动词时态学习.pptx
什么是时态？所谓时态，就是指动作发生的时间和所处状态（状况）。时态由动词的词形变化和动词的组合形式表现出来。时态主要用于谓语动词，有些也用于非谓语动词。第1页/共48页在英语中，不同时间发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来表示，这每一种不同的形式就叫做时态。时时 态态一、定义：第2页/共48页时态表示的4种时间现在-眼下这一时刻，或一段时间。这一时间伸缩性较大，可长可短。英语用动词原形或现在式表现在。现在work speak第3页/共48页时态表示的4种时间过去-指现在这时刻以前的某一时刻、某一 段时间或者所有过去时间。用动词的过去式表示过去。worked spoke现在过去某一时刻过去一段时间第4页/共48页时态表示的4种时间将来-指现在以后的任何时刻、时段或全部时间。用will或shall表示将来。will work will speak现在未来 某一时刻未来 某一段时间第5页/共48页时态表示的4种时间过去将来-在过去某时刻之后的时间。一般我们说将来是以现在为起点往未来看，而过去将来是将起点往过去移一步，即过去某时间的未来，比如前天是过去的，前天以后的任何时间都是前天的将来，昨天、今天、明天，以后任何时间都是前天的将来。英语用动词would表过去将来。现在过去过去将来第6页/共48页时态表示的4种状态一般-经常性的动作、状态；一次性的动作。经常性的动作：I sing English songs every day.经常性的状态：We love China.一次性的动作：They climbed up the mountain.第7页/共48页时态表示的4种状态进行-表示在某一时刻或一段时间正在发生的动作。某一时刻正在发生：Jane is writing a letter.某一段时间正在发生：Now I am working in IBM.第8页/共48页时态表示的4种状态完成-在某一时刻前已经做完的动作或一直持续的状态。某时刻前完成的动作：He has graduated from middle school.某一时刻前已一直持续的状态：She has been a nurse for two years.第9页/共48页时态表示的4种状态完成进行-表示两个内容：在某一时刻前一直不断地进行的动作；这动作已结束了（有时也可能继续做下去）。某时刻前一直不断地进行的动作：你刚才一直在做什么？What have you been doing?I have been playing basketball.第10页/共48页 状态基本结构 时间 一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来过去将来一般 现在时现在 进行时现在 完成时现在完成进行时一般 过去时一般 将来时过去 将来时过去 进行时过去 完成时过去完成进行时将来 进行时将来 完成时将来完成 进行时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时16种时态（动词型谓语）结构规律一览表第11页/共48页 状态 基本结构 V时间 一般进行完成完成进行be+V-ing现在过去将来过去将来have+P.Phave been+V-ing改1加1V/V3V-ed+will+would将基本结构中的第一个动词改为原形或第三人称单数形式将基本结构中的第一个动词改为动词过去式，特别要注意不规则动词的变化 在基本结构前加上will就行了，结构没有进行变化。在基本结构前加上would就行了，结构没有进行变化。第一个动词英语中谓语动词一般由14个动词构成，时态变化主要表现在第一个动词上。第12页/共48页 状态 基本结构 时间 一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来过去将来dodoesam doingis doingare doinghave donehas donehave been doinghas been doingdidwas doingwere doinghad donehad been doingwill doshall dowill be doingshould be doingwill have doneshall have donewill have been doingshall have been doingwould doshould dowould be doingshould be doingwould have doneshould have donewould have been doingshould have been doing以动词do为例词进行练习。先结构，后改1，和加1熟记基本结构，灵活应用规则第13页/共48页二、时态的种类：一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时过去将来时 现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 过去将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时 将来完成时过去将来完成时 现在完成进行时过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时英语中共有16种时态第14页/共48页三、时态的用法、一般现在时一般现在时：是：是表述现在或经表述现在或经常性的动作，状态常性的动作，状态A.表述表述现阶段或经常性的动作，状态现阶段或经常性的动作，状态。他每天骑自行车上学。他每天骑自行车上学。He goes to school by bike every day.B.表客观真理表客观真理 地球绕着太阳转。地球绕着太阳转。The earth goes round the sun.第15页/共48页C.C.表计划，决定,时刻表。The train leaves at 17:40.D.D.用于时间，条件，方式，让步状语 从句中，表示将要发生的动作。If you speak slowly,I understand.If it doesnt rain tomorrow,wellgo on a picnic.第16页/共48页2.一般过去时：一般过去时：表示过去的事情，表示过去的事情，动作或状态，与表示过去具体的时动作或状态，与表示过去具体的时 间状语连用，用于表达过去的习惯。间状语连用，用于表达过去的习惯。.表示表示过去完成的事或存在的状态过去完成的事或存在的状态I met him last month.She looked well when I last saw her.Did you see my watch this morning?第17页/共48页B.描述描述几个相继发生过的动作。几个相继发生过的动作。I always got up too late,washed my face,had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.C.since 从句常用过去时。从句常用过去时。You havent changed much since we last met.Its three days since he went abroad.第18页/共48页3.一般将来时：一般将来时：表示一个将要发生表示一个将要发生 的动作或状态。的动作或状态。A.表示将要发生的事情。表示将要发生的事情。I will see you tomorrow.He will lose the job if he doesnt work hard.第19页/共48页B.be going to do sth 表表打算，想打算，想 要，准备做某事要，准备做某事he is going to be a doctor when he grows up.C.be about to sth+V 表示表示即将即将,就要就要 she is about to go home.D.be to do sth 表表计划计划,决定决定,要求要求 you are to get here before 6.Am I to go on with the work?第20页/共48页4.现在进行时：现在进行时：表示说话时或现阶段表示说话时或现阶段 内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。A.说话时动作正在进行着。说话时动作正在进行着。What are you doing here?I am writing a letter.B.表现阶段内（说话时不一定进行）表现阶段内（说话时不一定进行）正在进行的动作。正在进行的动作。The workers are building a building.第21页/共48页C.表示已具体表示已具体“计划计划,安排安排”的将来的将来 的动作。的动作。She is leaving for Beijing this evening.Im flying to Shanghai tomorrow.D.表示特定的感情色彩。表示特定的感情色彩。