高中英语语法虚拟语气课件.ppt

非高考考点非高考考点1.英语动词有三种语气，英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。气和虚拟语气。(课本课本P86)2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法中的用法条件从句条件从句 If 从句从句的谓语形式的谓语形式主句主句的谓语形式的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来did/werehad donewould/could/should/might+V.(原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.should do3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原原)1.If I had money,I would build a school for these poor children.2.If I were you,I would forgive him.3.If I had taken your advice,I wouldnt have made this mistake.4.If he had been there,it wouldnt have happened.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反5.If it should rain tomorrow,they wouldnt go shopping.6.I think we could finish the work,if we planed it properly.7.If we were to have three days off,we would enjoy a very happy life.与未来事实相反与未来事实相反假设条件虚拟倒装假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中可以把条件从句中可以把if省省略，并将这三个词提至句首进行倒装。略，并将这三个词提至句首进行倒装。If I were you,I would give it up.Were I you,I would give it up.If it were not for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：If I had had time,I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time,I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood,what should we do?Should there be a flood,what should we do?二、虚拟语气特殊句型：二、虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish+宾语宾语从句从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来未来：过去时过去时(did/were)过去完成时过去完成时(had done)would/could/might+V.shouldI wish I were a bird.(现在现在)I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.(过去过去)We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.(未来未来)2.would rather that-现在：过去：未来：I would rather you paid me now.(现在现在)I would rather you had gone,too.(过去过去)Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.(未来未来)过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时3.as if/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时He looks as if he were drunk.They talked as if they had been friends for years.She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4.Its(about/high)time+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist(坚持主张、认为坚持主张、认为,坚持说坚持说)两个命令命令：order,command 三个建议建议：advise,suggest（建议；暗示，表明）（建议；暗示，表明）,propose四个要求要求：demand,require,request,desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词即从句中的动词 使用使用should+动词原形，或者将动词原形，或者将should省略省略。我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持决要求我到场。他坚持决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom(should)have a rest.He insisted that I(should)be present.The king ordered that the prisoners(should)be killed the next day.They requested that we(should)send them to work there.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,proposal,demand,request,desiredesireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.6.without和和but for，otherwise构成含蓄虚拟。构成含蓄虚拟。(but for要不是要不是)Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.Without your help,I would have failed.But for water,it would be impossible to live in the desert.Well go earlier,otherwise we might not get a seat.7.If only(要是要是就好了就好了)If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!现在现在:过去式过去式过去过去:had+过去分词过去分词8.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，即从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形动词原形It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.8.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-从句中的动词要用虚拟，即从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形动词原形It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.9.Would you mind if.?if从句中使用从句中使用过过去式，表示去式，表示请请求求许许可可eg.Would you mind if I opened the window?Would you mind if I smoked in the office next door?10.10.表示祝愿的句子中的虚拟语气表示祝愿的句子中的虚拟语气(1)(1)用原形用原形 God bless you.God bless you.(2)may+(2)may+动词原形动词原形 May you have a long and happy life!May you have a long and happy life!11 情态动词情态动词+have donecould have done 本来可以本来可以-might have done 本来可能本来可能-should/ought to have done 本来应该做本来应该做-shouldnt/ought not to have done 本不该做本不该做-neednt have done 本不必做本不必做-比较：比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做-would have done 本来会去做本来会去做-(1.应该应该)1.1.你本不应该告诉她真相。你本不应该告诉她真相。You _ her You _ her the truth.the truth.2.2.我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了。我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了。I _clean the windows.My I _clean the windows.My brother did it.brother did it.3.我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的 I didnt have enough money,otherwise I _that book.shouldnt have told/ought not to have tolddidnt need towould have bought When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken He talked as if he _ for years.A.is living there B.was living there C.has lived there D.had lived thereIf there were no subjunctive mood,English _much easier.A.will be B.would be C.could have been D.would have beenHad you listened to the doctor,you _ all right now.A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been_ today,he would get there by Friday.A.Would he leave B.Was he leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leaveHe treated me as though _ his own son.A.I am B.I would be C.I was D.I were _ I be free tomorrow,I could go with you.A.Could B.Should C.Might D.MustShould it rain,the crops _.A.would be saved B.would have been savedC.will be saved D.had been saved-Have you ever been to Beijing?-No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.hadI wish I _ there then.A.was B.were C.had been D.would beShe was so upset that she burst into tears.Id rather you _ her all about it.A.didnt tell B.hadnt told C.dont tell D.wont tell1.我希望自己是一只鸟儿我希望自己是一只鸟儿.(wish)I wish I were a bird.2.如果我有钱，我会为这些贫困的孩子们如果我有钱，我会为这些贫困的孩子们建一所学校。建一所学校。If I had money,I would build a school for these poor children.3.我宁愿你现在呆在家里。我宁愿你现在呆在家里。(would rather)I would rather you stayed home now.4.如果你听了医生的话，你现在就全好了如果你听了医生的话，你现在就全好了。If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.5.现在仿佛是春天了。现在仿佛是春天了。(as if)It seems as if it were spring.Had you listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A.did;set B.had done;should be set C.should do;be set D.had done;must be setShe made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq.A.leave;for B.leave;to C.left;to D.to be left;forThe guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obeyIts time we _ to bed.A.must go B.will go C.went D.have goneIf only I _ my watch.A.hadnt lost B.havent C.didnt D.dontIf only I _ as young as you are!A.being B.am C.be D.wereA few minutes earlier and we _ the train.A.have caught B.had caught C.were to catch D.could have caught-Do you know where he comes from?-No,but his accent suggests that he _ from the south.A.was B.should be C.is D.wereIt is natural that he_ so.A.thinks B.think C.thought D.will thinkI was very busy yesterday,otherwise I_ to the meeting.A.came B.would come C.had come D.would have come