初中英语词汇教与学课件.ppt

初中英语词汇教与学初中英语词汇教与学湖北省天门市实验初级中学成爱菊调查内容调查内容选选“是是”的的学学生生比比例例1死记硬背34.62%2根据字母组合55.03%3根据读音规则68.05%4用联想、比较的方法36.98%5把单词放入句子中27.81%6只用早读时间记单词60.36%7常用早读和睡前记单词26.63%8常翻英语词典35.80%一、词汇教学的现状及存在的问题一、词汇教学的现状及存在的问题（一）单元词汇教学不分主次，不分顺序，平均分配时间，（一）单元词汇教学不分主次，不分顺序，平均分配时间，造成学生词汇记忆负担过重，词汇教学效率低下。造成学生词汇记忆负担过重，词汇教学效率低下。（二）词汇教学求深而不求广，导致学生的词汇量难以有效（二）词汇教学求深而不求广，导致学生的词汇量难以有效扩展。扩展。（三）词汇教学方法单一，缺乏语境，导致学生学得快，忘（三）词汇教学方法单一，缺乏语境，导致学生学得快，忘得也快。得也快。（四）词汇教学缺乏学习策略指导，不利于培养学生的独立（四）词汇教学缺乏学习策略指导，不利于培养学生的独立学习能力。学习能力。（五）词汇教学重记忆、轻运用，不利于培养学生的语言运（五）词汇教学重记忆、轻运用，不利于培养学生的语言运用能力。用能力。二、词汇教学攻略二、词汇教学攻略（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义（二）明确词汇教学的五个特征（二）明确词汇教学的五个特征（三）掌握词汇教学的方法（三）掌握词汇教学的方法（四）词汇教学的模式（四）词汇教学的模式（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义新课程标准明确规定了词汇教学的目标和要求：培养学生根据语境或构词法知识推测词义和理解句意的能力。培养学生在阅读时能够准确的掌握同根词或多义词在文中的意思并准确地理解文章。使学生学到规定数量的单词，掌握学习词汇和快速记忆单词的方法。具体内容包括以下几个方面：1.语域2搭配3派生4语法规则5意义Whatdoesitmeantoknowaword?indiv.享受，喜欢英文释义：getpleasurefrom【词形变化】名词:enjoyment动词过去式:enjoyed动词过去分词:enjoyed动词现在分词:enjoying动词第三人称单数:enjoys副词:enjoyably形容词:enjoyableenjoy【语法用法】enjoy后可接名词，代词，反身代词或动名词，但不能接不定式。Ienjoyhunting.Weenjoyedtheholidays.Weenjoyedourselvesduringtheholidays.【词义辨析】like,love,prefer,enjoy这些动词都有“喜欢、喜爱”之意。like:最常用词，往往只表不太强烈的兴趣或关注，不带强烈的感情，除非另加修饰语。love:不但表示强烈的喜欢，而且含依恋之情，因此多用于能激起深厚情感的人或物。enjoy:指对能提供感观或智力上满足或快乐的东西表示欣赏或喜爱。prefer:指有选择性或偏向性的喜欢。例句与用法：Ienjoysinging,muchmorelisteningtomusic.我喜欢唱歌，更不用说听音乐了。NowthatIamfree,Icanenjoymusicforawhile.既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。Howdidyouenjoytheconcert?你喜欢那场音乐会吗？（二）明确词汇教学的六个特征：（二）明确词汇教学的六个特征：1词句结合，词篇结合，在语境中深化。2以新带旧，以旧学新，温故而知新。3学以致用，学用结合，在运用中掌握。4训练策略，形成习惯，培养自主学习能力。5课内课外并举，拓展词汇学用渠道。6科学记忆，循序渐进，提高词汇学习效率。（三）掌握词汇教学的方法（三）掌握词汇教学的方法1直观法8、自主探究法2演示法9、归类记忆法3表演法10、猜词法4语境法11、英文解释法5联想法12、构词法6图解法13、翻译法7游戏法14、词典法直观法1 1、运用实物、运用实物2、运用照片和图片3、运用简笔画利用多媒体课件dinosaurHow to make a milk shake?Can you tell me how to make a banana milk shake?1._2._3._4._5._6._ the bananas.the bananas.the bananas and ice cream into the blender the milk into the blender.the blender.the milk shake.PeelCut upPutPourTurn onDrink2演示法(enough)例1：Iamstrongenoughtobreakthebranch.Whoisstrongenoughtobreakthebranch?Whoisntstrongenoughtobreakit?演示法例2：教学Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake这一单元的生词时，教师准备了香蕉、牛奶、水果刀、榨汁机等，边说边演示。First,Peel3bananas.Then,cutthemup.Next,putthemintotheblender.Next,pourtheyogurtintotheblender.Next,turnontheblender.Finally,drinkit.peel the bananaCut up the bananasPour the milk into the blenderTurn on the blender the milk shakeDrink3表演法open,close,run,Jump,eat,sleephappy,sad,surprisedgetonwellwitheachothergetonbadlywitheachother4语境法LazyborrowWater!“我渴，能给我点水吗？”“当心，地上有水”“洪水来啦”BrightWhatabrightsunnyday!Abrightboylearnfast.Herfacewasbrightwithhappiness.Thegardenisbrightwithflowers.Berightintheeyes.BrightredBrightgreenBrightyellowdieImdyingtoseeyou!Heisdyingofhunger.Theflowersaredying.5联想法（1）归类联想交通类：bus,car,traffic水果类：beach,pear,cherry食品类：noodle,beef,porridge饮品类：Soda,icecream,meat文具类：stationery,eraser餐名类：meal,dinner,lunch（2）近义、反义联想expensivedeareasydifficultwarmcoolsunnycloudy（3）上下义联想（4）词缀联想carecareful,careless,carefullyhappyhappily,unhappy,happiness（5）拆字联想often:of/tenblackboard:black/board（6）语音联想清浊音联想：closeklousklouz长短音联想：leadli:dled同音联想：won,one拟音联想：bar,吧（7）语义联想desertcamel,sand,strongwind,sandstorm,hot,dry,littlerain,fewplants,vastland,wasteland,smallpopulation,beautiful,dangerous,getlostLight，“电灯”，电灯会发光，所以有“光线”的意思，有了光线就明亮了，从而还有“明亮”的意思。