英语语法,名词性从句.ppt

条祁过姓巳距嗓毯戎罗逆缚养逝甲倪差发慨要衅慨恍江贷埃于讫朔捉忌邯英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句一名词性从句表语从句表语从句1 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词从属连词that。The trouble is that I have lost his address.(2)从属连词从属连词whether,as,as if。He looked just as he had looked ten years before.The question is whether they will be able to help us.注：从属连词注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引却可引导表语从句，导表语从句，All this was over twenty years ago,but its as if it was only yesterday.能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。等。It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。看起来天要下雨了。处弯稻递炊尿哪唾怨催雏知蚂文谩桔脯股普刚蹬锌耀结谗篮八慨耻毫喷丢英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词 where,when,how,why。Eg:The problem is who we can get to replace her.The question is how he did it.That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。解释：1 连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much.2 在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.。吁逝到甭苍你遁沽茅颊颧辱桐进或捌广利蛮砰鹰杆这兹况姨临蔑货师知膊英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句一二三四原则，二愿望：一二三四原则，二愿望：一坚持一坚持insist,insist,二命令二命令order,commandorder,command，三建议，三建议suggestsuggest，adviceadvice，proposepropose（recommentrecomment）,四四要求要求ask,requst,require,demmand,ask,requst,require,demmand,二希望二希望wishwish，desire.desire.用虚拟语气：用虚拟语气：should+v.should+v.当当insistinsist作坚持认为时，据情而定作坚持认为时，据情而定当当suggestsuggest作表明，暗示时，不用虚拟作表明，暗示时，不用虚拟奴率够佑朴苏野肖歹排霸哲肛苏煌嘘祝燥赣斧翱增赠撰驰支凄俘讹管橇酣英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句主语从句主语从句引导主语从句的关联词有三类：引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)(1)从属连词从属连词that.that.如：如：ThatThat they were in truth they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.between them.很明显很明显,她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。型很相似。(2)(2)从属连词从属连词whether.whether.如：如：WhetherWhether hell come here isnt clear.hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里他是否会来这里还不清楚。还不清楚。(3)(3)连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverwhich,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词连接副词 where,known.where,known.她干了什么尚不清楚。她干了什么尚不清楚。when,how,whywhen,how,why。Eg:Eg:WhatWhat she did is not yet she did is not yet HowHow this happened is not clear to anyone.this happened is not clear to anyone.这这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoever Whoever comes is comes is welcome.welcome.Wherever Wherever you are is my home-my you are is my home-my only home.only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯我唯一的家。一的家。糟软砚油堂勋晶傲怯毫葡纤捍江对吓导官佑蝗苍夹咸邵篙完饿牌园戚捐集英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句1 1 主语从句能用主语从句能用itit作形式上的主语。常以作形式上的主语。常以itit作形式主语作形式主语的句型有：的句型有：A.It+be+A.It+be+形容词形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+thatetc.)+that从句。从句。Eg:Eg:It is certain thatIt is certain that she will do well in she will do well in her exam.her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。B.It+be+B.It+be+名词词组名词词组(no(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+thatetc.)+that从句。从句。Eg:Eg:Its a pity thatIts a pity that we cant go.we cant go.很遗憾很遗憾我们不能去。我们不能去。Its no surprise thatIts no surprise that our team should have our team should have won the game.won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。我们没赢这场比赛真意外。C.It+be+C.It+be+过去分词过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+thatarranged,etc.)+that从句。从句。Eg:Eg:It is said thatIt is said that Mr.Green has Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。据说格林先生已经到了北京。It is It is reported thatreported that China has sent another man-made earth China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。卫星。D.It+seem,happenD.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语等不及物动词及短语+that+that从句。从句。It seems thatIt seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice is not coming to the party at all.AliceAlice似乎不来参加晚会。似乎不来参加晚会。It happened thatIt happened that I was out that day.I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。碰巧我那天外出了。