高考英语语法 状语.ppt

Adverbial状语是用来修饰状语是用来修饰动词动词,形容词形容词,副词或整个句子副词或整个句子的句子的句子成分成分.充当状语的一般为充当状语的一般为副词副词(词组词组),名词名词(词组词组),介词短语介词短语,不定式短语不定式短语,-ed分词短语分词短语,-ing分词短语分词短语,从句从句等等.1.副词词组副词词组We like this picture very much.The doctor looked over Mrs.Brown very carefully.2.名词词组名词词组They worked day and night.We must serve the people heart and soul.2021/8/11 星期三1名词作状语的用法归纳名词作状语的用法归纳 (1)表示时间的名词前面有表示时间的名词前面有one,some,the,this,that,last,next,every,all 等词修饰等词修饰时。时。Many common injuries happen every day in the home.每天家里会发生一些常见的外伤事故。每天家里会发生一些常见的外伤事故。Which subject is he going to study this term?这学期他将学什么课程？这学期他将学什么课程？2021/8/11 星期三2(2)表示时间的名词修饰其后的表示时间的名词修饰其后的 ago,since,before,after,week,month等词时。等词时。I saw him two weeks ago.我在两周前见过他。我在两周前见过他。Many years later,he became a millionaire.很多年过去了，他成了百万富翁。很多年过去了，他成了百万富翁。(3)名词或名词词组前的名词或名词词组前的during或或 for省略之后，名省略之后，名词就直接作了状语。词就直接作了状语。Could you wait(for)a few days for the money?这钱，你们可以等几天吗？这钱，你们可以等几天吗？Nothing happened(during)the whole vacation.整个假期，什么事也没发生。整个假期，什么事也没发生。2021/8/11 星期三3(4)表示数量的名词，放在表示数量的名词，放在long,broad,wide,high,tall,deep,strong,thick,old等形容词之前，作状语。等形容词之前，作状语。The bridge is 3000 metres long.这座桥有这座桥有3000米长。米长。He is thirty years old.他三十岁了。他三十岁了。(5)表示次数、距离、方向、程度、价值、状态的名表示次数、距离、方向、程度、价值、状态的名词作状语。词作状语。Take this medicine three times a day.这种药一天服用三次。这种药一天服用三次。Come this way,please.请这边走。请这边走。2021/8/11 星期三4(6)比较级前的名词也是直接作状语。比较级前的名词也是直接作状语。I got up an hour earlier than usual.我今早上比平时早起了一个小时。我今早上比平时早起了一个小时。3.介词短语介词短语She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.To everyones surprise,Mr.King refused.4.不定式短语不定式短语My father was surprised to hear the news.It is too hot to wear the coat.5.-ing分词短语分词短语They entered the room,talking and laughing.2021/8/11 星期三56.-ed分词短语分词短语Einstein walked along the street,lost in thought.Given more time,I would have done much better.7.从句从句Was it snowing when you left the cinema?Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.2021/8/11 星期三6状语的分类状语的分类:状语按照内容可分为状语按照内容可分为时间时间,地点地点,原因原因,目的目的,结果结果,条件条件,让步让步,方式方式,程度程度,伴随状况伴随状况等等.1.时间状语时间状语I often get up early.He came to Shanghai last month.2.地点状语地点状语He studies at the First Middle School.She works a long way from home.We ate our picnic under some trees.2021/8/11 星期三73.原因状语原因状语They came late because of the rain.He jumped for joy.4.目的状语目的状语He stopped to have a look.He went to buy an evening newspaper.5.结果状语结果状语The book is too difficult for them to read.I arrived too late to catch the train.2021/8/11 星期三86.条件状语条件状语Ill come to see you if I have time.I cant do it without your help.7.方式状语方式状语Mr.Pattis replied with a laugh.Mr.Gao often goes to work by bike.8.程度状语程度状语I feel quite well.I really enjoyed it.This problem is difficult enough.2021/8/11 星期三99.频度状语频度状语He usually eats at home.He is always fond of talking.10.让步状语让步状语Although it was late,he went on working.They succeeded in spite of all difficulties.11.伴随状语伴随状语She stood there,listening to the radio.He entered the room with a book under his arm.2021/8/11 星期三10状语的位置状语的位置:英语中状语的位置比较灵活英语中状语的位置比较灵活,影响状语位置的因素很影响状语位置的因素很多多,如如强调的程度强调的程度,句子的平衡及状语本身的长短句子的平衡及状语本身的长短等都等都可以影响状语的位置可以影响状语的位置.1.修饰谓语的状语通常放在谓语修饰谓语的状语通常放在谓语(及宾语及宾语)之后之后.He walked very quickly.I saw him the other day.The match was put off because of rain.2.有多个状语时有多个状语时,一般把单位小的放在单位大的前面一般把单位小的放在单位大的前面,地点状语常放在时间状语之前地点状语常放在时间状语之前,方式状语一般放在时方式状语一般放在时间间,地点状语之前地点状语之前.2021/8/11 星期三113.表示频度的副词如表示频度的副词如often,usually,always,sometimes,seldom,ever,never,rarely,generally,constantly等等,通常放在通常放在主动词前主动词前,情态动情态动词词,助动词助动词,be动词后动词后.He is always busy.I usually go to work at eight in the morning.4.不定式短语作目的状语一般放在句末不定式短语作目的状语一般放在句末,有时为了强有时为了强调也可放在句首调也可放在句首,作结果状语则常放在动词后面作结果状语则常放在动词后面.Most countries use these satellites to send and receive messages.To make himself understood,he raised his voice.2021/8/11 星期三12Two years later,her father disappeared,never to be heard from again.5.