Change，嫦娥奔月，改变了她的命运。Business，公共汽车里面一只鹅和两条蛇正在谈生意。Earth，地球上的人用耳朵听话。Island，岛屿是大海中的一片陆地。（八）趣味联想（八）趣味联想6、图解法on the caseunder the casenext to the casebehind the casein the caseGostraightTurnrightTurnleft（1）倒金字塔帮你排忧解难表示数量的形容词、名词和代词连用图解（2）表示可能性程度的形容词图示法（3）图解频度副词的百分比 always usually often sometimes seldom never 100%90%60%30%1%0%（4 4）at(in,on)the cornerat(in,on)the corner等四组词图解等四组词图解等四组词图解等四组词图解at the corner,in the corner,on the cornerat the corner,in the corner,on the corner（5）inthetree,onthetree（6）代词教学one another the other some others one the other one another some the others 7游戏法closeyoureyes,putupyourhandskickyourfootclap,shake,wavenod实例教学一游戏名称：记单词竞赛教学目的：巩固复习近阶段学过的单词，培养形象思考能力、反应能力和观察力。游戏说明：老师将要考查的单词卡放在讲台上，并将全班分成AB组，每组每次各选派代表到前台抽取一张单词卡。学生代表认出单词后，可以用图画、手势、表情等各种方法来表现一个单词的形象或一个单词的含义，本组学生通过看和听，同时读出该单词，正确者累计得分。实例教学二词汇学习：数词教学目的：巩固数词的学习，训练对数词的表达和反应能力游戏说明：将全班分成八组，要老师用纸条写出八组数字，每组派代表到前面抽取一张，不看，交给老师，老师小声读出数字，学生默记在心，然后小声用英语读给本组的下一个学生听，最后一名学生听后，马上跑到黑板上写出那组数字，看谁写得又快又对，累计得分实例教学三游戏名称：描述猜词词汇学习：任何实物类词汇教学目的：培养学生解词、猜词能力和协作精神。游戏说明：两人配合做该游戏，通过多媒体播放不同的实物图片，甲生背向屏幕，乙生看图用英文描述该物品，甲生猜测屏幕上显示的是何物。要求乙生不能直接说该物品的名称。GuessS1:Isitanounoraverb?S2:Itsanoun.S1:Wherecanwefindit,insideschooloroutsideschool?S3:Outsideschool.S1:Whatshapeisit?S4:Itsround.S1:Whatisitfor?S5:Itisakindoffood.S1:WesternfoodorChinesefood?S6:Westernfood.S1:Isitpopularhere?S7:Yes,quitepopular.Mostyoungpeoplelikeitverymuch.S1:Isit“hamburger”?S7:Yes,youareright.Its“hamburger8、自主探究法（1）自主学习词汇（2）开展词汇的探究性学习(3)开展词汇的合作学习S1：graduateS2：AlicegraduatedfromBeijinguniversity3yearsago.S3：Whatdidhedoafterhegraduated?S4：Asagraduate,sheoftenhelpedsomechildrenwiththeirstudies.9、归类记忆法常用词组归类动词词组takearesttakeexercisetakephotostakeabustakemeto.Takethethirdleft.takemedicine介词词组：infrontof,acrossfrom,athome,atschool习惯表达：Hereyouare.Haveagoodtrip.CanIhelpyou名词词组：apairof,abottleof,acupof,Chinesefood同义词pencilbox-pencilcase,cab-taxi,bike-bicycle,mittens-mitts,telephone-phonesoftly-quietly.反义词clean-dirty,wet-dry,first-last,go-come,putontakeoff,loud-quiet,hard-soft,slow-fast主题归类运用头脑风暴farmhousestreesfarmersanimalsplantshillsriversFarmtoolsappletreescowssheepchickensdogsvegetableswheatricetractorsWhat can robots do?humans,snake,huge arm,spiderhomeworkplay with me play football What can robots look like?超级链接dangerousmore intelligentstronger BadGoodhomeworkhouseworkplay with melook for peopleunpleasant jobswalk and dancetalk意义归类adventuredangerousroughastonishingtiringwildriskyexcitinguncomfortable意义归类ActionmovieHorrormovieSciencefictionMOVIEComedyCartoonDocumentary意义归类(die)Hehaspassaway.Heisnomore.Heisnolongerwithus.Histimehascome.Heisrestinginpeace.Heissleepingwithhisfathers.Hehasgonewest.Hehasnoneoutofthisworld.Hehasgonetothebetterworld.10、猜词法通过因果关系猜词You shouldnt have blamed him for that,for it wasnt his fault All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词.He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.In the ancient city of Rome,we visited every mansion,church,battle site,theatre and other public halls.