh at laugh at understands understands made made ate ate likes likes want want said said the answer?the answer?her.her.English.English.cakes.cakes.some apples.some apples.donuts.donuts.to have a cup of tea.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.Good morning.2021/8/8 星期日8 基本句型基本句型 四四+IO+(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。2021/8/8 星期日9(及(及物)物)(多(多指人)指人)(多指物)(多指物)1.She2.She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 4.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.2021/8/8 星期日10 基本句型基本句型 五五+(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。语,才能使意思完整。2021/8/8 星期日11(及物)(及物)(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.2021/8/8 星期日12典型例典型例题分析分析(二)(二)2021/8/8 星期日131.They work hard.1.They work hard.主主主主 +谓谓谓谓2.The flower is dead.2.The flower is dead.主主主主+系系系系+表表表表3.Plants need water.3.Plants need water.主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds.主主主主+谓谓谓谓+直宾直宾直宾直宾+简宾简宾简宾简宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾+宾补宾补宾补宾补6.Many animals live in trees.6.Many animals live in trees.主主主主 +谓谓谓谓2021/8/8 星期日14 除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五(面以基本句型五(v+o+o.c)为例:)为例:We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。2021/8/8 星期日15 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握掌握动词的类型动词的类型。以。以 get 为例:为例:Hes getting angry.(S V P)He got through the window.(S V O)Youll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet.(S V O C)He got himself into trouble.(S V O C)He got her a splendid present.(S V 0 O)在句子中在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。我很容易地找到了这本书。S V O M)I found the book easy.我觉得这本书很容易。我觉得这本书很容易。(S V O C)I have to do something.我得做点事。我得做点事。I have something to do.我有点事做。我有点事做。2021/8/8 星期日16 A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah,returns with her family following the ceasefire,at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14,2006.S +V 2021/8/8 星期日17 A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S.team on its way to the world championships.S +V+O 2021/8/8 星期日18 Ministry:Thai bird flu did not originate in China According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities,a verdict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)and the bird flu research and test centre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand and Laos was similar to recent finds in southern China,the ministrys statement said.s+v+p A policeman removes a check point notice from the road to the village where bird flu patient were found in Zhongwei County,northwest Ningxia Autonomous Region,August 12,2006.Xinhua2021/8/8 星期日19Members of Hong Kong singing group,Gillian Chung(L)and Charlene Choi hold a banner which reads“Dignity”during a news conference entitled“Privacy and dignity:Hong Kong peoples business”in Hong Kong August 28,2006.Semi-nude(半裸半裸)photos of Chung taken with a hidden camera have sparked an uproar(骚动骚动)among fans and womens right groups.S+V+O2021/8/8 星期日20 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.(NMET2003.C篇)篇)这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法国女科学出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。两个定语从句。2021/8/8 星期日21 Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long,the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.S+V+P Josephine Tesauro,left,active and healthy at 92,is part of a study trying to determine why some people age better than others,even when they are closely related.2021/8/8 星期日22 Washington says world powers are poised to begin discussing punitive measures next week against Iran if,as expected,the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)reports Teheran has ignored the UN demand to stop enriching uranium by August 31.2021/8/8 星期日232021/8/8 星期日249、静夜四无邻,荒居旧业贫。2022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202210、雨中黄叶树,灯下白头人。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/2022 5:07:45 PM11、以我独沈久,愧君相见频。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Dec-2225-Dec-2212、故人江海别,几度隔山川。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202213、乍见翻疑梦,相悲各问年。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202214、他乡生白发,旧国见青山。25 十二月 20222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2515、比不了得就不比,得不到的就不要。十二月 222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202216、行动出成果,工作出财富。2022/12/252022/12/2525 December 202217、做前,能够环视四周;做时,你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/259、没有失败,只有暂时停止成功!。2022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202210、很多事情努力了未必有结果,但是不努力却什么改变也没有。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/2022 5:07:45 PM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Dec-2225-Dec-2212、世间成事,不求其绝对圆满,留一份不足,可得无限完美。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202213、不知香积寺,数里入云峰。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。25 十二月 20222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2515、楚塞三湘接,荆门九派通。十二月 222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202216、少年十五二十时,步行夺得胡马骑。2022/12/252022/12/2525 December 202217、空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/259、杨柳散和风,青山澹吾虑。2022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202210、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/2022 5:07:45 PM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Dec-2225-Dec-2212、越是无能的人,越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202213、知人者智,自知者明。胜人者有力,自胜者强。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。25 十二月 20222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2515、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。十二月 222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202216、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。2022/12/252022/12/2525 December 202217、一个人即使已登上顶峰,也仍要自强不息。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25MOMODA POWERPOINTLorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit.Fusce id urna blandit,eleifend nulla ac,fringilla purus.Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus.感感 谢谢 您您 的的 下下 载载 观观 看看专家告诉2021/8/8 星期日25