教育专题：非谓语动词.ppt

高二英语组句子的成分句子的成分一个完整的句子由哪些成分构成？一个完整的句子由哪些成分构成？定义定义:组成句子的各个部分：组成句子的各个部分：主语、谓语、主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。语。说明说明:主语和谓语主语和谓语是句子的主体部分，也是是句子的主体部分，也是 构成句子的必须部分，其它为可能有构成句子的必须部分，其它为可能有 的部分。的部分。二 五种简单句基本句型 1 The teacher came.The traveler has gone away.主语谓语(vi.)2I dont know the stranger.3 He looked forward to hearing from Mary.主语谓语（vt.）+宾语 4.I send him a telegram.He told me a funny story.主语谓语(vt.)间宾(sb.)直宾(sth.)5.I found her very anxious.The teacher asked the student to come in.主语谓语(vt.)宾语宾补主语系v.表语3.The theory sounds reasonable.The question is what we should do first.谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。1.一般放在主语之后。2.谓语一般是由_担当。3.谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。4.谓语动词时态,语态随句意变化 Eg：We work hard Mike likes his new book.I bought a bike yesterday.The homework has been finished.动词动词原则原则:一个句子一般只有一个谓语动词或系动词，除非有连接词and连接多个谓语动词的情况。Eg：1.The boy sing and dance.2.My mother wash and dry the clothes.3.Most of the artists invited to the party talk and laugh happily动动 词词作谓语作谓语以外的其他成分（主语，宾语，表语，定语.)谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词 理解概念很关键理解概念很关键三三 非谓语动词的重点非谓语动词的重点重点一：非谓语动词的形式重点一：非谓语动词的形式 一.不定式(to do)二.动名词(doing)三.分词现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)重点三：重点三：非谓语动词的时态和语态(以动词make为例)语态时态主动语态被动语态 -ing一般式 完成式 -ed一般式 不定式一般式完成式进行式 making being made having made having been made X made(表被动)to maketo be madeto have made to have been madeto be making X找出句子中的找出句子中的系动词系动词，谓语动词谓语动词和和非谓语动词非谓语动词1.The Olympic Games,first played in 776BC did not include women players until 1912.2.The first text books written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.3.Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.4.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.5.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.6.China is a developing country.7.Looking out of the window,we see the flowers.8.Hearing the cry for help,he rushed out.9.Seeing the birds outside the window,the baby smile happily.非谓语谓语非谓语谓语系动词非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语谓语系动词系动词谓语谓语谓语非谓语重点二：其在句子中所作的成分重点二：其在句子中所作的成分动名词：主，谓动名词：主，谓,宾，定宾，定,状状,表，表，补补分词：分词：主，谓主，谓,宾，定宾，定,状状,表，补表，补不定式：不定式：主，谓主，谓,宾，定宾，定,状状,表，补表，补 1.Living here for a long time,he knows it very well.2.Missing the bus,we had to walk home.3.Translated into many languages,the book becomes a best-seller 4.The teacher came into the classroom,following the students.5.The news was exciting.6.Dont get excited7.The situation is encouraging.8.She looked disappointed.9.He appeared satisfied with my answer.10.The son was worrying,so his father was very worried.11.She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.12.Mr Smith,tired of the tiring speech,started to read a novel.四四 非谓语动词的难点非谓语动词的难点难点一难点一：宾语Eg.1.He pretended to be reading hard at that time.2.He found it impossible to get everything ready.3.Would you mind my opening the door?4.Tom looked forward to seeing her.区分区分:remember,forget,regret,try,mean to do doing EXX.用所给词的正确形式填空用所给词的正确形式填空:1.Missing the last bus means _(walk)home.2.Rember_(turn off)the light when you leave.3.I regret _(tell)you that I cant go with you.4.If no one answers the front door,try_(knock)at the back door.walkingto turn offto tellknocking难点二难点二:定语定语E.g.1.Please give me a pen to write.(?)2.He has a chance to go abroad.3.The plan to be made is of great importance.4.I have a lot of homework to do today.“Do you have any clothes to be washed”?the maid asked her host.区分区分:不定式作定语表示将来的动作，不定式作定语表示将来的动作，与被修饰词构成动宾关系或说明与被修饰词构成动宾关系或说明其内容，注意尾巴介词不能丢，其内容，注意尾巴介词不能丢，放所修饰词后。放所修饰词后。1.the risen/rising sun the fallen/falling leaves2.He is one of the foreigners working in China.3.This is one of the novels read by him.4.a sleeping boy a sleeping car区分区分:现在分词作定语现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作，表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表被动或完成，而过去分词表被动或完成，分词短语置后，单个置前，分词短语置后，单个置前，动名词说明被修饰词功能用途动名词说明被修饰词功能用途难点三：分词与状语从句作状语的区别难点三：分词与状语从句作状语的区别分词作状语要求句子的主语与分词的逻辑主语分词作状语要求句子的主语与分词的逻辑主语一致；现在分词表一致；现在分词表主主动，过去分词表动，过去分词表被被动；在动；在句子中可作时间，伴随，原因，结果，让步，句子中可作时间，伴随，原因，结果，让步，条件状语等。条件状语等。E.g.1)Seen from the hill,the park looks beautiful.2)Football is played over 80 countries,making it the most popular game in the world.3)Having lost his wallet,the woman had no money to buy a ticket.状语从句作状语，句子中必须有连词，不要求句状语从句作状语，句子中必须有连词，不要求句子主语与从句主语一致，如果没有连词，前后主子主语与从句主语一致，如果没有连词，前后主语又不一致，这时用独立主格结构作状语，也就语又不一致，这时用独立主格结构作状语，也就是在分词前加上它的主语。是在分词前加上它的主语。