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite sedate.通过构词法猜词dis-im-un-表否定ful-less-ous-是形容词后缀等。要求学生掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后要求学生掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识。如缀等语法知识。如dis-im-un-表否定；表否定；-ful less ous是形容词后缀等。是形容词后缀等。He has renamed the restaurant“Paradise通过定义或释义关系来推测词义定义或释义常用定义或释义常用is,or,that is,in other words,be called,或破折号等来表示。或破折号等来表示。A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.通过上下文来推测词义Chicken becomes rotten very quickly.It can go bad in a refrigerator if left there for more than a week.通过描述猜词I ts very big and heavy.It has a long nose and big ears.What is it?11、英文解释法同义词、近义词或反义词解释词dumbIf you are dumb,you cannot speak.prettybeautiful,dullboring,dangerousnot safe下定义法Snake-wild animal,long,soft,legless,dangerous,poison词汇互释Lately-if something has happened lately,it has happened recently12、构词法（1）合成，即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如：pea(豌豆）nuts（坚果）-peanut（花生）（2）派生，即加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，happy-unhappy（加前缀）happiness（加后缀）（3）转化）转化 例如：例如：picture(n)画画-picture(v)描绘描绘 water(N)水水-water（v)浇水浇水13、翻译法翻译法就是将英语单词的意思直接翻译成汉语。翻译法比较适用于那些不便用直观法、表演法和构词法等教学的词汇，尤其是一些专业术语或表示抽象概念的词汇，如basic,challenge,thepresentperfecttense和thepassivevoice等。14、词典法让学生将一组单词按字母顺序排列，这是查词典的基本能力；用比赛的方式让学生在词典中快速查找单词，以训练他们查词典的能力；要求学生根据上下文快速选择单词的词义，训练他们正确理解文章和准确选择词义的能力。（四）词汇教学模式导入操练运用小结拓展和延伸布置作业sunnyrainycloudysnowyhowistheweather?droughtthunderHeavysnowMilk shake blender n.果汁机；搅拌器果汁机；搅拌器milk bananasice cream Yogurt 酸酸 奶奶ingri:djnt配料配料,成份成份peel剥；削（水果等的皮）剥；削（水果等的皮）cut up切切 碎碎put into 放入放入之内之内pour into.倾倒，灌入倾倒，灌入之内之内turn on打开（电器）打开（电器）drink喝喝Peel the bananas.Cut up the bananas.Put the bananas and ice cream into the blender.How to make a banana shake?Pour the milk into the blender.Turn on the blender.Drink the milk shakeListening:Task1:listen,then fill the verbs in the blanks.peel cup up put pour turn on drink_ the blender._ the bananas._ the milk shake._ the milk into the blender._ the bananas and ice cream into the blender._ three bananas.Turn onpeeldrinkpourputcup up_ Turn on the blender._ Cut up the bananas._ Drink the milk shake._ Pour the milk into the blender._ Put the bananas and ice cream into the blender._Peel three bananas.Task2:Listen and put the instructions in the correct order.123456PAIR WORKB:First,_ the bananas.Next,_the bananas.Next,_the bananas and ice cream into the blender.Next,_the milk into the blender.Then,_the blender.Finally,_the milk shake.A:How do you make a banana milk shake?peelcut upputpourturn ondrinkMake a banana milk shake by yourself!Apple milk shakeStrawberry milk shakeBanana milk shakeMango milk shakewritingChooseamilkshakethatyoulikeandwritedownhowtomakeit.Thenmakeareportaboutit.Homeworkmakeamilkshakeforyourparents!