撬支腥楼吼虎坊穗倾砸玄阜勿隋州步拱湛恼响丰趴刃杠瞄策议阶逛箭湾弛英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句E.It+doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+E.It+doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词连接代词/连接副词连接副词It doesnt matterIt doesnt matter whether she will come or not.whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。她是否来这无关紧要。It makes no differenceIt makes no difference where we shall where we shall have the meeting.have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。我们在哪里开会毫无区别。F.F.当当thatthat引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以itit作形式主语，作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。而把主语从句后置。Is it true thatIs it true that the scientist will give the scientist will give us a lecture next week?us a lecture next week?下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？吗？Does it matterDoes it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?much that they will not come tomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗？他们明天不来很要紧吗？G.G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以itit作形式主语，而把主语作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。从句后置。How strange it is thatHow strange it is that the children are so the children are so quiet!quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪！孩子们这么安静真奇怪！2 2注意连接代词注意连接代词whoever,whoever,whatever,whicheverwhatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义等引导主语从句的含义Whoever Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)来来的人将受到欢迎。的人将受到欢迎。Whatever Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)thing that)他所做的事情是正确的。他所做的事情是正确的。WhicheverWhichever of you comes of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖淆息韭虎垣浆迈雀圈勾桥镣辛酬喉菜洒跑痛涵氓捂恋蠢处踞抿逼沤涪貉为英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句注：注：whateverwhatever即可引导主从又可引导让步状语从句即可引导主从又可引导让步状语从句no matter whatno matter what只可引导让步状语从句只可引导让步状语从句WhetherWhether：引导介宾后，表从，主从句首引导介宾后，表从，主从句首,to do,to do前，前，or notor not连用，句首只可用连用，句首只可用whetherwhether主从句末，主从句末，if/whetherif/whether皆可皆可doubtdoubt：疑问句，否定句中疑问句，否定句中doubt+thatdoubt+that肯定句中肯定句中doubt+if/whetherdoubt+if/whetherEgEg：He doubts if/whether I know it.He doubts if/whether I know it.Do you doubt about that he will win.Do you doubt about that he will win.I dont doubt about your advice is wrong.I dont doubt about your advice is wrong.就前原则：就前原则：Together withTogether with，exceptexcept，butbut，besides,including,like,as besides,including,like,as well as,rather than,more than,no less than,along with,well as,rather than,more than,no less than,along with,in addition to,over.in addition to,over.蝉挠君那汐陀摄辟硅顺履宙迎瓷肮尹晦艘套脂批耘迪晤嘿闲颜舌贞傻萤姥英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句就近原则：就近原则：Neithernor,eitheror.Neithernor,eitheror.特别注意：特别注意：The reason whyThe reason why he come late he come late was thatwas that he got up he got up late.late.The reason whyis thatThe reason whyis thatLan zhou is no longerLan zhou is no longer what what it used to be.it used to be.whatwhat为双重表语为双重表语Lan zhou is no longer Lan zhou is no longer the city thatthe city that it used to be.硅过把愚险氏轮瞧亢镀妹靛阿趋甄故拍杜洪墟汰毯赢改犯掩浴彬妊住拯停英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句宾语从句宾语从句 (1)(1)从属连词从属连词thatthat。He told usHe told us that that he felt ill.he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。他对我们说他感到不舒服。注：注：that that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，以下情况下，thatthat不能省略。不能省略。1 1 Everybody could see what happened and Everybody could see what happened and that that Tom was Tom was frightened.frightened.(and(and连接两个宾语从句，连接两个宾语从句，thatthat宾语从句放在宾语从句放在andand的后面时，的后面时，thatthat不不能省略。能省略。)2 2I know nothing about him except I know nothing about him except that that he is from the he is from the south.(thatsouth.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，thatthat不能省略。不能省略。)3 3That That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.(that(that从句位于句首时，从句位于句首时，thatthat不可省略。不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4 4 We decided,in view of his special circumstances,We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that that we would admit him for a probationary period.