高中定语从句课件一.ppt

三三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词词 指代的先指代的先行行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主主语语、宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主主语语、宾语宾语that人或物人或物主主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语whose人或物人或物定定语语The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词Declan is a famous singer.He sings the song tell me why.Declan is a famoussinger who sings the song tell me why.修饰(主语、宾语、表语等)先行词的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有：定语从句关系代词：who,whom whose,which,that 关系副词：when,where,why定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰成分（先行词）之后。e.g.This is the car which he bought last year.定语从句先行词这些是定语从句吗？这些是定语从句吗？nFarmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.n The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.有没有先行词？有没有先行词？关联词关联词 that 的作用的作用-指代？指代？宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句辨认He is a little boy.He is eating.He is a little boy who is eating.He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.He is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.1.Declan is a famous singer who sings the song tell me why.2.He is a little boy who is eating.3.He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.4.He is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.The Attributive Clausen1.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.n2.It was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometeres away.(L11)n3.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across housed,roads and canals.(L12)找出文中带有that,who,which，whose 引导的从句，你发现他们有何共同点吗？n4.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.(L16)n5.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.(L24)n6.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(L31)n7.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.(L35)n蓝色字迹的单词是名词或者代词，在上面的句子中叫 _。n红色字迹的词叫 _ ，在上面句子中的作用是充当定语从句的引导词，起着连接主从句的作用。先行词关系代词古今定语从句古今定语从句,惟惟先行词先行词与与关系词关系词 一一.定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的副词引导的修饰该名词或代词修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定的从句叫定语从句。语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。被修饰的词叫先行词。一.定语从句的基本定义先行词 关系词关系代词关系副词 二二.关系词的分类关系词的分类1.关系代词关系代词 2.关系副词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语和定语，关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语和定语，常用的关系代词有：常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类定语从句中绝对没有定语从句中绝对没有what主语主语宾语宾语(可省可省)定语定语指人指人whothatwhomthatwhose（of whom）指物指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(of which)指人指人和物和物thatthatwhose1.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词 who指人指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语时，可省略。The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.who,whom which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.whichHe is the man(that)I told you about.that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.thatwhose指人或物指人或物,在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.whoseThe scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world.that (2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new.that (1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子(3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with.whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen.只能用只能用that的情况的情况 序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等等不定代词不定代词作先行作先行词时词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true.先行词被先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that you lend me.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.主句已有主句已有who或或which时时Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.当先行词同时指当先行词同时指人人和和物物时时Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.4.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时(介词提前介词提前).指指人只用人只用whom,指物只用指物只用which(非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句)This is the boy with whom he talked.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.(2)that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况先行词为先行词为all,anyone,nobody，one,ones等时。等时。All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those,he和和people时。如：时。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.1.The girl _is standing next to our teachernext to our teacher is her daughter.is her daughter.2.The girl _our teacher is talking with 2.The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.is a famous singer.3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak 3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English English very well.very well.4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from 4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.the library.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.who/that(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)whosewhosewhich/thatwhich/that(that/which)(that/which)巩固练习：巩固练习：2.用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点The boss department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。这个消息。whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：如：(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点in whosewhose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which，或，或=of which+the+名词。如：名词。如：The novel whose title(=the title of which或或of which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，代替，但语序不同，即但语序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of whom，或，或=of whom+the+名词。如：名词。如：The boy whose mother(=the mother of whom或或of whom the mother)is a doctor is my friend.四四.介词介词+which/whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.介词的选用原则：介词的选用原则：(1)根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.四.“介词+which/whom”引导的从句，1.介词选用原则关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致先行词保持一致。如：。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且关系代词不能，且关系代词不能省略。省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.I cant find the pen with which I was writing.2.介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物指物),who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句作从句中介词的宾语中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?3.介词位于句末，关系代词的使用如何选用定语从句的关系词如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清首先分清主句主句和定语和定语从句从句2.确定定语从句的确定定语从句的先行词先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定主语、宾语或定语语则选择则选择关系代词关系代词，若在从句中做，若在从句中做状语，状语，则选择关系副词则选择关系副词。4.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：之前。如：This is the watch(that/which)I am looking for.The babies(who/whom/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.4.含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用5.先行词是先行词是the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，引时，引导定语从句的关系词用导定语从句的关系词用that/in which或省略。或省略。I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）5.先行词为the way，关系词的使用五五.关系副词关系副词when,where和和why的用法的用法五.关系副词的基本用法关系副关系副词词指代的先行指代的先行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表表时间时间的名的名词词/名名词词组词词组时间时间状状语语where表地点的名表地点的名词词/名名词词组词词组地点状地点状语语why表原因的名表原因的名词词原因状原因状语语用关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，时，先行词指时间，when在定在定语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：I still remember the day when(=on which)I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when(=in which)World War broke out.1.when1.when用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词指地点，where在定在定语从句中作地点状语，语从句中作地点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：This is the farm where(=on which)we worked when we were young.The school where(=in which)his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2.where2.where用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定语在定语从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”。如：。如：There are several reasons why(=for which)the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why(=for which)he was late for school.3.why3.why4.关系副词的用法注意点关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为当先行词为time，表示，表示“次数次数”时，应用关时，应用关系词系词that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time(that)the president has visited the country.(2)当当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：在句中作状语。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?4.关系副词的用法注意点巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1)October 1,1949 was the day_ (_ _)China was founded.2)Beijing is the place _ (_ _)I came.3)Is this the reason _(_ _)he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 4)Is this the room _(_ _)we were living last winter?5)The days are gone _ (_ _)we used“foreign oil”.6)Yesterday,we had a meeting _ (_ _)we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.The room _ he once lived is still there.The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空2.I will never forget the day_ I met you.I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which)The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3.The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.六六.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。隔开。My watch,which is very old,stopped again.六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：试比较：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book,which is easy to understand.2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词般用关系代词as或或which引导。引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。限制性定语从句则不能。(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。作介词的宾语。He has two daughters,the elder of whom is married.He is ill,in spite of which he keeps on studying.3.关系代词关系代词as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别引导非限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：主句之后。如：3.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.As is known to all,the moon travels round the earth.(2)as多用于下列习惯用语中多用于下列习惯用语中as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样正如人人都能看到的那样as is well known=as is known to all 众所周知众所周知as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样正如我们所预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的4.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：一般有以下几种结构：(1)名词名词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：They live in a house,the door of which faces south.4.“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构(2)代词代词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：There are four students in the classroom,all of whom are working hard.(3)数词数词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore,three of which were English novels.(4)形容词比较级形容词比较级/最高级最高级+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.Thank youThank you