三、科学组织词汇教学，全面提高学生运用词汇表述的能力（一）设计丰富多彩的教学活动，点燃学习热情，激发学生学习词汇的兴趣，。（二）运用科学的记忆方法，提高学生记忆单词的效率。（三）注重词汇教学的七个方面设计丰富多彩的教学活动，点燃学设计丰富多彩的教学活动，点燃学习热情，激发学生学习词汇的兴趣习热情，激发学生学习词汇的兴趣1、听歌，学单词hascomeandpassedTheinnocentcanneverlastwakemeupwhenendslikemyfatherscometopasssevenyearshassofastwakemeupwhenseptemberendsherecomestherainagain fromthestarsdrenchedinmyagainbecomingwhowearesummerseptembergonefallingpainTryEnjoy the song and fill in the blanksIf i walk,would you _?If i stop,would you _ If i say youre the one,would you _ me?If i ask you to _,would you show me the way?Tell me what to say so you dont _ me.The world is catching up to you.While youre running away to chase you _.Its time for us to make a move cause we are asking one another to change,and maybe Im not ready but Ill _ for your love.Weve been hiding enoughruncomebelievestayleavedreamtry1、听歌、学单词Enjoy the song and fill in the blanksStanding on a mountain _Looking at the moon through a clear blue sky I _ go and see some friends.But they dont really comprehend Dont need too much talking without saying anything.All I need is _ who makes me wanna sing.Take me to your heart take me to your soul.Give me your hand before Im old.Show me what love is-havent got a clue_ me that wonders can be true.They say nothing lasts forever.Were only here today.Love is _ or never.Bring me far away highshouldsomeoneShownow听歌记单词2、赏诗，记单词例1：学生初学英语数字时，教师可以选取这首小诗：One,two,three,four,Maryatthekitchendoor.Five,six,seven,eight,Maryatthegardengate.Nine,ten,nine,ten,Maryfindsabighen.例2：当学生学习了有关蔬菜和水果的单词后，教师可以用下面这首小诗帮助学生巩固所学知识：Greencornandtomatoes,Sweetandnicepotatoes.Blackberries,blackberries,Freshandfine,Justoffthevine.例3：学了关于季节的单词，老师给学生展示了以Spring为题的一首小诗：SpringisastoryFlowerstellintherain.SpringisasongBirdssinginthesun.SpringisaballetWindsdanceintheafternoon3、读谚语、格言，学单词不定代词Everybodysbusinessisnobodysbusiness.三个和尚没水吃Onemansmeatisanothermanspoison.萝卜青菜，各有所爱介词Goodadviceisbeyondallprice.忠言无价Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄兵必败Neverjudgeapersonbyhislooks.切勿以貌取人数词Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃Astitchintimesavesnine.一针及时省九针4、猜的活动猜，永远是学生最感兴趣的活动之一，猜猜，永远是学生最感兴趣的活动之一，猜词不仅可以营造轻松和谐的课堂氛围，还词不仅可以营造轻松和谐的课堂氛围，还能检测词汇学习效果，训练学生思维敏捷能检测词汇学习效果，训练学生思维敏捷性性“猜一猜猜一猜”“Whatsinmybag？”上课时，教师出示一个包，告诉学生里面装了学习用品或玩具等，让学生猜一猜。学生的好奇心很快被激发，都想知道包里的东西，不停地用以前学过的单词猜包里的东西（没学过的单词可以用中文）。如果猜不到，还可以让学生摸一摸、闻一闻摸一摸、闻一闻，然后再猜。最后教师出示答案，呈现新的单词。猜动物名称.T:Ihavefourlegs.Ihaveashell.Imoveveryslowly.Ss:Tortoise.T:Ihavelongears.Ieatlotsofvegetables.Ss:Rabbit.T:Ihavefur.Isleepalot.Myfavouritefoodisfish.Ss:Cat.趣味猜单词Family的含义是什么？Golf的含义是什么？News的含义是什么BusinessIslandEarthWhere is the picture?It could/might be on 学习情态动词学习情态动词It must be on the plate.Whoishe?Hecantbe_.Hecould/mightbe_.Hecantbe_.Hecould/mightbe_.Whoishe?Hemustbe_.Shecantbe_.Shecould/mightbe_.Shemustbe_.4、看图，训练重点词句Though（1）Thoughthefarmerisold,hewearsthebeautifulclothes.（2）Thoughthefarmerispoor,heishappy.（3）Thoughheistired,hegoesonworking.（4）Thoughitisdark,hestillworks.