高考英语二轮复习 专题2 第14课时 定语从句精品课件 大纲人教（贵州专用）.ppt

专题单项填空单项填空 第第14课时课时 定语从句定语从句二二2021/8/11 星期三1体体验高考高考 1.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt,_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.(2011全国大纲卷)A.this B.that C.what D.which2021/8/11 星期三2 D考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前面的整个句子。思路点拨思路点拨体体验高考高考2021/8/11 星期三3体体验高考高考 2.I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.(2010全国大纲卷)A.who B.that C.as D.what2021/8/11 星期三4 B考查定语从句中不定代词something作主语，用that引导。思路点拨思路点拨体体验高考高考2021/8/11 星期三5【考点1】限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较：高考指高考指南南 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式其前无逗号其前有逗号翻译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词的定语)译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句关系词可用that引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省不可用that引导；关系词一律不省意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整)起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响)2021/8/11 星期三6【考点2】介词关系代词连用时，介词的选用 She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _ had taken more than three years.(2011江西卷)A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三7 C我们可以说whose construction，也可以 说 the construction of which of which the construction,介词of 表所属关系。解析解析解析解析高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三8高考指高考指南南 介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词which/whom,不能用that或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。2021/8/11 星期三9【考点3】as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较 _ is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.Which D.What高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三10 BA、D不能引导定语从句，C引导的从句不可放句首。As is known to everybodyas everybody knows“正如大家所知道的”.该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels around the earth once every month.解析解析解析解析高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三11高考指高考指南南 as和which的相同点：(1)先行词都可指代整个主句；(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as和which的不同点：(1)as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行；(2)as有“正如”之意，而which表示“这一点”。2021/8/11 星期三12【考点4】关系代词与关系副词的选用 I will never forget the day _I came to my university and the day _I spent in a new city.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三13 A解答该题要搞清楚两个先行词都是表示时间的名词the day在定语从句中所充当的成分，第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when。第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。解析解析解析解析高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三14高考指高考指南南 如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，引导词用when,where,why；有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或理由，但是引导词在从句中不作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语，引导词则用that或which。2021/8/11 星期三15 Men are more suited to occupational environments _ require decisive action while women are better at jobs _ a considered approach is most important.A.which;that B./;when C.which;when D.that;where高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三16 D第一空用关系代词that或which 作主语，不可以省略。第二空用关系副词where，因为后句意思完整，不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和后面定语从句意思，确定用关系副词whereat which表地点，作地点状语。解析解析解析解析高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三17高考指高考指南南 定语从句中如果先行词是地点，而引导词在从句中可作地点状语，引导词用where；如果先行词是时间，而引导词在从句中可作时间状语，引导词用when。2021/8/11 星期三18【考点5】定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别 Was it in the street _ our school is located in _ the car accident happened?A.where;that B.where;which C.that;which D.which;that高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三19 D本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空考查定语从句，that或which作第二个in的宾语；第二空考查强调句型。解析解析解析解析高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三20高考指高考指南南 1.区别定语从句与同位语从句最简单的方法是：在先行词与从句之间加be动词，若句子成立，则是同位语从句；若句子不成立，则可能为定语从句。The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family.由于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立，因此“that he has passed the exam”是the news的同位语。2021/8/11 星期三21高考指高考指南南 The news that he told me this morning is not interesting.由 于“The news is that he told me this morning”不成立，于是“that he told me this morning”不是the news的同位语，而是限定the news的定语从句。2021/8/11 星期三22高考指高考指南南 2.区别定语从句与强调句最简单的方法是：若将It is/was和that/who去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。2021/8/11 星期三23【考点6】定语从句的主谓一致 1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。I,who am your close friend,will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三24 2.one of 复数名词 关系代词 复数动词；而the only one of 复数名词 关系代词 单数动词。Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers.Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire.高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三25 3.非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He has passed the exam,which makes us surprised.Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.高考指高考指南南2021/8/11 星期三262021/8/11 星期三27