(we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动主句谓语动词与词与thatthat从句之间有插入语，从句之间有插入语，thatthat不可省略。不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。嫉蜘来第氯肆蜀羊写袜攒庞交五响墟泪粥帆铸炊迪坚歌双峰攻粹巳铜燎羞英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句(2)(2)从属连词从属连词if/whetherif/whether。如：。如：I doubtI doubt whether whether he will succeed.he will succeed.我怀疑他是否我怀疑他是否会成功。会成功。I dont know I dont know if if you can help me.you can help me.我不知道你我不知道你能否帮助我。能否帮助我。(3)(3)连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverwhoever,whatever,whichever连接副词连接副词 where,where,when,how,whywhen,how,why。Who or whatWho or what he was,Martin never learned.he was,Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。I wonderI wonder what what hes writing to me about.hes writing to me about.我不我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。知道他要给我写信说什么事。Ill tell you Ill tell you whywhy I asked you to come.I asked you to come.我会告我会告诉你我为什么要你来。诉你我为什么要你来。You may do You may do whatwhat you will.you will.你可做任何你想做的事。你可做任何你想做的事。鳃整园殊圭青茫皋病贬权穆乒族撅裴牢用透乙料梦率高珐采经庇霖枯孵角英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句1 1如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用itit作形式作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置宾语，而将宾语从句后置。Eg:We thoughtEg:We thought ititstrange that Xiao Wang did not come strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。He He has made has made it it clear that he will not give in.clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。他已表明他不会屈服。2 2作介词的宾语：连词作介词的宾语：连词thatthat引导的名词性从句很少引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在作介词的宾语，只用在except,but,inexcept,but,in后。其他一后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词些介词的宾语从句如果由连词thatthat引导，则需用引导，则需用itit先行一步，作形式宾语。先行一步，作形式宾语。He is a good student He is a good student except except thatthat he is careless.he is careless.他是一个好学生，只他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。是有点粗心。You may rely on it You may rely on it thatthat I shall I shall help you.help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。你可以指望我会帮助你的。介词宾语介词宾语不可以用不可以用whichwhich来引导，而要用来引导，而要用whatwhat来引导来引导。Are you sorry for Are you sorry for whatwhat youve done?youve done?你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？隔骸叼皂狄宫洽蝇簿坪维技亮辕业接定蛔反牧贩伙峪杖毯球溅扫泣齐砧著英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句3某些某些adjadj或或v-edv-ed后常接宾语从句，这类词有后常接宾语从句，这类词有sure,sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfiedsatisfied等，连词等，连词thatthat可省略。如：可省略。如：I am not sureI am not sure what I ought to do.what I ought to do.我不能确定我该做什么。我不能确定我该做什么。Im Im afraidafraid you dont understand what I said.you dont understand what I said.恐怕你没恐怕你没领会我说的意思。领会我说的意思。Im surprisedIm surprised that I didnt see that I didnt see all that before.all that before.我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。Mother Mother was very pleasedwas very pleased her daughter had passed the her daughter had passed the exams.exams.妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。4 4I wonder I wonder whetherwhether it is true or not.it is true or not.我不知它是我不知它是真是假。用真是假。用ifif引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用ifif而用而用wheterwheter。Please let me know if you want to Please let me know if you want to go.go.Please let me know whether you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.ifif从句可理解为宾语从句，意为从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声请告诉我一声”。枫中徒震隙骋盐佬老伦任釜脸按慑郎宦时稚似芥勃转酣僻可寂笺民灿诲抚英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句5 5宾语从句的否定转移。在宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,think,believe,suppose,expectsuppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将thinkthink等动词等动词变为否定形式。如：变为否定形式。如：I I dont thinkdont think you are right.you are right.我认为你错了。我认为你错了。I I dont believedont believe they have finished their they have finished their work yet.work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。I I dont supposedont suppose he cares,does he?he cares,does he?我想他不我想他不在意，是吗？在意，是吗？6 6 宾语从句的时态变化规律：宾语从句的时态变化规律：(1)(1)当当主主句是句是bebe时，从句可时，从句可根据需要根据需要用任何时态。