She is always thinking of others instead of herself.we are looking forward to seeing you again.第22页/共48页5.现在完成时：现在完成时：He has phoned me about the theft.I have just come back from the U.S.He has turned off the light.A.表示表示动作已发生，这个动作的结果对动作已发生，这个动作的结果对 现在仍有影响常与现在仍有影响常与already,yet,now,just,by this time等时间状语连用等时间状语连用第23页/共48页B.表表一个动作从过去发生一个动作从过去发生,一直持续一直持续 到现在。到现在。I have learned English for more than 6 years.We have known each other sincechildhood.第24页/共48页C.have been 和和 have gone的区的区别。别。It cant be Jim.he has gone to town.John knows the way well.He has been to the city before.第25页/共48页D.瞬间瞬间动词和动词和持续性持续性动词动词1.他来北京五天了。他来北京五天了。He has come to Beijing for 5 days.He has been in Beijing for 5 days.第26页/共48页D.瞬间瞬间动词和动词和持续性持续性动词动词Xiao Ming has joined the League for three years.Xiao Ming has been in the League for 3 years.Xiao Ming has been a League member for 3 years2.小明入团三年了。小明入团三年了。第27页/共48页3.这本书他买了一年了。这本书他买了一年了。He has bought this book for a year.He has had this book for a year.D.瞬间瞬间动词和动词和持续性持续性动词动词第28页/共48页4.这本书他借了三天了。这本书他借了三天了。He has borrowed the pen for three days.He has kept the book for 3 days.D.瞬间瞬间动词和动词和持续性持续性动词动词第29页/共48页5.我们离开广州六年了。我们离开广州六年了。We have left Guangzhou for 6 years.We have been away from Guangzhou for 6 years.D.瞬间瞬间动词和动词和持续性持续性动词动词第30页/共48页E.since引导的从句中如果是引导的从句中如果是持续持续 性动词性动词，则表示这一行为的，则表示这一行为的终止终止；如果是如果是瞬间动词瞬间动词，则表示这一，则表示这一 行为的行为的开始开始Its weeks since I feel ill.我生病好几周了。我生病好几周了。Its weeks since I was ill.我病好了好几周了。我病好了好几周了。第31页/共48页1.a)I often play basketball.b)Im playing basketball now.is what I do regularly.is what Im doing now.Explain the difference in meaning between Sentences a)and b)第32页/共48页2.a)Shes gone to the Great Wall.b)Shes been to the Great Wall twice.She is still at the Great Wall.She has come back from the Great Wall.第33页/共48页3.a)They had an English class yesterday.b)They were having an English class at nine oclock yesterday morning.They did it in the past.They were doing it at a specific time.第34页/共48页4.a)Hes doing an interview.b)Hes done an interview.Hes doing the interview now.He has already finished the interview.第35页/共48页5.a)Were making a poster about the Great Wall now.b)Well make a poster about the Great Wall.Theyre making the poster now.They will make it in the future.第36页/共48页F.现在完成时常用现在完成时常用时间状语时间状语since.,for.,yet,ever,already,many times,just,this week,recently,so far,in the past few years,lately,still,etc.第37页/共48页归纳总结一般时态-强调动作本身。具有叙述性质。进行时态-强调动作的过程。具有描绘性、生动性。完成时态-强调动作的结果。具有逻辑推导 性。完成进行时态-强调动作的连贯不断和结果。具有原因和过程的描述性。第38页/共48页Exercise第39页/共48页1.Lily often _(do)her homework in the evening,but now she _(watch)TV.2.They _(build)a new bridge over the river in the future.用所给动词的适当形式填空。doesis watchingwill/are going to build第40页/共48页3.Theyll have a trip to the Great Wall if it _(not rain)tomorrow.4.He often _(make)all kinds of model planes when he was a little boy.5.Sally _ (not play)a solo on the Starsearch Concert at the end of this year.doesnt rainmadewont/isnt going to play第41页/共48页6.You _still _(read)a novel!But its time for the meeting.7.She asked me how _(search)the internet.8.They _(know)each other since they were young boys.arereadingto searchhave known第42页/共48页9.Listen!Who _(sing)in the next room?10.My father _(join)the party twenty years ago.is singingjoined第43页/共48页.用所给提示词改写下列句子。例:He is cleaning the classroom right now.(last week)He cleaned the classroom last week.I will/am going to visit the Stonehenge with my parents next year.1.I visited the Stonehenge with my parents last year.(next year)_第44页/共48页2.Tony was making a plan for the new magazine.(already)_ _ 3.Does she write a diary of school events every day?(at the moment)_ _Is she writing a diary of school events at the moment?Tony has already made a plan for the new magazine.第45页/共48页4.What will they do during the summer holiday?(yet)_ _5.Betty doesnt get up early in the morning.(yesterday)_What have they done during the summer holiday yet?Betty didnt get up early yesterday.第46页/共48页第47页/共48页感谢您的观看！第48页/共48页
