高中英语必修一Unit1Grammar.ppt

GrammarDirect speech&Indirect speechShesaidhernamewasAnneFrankandherfamilywasJewish.MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.What did Anne say?Shesaid(that)heronlytruefriendwasKittyherdiary.MyonlytruefriendisKittymydiary.Shesaid(that)afterhidingthereforalongtime,shehadbecomecrazyaboutnature.Afterhidinghereforalongtime,Ivebecomecrazyaboutnature.直接引语：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后并在原话前后加引号。加引号。例：例：He said:It is too late.间接引语：间接引语：用自己的话转述他人的话用自己的话转述他人的话,多数以宾多数以宾语从句的形式构成。语从句的形式构成。例：例：He said it was too late.ReadAloud-readthesentencesinExercise1onpage5andidentifythedifferencebetweendirectspeechandindirectspeechinthesentences.Differences:Verb tenses （时态）（时态）Pronoun forms（代词）（代词）Sentence structure （句式结构）（句式结构）Adverbials of time（时间状语）（时间状语）Word order （语序）（语序）1.代词代词-人称变化：人称变化：口诀：口诀：一随一随_,二随二随_,第三人称第三人称_.主主宾宾不更新不更新He said,“I am learning English”He said that _ was learning English.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack said to me that _ looked worried that day.We told her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ were walking through the street then.heI they1.代词代词-指示代词变化指示代词变化 this-_ these-_He said,“I like this book.”-He said that he liked that bookSam said,“These books are mine.”-Sam said that those books were his.thatthose2.2.时态变化时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致的时态要与主句的时态一致.1）主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。时候，间接引语时态不变。He says:I bought you a book yesterday.”He says that he bought me a book yesterday.2 2）.当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化应的变化,变化如下：变化如下：一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时 一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时 过去进行时过去进行时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去将来时过去将来时 过去完成时过去完成时 不变不变 不变不变往前推一个时态往前推一个时态1.“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.Shesaidthatshewasverygladtovisitourschool.2.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.3.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmy homeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.4.Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.5.“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.6.Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1.不变的客观真理不变的客观真理 He said,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”He said that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.Teachersaidtous:Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.2.经常的习惯：经常的习惯：He said,“I smoke two packs every day.”He said that he smokes two packs every day.3.引语中含有具体的过去时间状语：引语中含有具体的过去时间状语：The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.Mike said,“I was born in 1997.”Mike said that he was born in 1997.4.部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must,ought to,used to,had better等：等：She said,“You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.直接引语中的状语直接引语中的状语nowagotodayyesterdayyesterday morningtomorrowthe day after tomorrow 状状语语变变化化间接引语中的状语间接引语中的状语thenbefore/earlierthat daythe day beforethe morning beforethe next day/the following dayin two days time直接引语中的状语直接引语中的状语last week/monthnext week/monththe day before yesterdayhere间接引语中的状语间接引语中的状语the week/month beforethe following/next week/month.two days before/earlierthere状状语语变变化化u动词变化：动词变化：come-go解题步骤解题步骤:1）.陈述句变间接引语时，用陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接连接,that 无实际意义，可省略。例无实际意义，可省略。例:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddidntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.Sarah4.句式变化句式变化2）.一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或或whether。“Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?”,they asked himThey asked himif /whetherit is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askedwasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.谓语动词是谓语动词是say或或said时，可改为时，可改为ask或或asked3 3）.特殊疑问句变间接引语要去掉助动特殊疑问句变间接引语要去掉助动词词dodo，用用特殊疑问词特殊疑问词引导。引导。They asked him“When do you harvest the wheat?”They asked him whenyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.(4)反意疑问句反意疑问句 用用_引导引导,去去_,if(whether)反意疑问部分反意疑问部分 He asked,“Youre a student,arent you?”He asked(me)whether I was a student.(5)选择疑问句选择疑问句 用用_引导引导,语序变语序变_语序语序 whether/if or陈述句陈述句The teacher asked him,“Do you like basketball or volleyball?”The teacher asked him whether he liked basketball or volleyball.(6)祈使句祈使句将将动词动词say改为改为_祈使句改为祈使句改为_ tell,ask,order，beg不定式不定式(tell sb.(not)to do sth.)My teacher said to us,“keep quiet in self-study class.The teacher asked us to keep quiet in self-study class.The teacher said,“Dont make any noise.”The teacher ordered/told us/me not to make any noise.Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:1.Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2.Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3.The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.4.Her father asked her why she chose/had chosen her diary and old letters.5.“Are you very hot with so many clothes on?”Mother asked/said to her.6.“What else have you hidden under your overcoat?”Margot asked her.7.“When shall we go back home?”Anne asked her father.8.“Why did you talk so much to that boy?”Father asked Anne.SummarySummary 直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句祈使句祈使句that引导引导if/whether 引导引导原疑问词引导原疑问词引导ask/told sb(not)to do sth.1.主句为现在时态主句为现在时态2.主句为过去时态主句为过去时态时态不变时态不变往前推一个时态往前推一个时态第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称与主句主语人称一致与主句主语人称一致与主句宾语人称一致与主句宾语人称一致不变不变句式句式结构结构时态时态人称人称其他其他宾宾语语从从句句语序语序疑问句疑问句陈述句语序陈述句语序