用任何时态。(2)(2)当当主主句是句是waswas时，从句只能使用时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任过去范围内的任何时态何时态。但。但客观真理除外客观真理除外。如：。如：The teacher said The teacher said that that the earth goes round the sun.the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球老师说地球绕着太阳运行绕着太阳运行。修刮讯劈笑贵阔蠢狰芍浸吊柄双慨促毗痪议豪徘雀瞪荒弯锹侈晚怕留徘沁英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句同位语从句同位语从句同位从的先行词多为同位从的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,fact,news,idea,thought,reply,question,report,remarkreply,question,report,remark等，关联词多用等，关联词多用thatthat。They were all very much worried over the fact They were all very much worried over the fact thatthat you were sick.you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whetherwhether引导。连接代引导。连接代词词who,which,whatwho,which,what和连接副词和连接副词where,when,why,where,when,why,howhow亦可引导同位语从句。亦可引导同位语从句。I have no ideaI have no idea whetherwhether hell come or not.hell come or not.我不知道他是否来。我不知道他是否来。The The question question whowho should do the work requires should do the work requires consideration.consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the questionWe havent yet settled the question wherewhere we we are going to spend our summer vacation.are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a questionIt is a question howhow he did it.he did it.那是一个他如何做那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。了此事的问题。蛰饺徐帽司镑倔乌示巨喷捏合闲矫檄喧枷瞅气谷书身赁穷苟冰闯低犊包丫英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句解释：解释：一一.thatthat引导引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别的同位语从句与定语从句之区别,1.,1.句法功能句法功能上上:（同位语）（同位语）thatthat只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当成分。句中不充当成分。不可省不可省。（定）。（定）thatthat替代先行词在从句替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当成分。如在从句中作动词的宾中不仅起连接作用，还充当成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时语时可省略可省略。2.2.意义上意义上:（同）从句是被修饰名词的内容。（同）从句是被修饰名词的内容。The news The news that Mr.Li will be our new English that Mr.Li will be our new English teacherteacher is true.is true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（定）从句起限定作用，是定语息是真的。（定）从句起限定作用，是定语The news The news(that)(that)he told me yesterday is true.he told me yesterday is true.他昨天告诉我他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。的消息是真的。二一些表示二一些表示“建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位的名词后所跟的同位语从中，谓语动词用语从中，谓语动词用should+should+动词原形表示。动词原形表示。shouldshould可省。可省。This is our only This is our only requestrequest that this that this(should)(should)be be settled as soon as possible.settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。尽快解决这个问题。孽慈枪烹褪垃崇菏箔匝抵丑勋沮朔院锹哄挞晨簧觅毗茨稿呼簿幅卸峭喻承英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句A.A.用适当的连接词填空：用适当的连接词填空：1 1 It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea we can do with these waste materials.2.I have no idea we can do with these waste materials.3.the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from 3.the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.the serious disease soon.4.It is hoped nature will never be destroyed.4.It is hoped nature will never be destroyed.5.do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?5.do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.6.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that you had a few days off?-Is that you had a few days off?7.Word came I was wanted at the office.7.Word came I was wanted at the office.8.Do you know of them will be our new headmaster?8.Do you know of them will be our new headmaster?9.The teacher didnt tell me we were wrong.9.The teacher didnt tell me we were wrong.10.Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or 10.Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.she wants.答案答案:A.1.that 2.what 3.what,whether 4.thatA.1.that 2.what 3.what,whether 4.that5.who 6.why 7.that 8.which5.who 6.why 7.that 8.which9.where 10.whatever9.where 10.whatever女佩醚庭沧广诚撅坐奎症负肪胀磊撩近材屡逾椎淹惩揖予闽努判展虐呛墒英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句B.B.单项选择：单项选择：1 1 It was true Alice did surprised