（5）Thoughthereisnothinginthefield,hekeptondiggingWhatdoeshe/shelooklike?blackhairblondehair long hair short hair straight hair short hair curly hair long hair curly hair straight hair He has short,straight,hair.She has long,straight hair.She has long,curly hair.She has long hair.She has straight hair.He has short hair.She has curly hair.What does he/she look like?What does he/she look like?Reach a better understanding of the new words and target languages and make the class livelytallshortHe is of medium buildHe is not thin,and he is not heavy.He is short.He is tall.What does he/she look like?What does he/she look like?She is of medium height.Step 2 PresentationGeorge BushJack BushDavid Bushis of medium build.is heavy.is thin.What does she look like?She is heavy/fat.She is of medium build.She is thin.She has She has short curly short curly hairhair and she and she is very heavy.is very heavy.What does she look like?Whatshelike?Hehasalongbeardandwearsglasses.Who is she?ShorthairWhatdoesshelooklike?SheisLiYuchunShehasshorthair.Whatdoesshelooklike?Shesreallybeautiful.ShesbeautifulAndshehascurlyhair.Whataboutshe?Shesthinandshehaslonghair.straighthairWhatdoesyourfriendlooklike?mediumbuildWhoshe?Whatdoeshelooklike?likesplayingbasketballshortblackhaircoolandhandsomeverytallmediumbuildfromChinaHe hasHe is Everyone is special!Everyone is important!Dont judge the others by their appearances!人人都很特别！人人都很特别！人人都很重要人人都很重要！不要以貌取人不要以貌取人 Achieve the moral objectExtension 5、编故事，巩固关键词教师可以挑选一些重要的词，让学生编故事，以培养学生创造性使用词汇的能力。如，学习了一些有关看病的词汇，教师可以让学生运用下列词汇创编一个故事：examine,patient,atthedoctors,advise,berichin,putonweight,loseweight。下面是一位学生创编的故事：Therewasapatientatthedoctors.Shelikedtoeatmeatandsugar.Whicharerichinfat.Sosheputonweight.Thedoctorexaminedherandadvisedhertoeatfruitandvegetablesinstead.Shefollowedthedoctorsadvice.Attheendoftheyearshelostweightandbecamemorebeautiful.honestwolf,sheep,village,fun,crowd,crywolf抽到wolf的学生开始讲故事：Thatsme.Imtheboy.Imnotthewolf.Thisismystory.OnedayIwasgivenabigjobwatchingabigherdofsheep.Thiswasaprettytoughjob.AndIbeganshouting“Wolf!”Andthepeoplefromthevillageheardme.Theycamefunningsheep“Whereisthewolf?Howaboutyoursheep?”thevillagersasked.IlaughedandtoldthemthattherewasnowolfandIjustpracticedshouting.Iwentbacktomyjob,andthevillagerswentbacktothevillage.Afterawhile,inordertoletthesheepknowtheyweresafewithme,Icried“Wolf!Wolf!”villagehevillagersheardmeshouting.Theycamerunningagain.“Whatshappening?”Buttherewasnowolfagain.Iwentbacktomyjob,andagainthevillagerswentbacktothevillage.funThiswasfun!Itsnotoftenthatawholevillagewilllistentoakidlikeme.Afterawhile,Idecidedtopracticeoncemore,asifIsawabigwolf.crowdAbigcrowdfromthelittlevillagecamerunningtohelpmeagain.Buttherewasnobigwolfagain.Thevillagerswerenothappy.Andtheyallheadedbacktothevillage.Butthenabighungrywolfreallydidcometostealthesheep!cryIcried“Wolf!”Noonecame.Ishouted“Wolf!”Noonecameagain.Iyelled“wolf!”Noonecameanymore6、表演情景短剧，呈现新词Wheresthepostoffice?课前，把教室的桌子拉开距离，开辟出一条条“街道”。在桌面贴上bank,bookshop,supermarket,hospital,trafficlight,cinema,postoffice,policestation,school之类