Exx.True or false1.Having been told many times,he still couldnt understand it.2.He had been told many times,but he still couldnt understand it.3.Although he had been told many times,he still couldnt understand it.TTT4.He had been told many times,he still couldnt understand it.5.Having been told many times,but he still couldnt understand it.6.Although he had been told many times,but he still couldnt understand it.7.Although I had told him many times,he still couldnt understand it.FFFT8.Having told him many times,he still couldnt understand it.9.I having told him many times,he still couldnt understand it.10.If it is fine tomorrow,well go climbing.It being fine tomorrow,well go climbing.It is fine tomorrow,well go climbing.FTTTF11.Because there were no buses,we had to walk home.There were no buses,so we had to walk home.There being no buses,we had to walk home.There were no buses,we had to walk home.TTTF Eg.1.His father died,leaving him a lot of money.2.He woke up,only to find everybody gone.3.He hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.区分区分:现在分词作结果状语表水到渠成，现在分词作结果状语表水到渠成，顺理成章的意思；顺理成章的意思；而不定式表意料之外。而不定式表意料之外。现在分词与不定式作结果状语区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语区别五五 有关非谓语动词的几点说明有关非谓语动词的几点说明说明一：常见的分词词组说明一：常见的分词词组generally speaking,Judging from/by,considering常用来表示说话人立场、态度、观点等常用来表示说话人立场、态度、观点等,被看被看作是一种固定的习惯表达作是一种固定的习惯表达E.g.1._by her accent,she must from Italy.(通过判断)2._we lose,what then?(假如）3._the radio is damaged badly,better get a new one.(鉴于)JudgingSupposingConsidering说明二说明二:常见的不定式词组常见的不定式词组to tell you the truth,to be exact,to start/begin with,to be honest等等 用来表示说话人立场、态度、观点等，被看作是用来表示说话人立场、态度、观点等，被看作是一种固定（结构的）习惯表达。一种固定（结构的）习惯表达。E.g.1.To tell you the truth,the film was a great disappointment to me.2.To start with,we havent enough money.3.To be honest,he didnt like to go with you.说说明三：传统语法中，当分词（短语）作状语明三：传统语法中，当分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，但如果时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，但如果分词（短语）的逻辑主语隐含在句子中时，则分词（短语）的逻辑主语隐含在句子中时，则是个例外。是个例外。1.Coming to China,a terrible accident happened to him.2.Having suffered such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.说明四：说明四：concerning,considering,excepting,regarding,including,这几个词作介词用和它的这几个词作介词用和它的逻辑主语是不一致的。逻辑主语是不一致的。E.g.1._your age and inexperience,you have done pretty well.(考虑到)2.They were all saved _the captain.(除了)3.Everyone here took part in the fight against the flood,_old people.(包括)Consideringexceptingincluding说明五：当形容词说明五：当形容词anxious,glad,ready,easy,nervous,willing,happy,pleased等用在等用在“tooto”结构中时，句子往往表示肯定意义结构中时，句子往往表示肯定意义（此时的（此时的too相当于相当于very）。）。E.g.1.He was too young to go to school.(否定)2.He was too ready to help others.3.He was too anxious to leave the office.4.I was too pleased to help you with your English.六六 高考回顾高考回顾1.Once your business becomes international,_ constantly will be part of your life.(NMET95)A.you fly B.your flight C.flight D.flying2.She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.(1995上海)A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in3._ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleptDDA4.With a lot of different problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002上海)A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled5.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.(NMET2002)A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seenC B6._ your composition carefully,some spelling mistakes can be avoided.（山西2003）A.Having checked B.Check C.If you check D.To check 7.Generally speaking,_ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(NMET2003)A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be takenBC8.Having been attacked by terrorists,_(NMET2004)A.doctors came to their rescue B.the tall building collapsed C.an emergency measure was taken D.Warning were given to visitors9._,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.(NMET2005)A.General speaking B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generallyCB10.The storm left,_ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused (NMET2005)11.We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.A.thinking B.think C.to think D.thought (NMET2006)AD12.He hurried to the booking office only_ that all the tickets have been sold out.(2006陕西)A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told13.When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.（2006浙江）A.compared B.being compared C.comparing D.having comparedBC