-ing分词短语作方式分词短语作方式,伴随状语常放在被修饰的动词伴随状语常放在被修饰的动词后后,作时间作时间,原因状语等常放在句首原因状语等常放在句首,作结果作结果,目的状语目的状语常位于句末常位于句末.They are now at breakfast,talking about the plan for their trip.Having finished my homework,I went out to play football.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only the bones.2021/8/11 星期三13状语从句状语从句状语从句由状语从句由从属连词从属连词引导引导,从属连词在从句中不充当从属连词在从句中不充当成分成分.根据从句表达的意思不同根据从句表达的意思不同,可分为可分为时间时间,地点地点,原因原因,条件条件,目的目的,结果结果,让步让步,比较比较等状语从句等状语从句.1.时间状语从句时间状语从句引导的从属连词有引导的从属连词有:when,whenever,after,before,as,as soon as,while,till/until,since,once.如果如果主句是一般将来时主句是一般将来时,在时间状语从句中用一般现在时在时间状语从句中用一般现在时.As the students watched him quietly,he mixed the three liquids together.When this soil is destroyed,the forest land will become sand again.2021/8/11 星期三14有时名词有时名词every time,the next time,the next day,the moment等也可以起从属连词的作用等也可以起从属连词的作用,引导时间引导时间状语从句状语从句.Every time you get back at night,you drop your shoes on the floor.Dont stop every time you come to a word or phrase you dont know.The next time you see a watch,look at the back.I didnt have a penny the last time I saw you.The moment he reached the country,he started his research.2021/8/11 星期三15有些副词如有些副词如immediately,instantly,directly等也可以等也可以起从属连词的作用起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句,表示一表示一就就The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.Directly the master came in,everyone was quiet.2.地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由一般由where,wherever引导引导.We should to where we are needed.Where there is no rain,farming is difficult.You can take it with you wherever you go.2021/8/11 星期三163.原因状语从句原因状语从句一般由一般由because,since,as,now that等引导等引导.I dont drink beer,because I have to drive home after the party.Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.Why do people come to his lecture since he is difficult to understand?Now that they could ride horses,it became easier to hunt the bison.2021/8/11 星期三174.条件状语从句条件状语从句一般由一般由if,unless,once,as/so long as等引导等引导.Dont touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.You may stay in my room,as long as you are quiet.If you work hard,you are sure to succeed.Hell be OK if do one small operation.Once you begin,you must continue.2021/8/11 星期三185.目的状语从句目的状语从句一般由一般由that(以便以便),so that,in order that等引导等引导.Drive carefully so that everyone can enjoy a long life.She got up early in order that she might be in time for class.so that引导目的状语从句时引导目的状语从句时,从句中常有从句中常有may,can,could等情态动词等情态动词,而引导结果状语从句时一般不与而引导结果状语从句时一般不与情态动词连用情态动词连用.He got up early so that he could catch the train.He got up early so that he caught the train.2021/8/11 星期三196.让步状语从句让步状语从句一般由一般由though,although,as,even if/though,no matter who/what/how,whatever,whoever,however等引导等引导.Although the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for him.Im determined to enjoy myself as much as possible,even though I cant see everything.No matter what he says,I dont believe him.However hard he tries,he never seems able to do the work well.2021/8/11 星期三20no matter how/who/what/when/where 等只引导状等只引导状语从句语从句,而而what/who/when/where+ever 既可引导状既可引导状语从句又可引导名词性从句语从句又可引导名词性从句.Whoever/No matter who breaks the law,he will be punished.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.7.比较状语从句比较状语从句一般由一般由asas,not as/soas,than引导引导.English is as important as maths.It is not as/so easy as you thought.We came earlier than they did.2021/8/11 星期三218.方式状语从句方式状语从句一般由一般由as(正如正如),as if/as though引导引导.You must do everything as I do.He spoke as if he knew the question very well.He worked so hard as if he never knew tiredness.Youre fine just as you are.All day long he worked at making shoes,as he had done in prison.2021/8/11 星期三229.结果结果/程度状语从句程度状语从句一般由一般由so that,so/suchthat引导引导.There were so may beautiful things that it was hard to choose.He is ill,so that he cant go to school.He became so angry that he couldnt speak.10.范围状语从句范围状语从句一般由一般由as/so far as(尽尽,就）就）引导。引导。So far as I know you shouldnt have any problems there.2021/8/11 星期三232021/8/11 星期三24