高考英语阅读理解中深层理解技巧.ppt

高考阅读理解中的深层理解技巧Reading Comprehension SkillsDeep layer comprehension深层理解题深层理解题1、题目、题目(title)2、文章中心（、文章中心（main idea)3、写作目的（、写作目的（purpose)4、作者态度（、作者态度（attitude)5.内容的深层推理内容的深层推理(inference)一、题目一、题目题目的特点题目的特点1、独特新颖、独特新颖2、涵盖性强、涵盖性强3、短小精炼、短小精炼What is the best title for this passage?The best headline for this newspaper article is题目判断方法是寻找主题句或主题段落，从开头、题目判断方法是寻找主题句或主题段落，从开头、中间或结尾概括中间或结尾概括,没有主题句的要从全文大意来概没有主题句的要从全文大意来概括括.常用的表达句式：常用的表达句式：解题技巧解题技巧：1、主题句出现在开头。模式：总、主题句出现在开头。模式：总 分分 分（演绎法）即开门见山。新闻报道、分（演绎法）即开门见山。新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式。说明文、议论文常用此方式。Passage 1The best title for this text would be A.Pets Help Attract CustomersB.Your Favorite Office PetsC.Pets Join the Workforce D.Busy Life for PetsPassage 2 Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work,a move scientists say can be good for productivity,workplace morale，and the well-being of animals.What would be the best title for the text?A.A Cross-country Trip B.A Special Border PassC.An Unguarded Border D.An Expensive Church VisitMontreal(Reuters)-Crossing the US-Canada border(边界边界)to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen$10000 for breaking Washingtons strict new security（安全）（安全）rules.CD、主题句出现在结尾。模式：分、主题句出现在结尾。模式：分 分分 总（归纳法）即先摆事实，后作结论。总（归纳法）即先摆事实，后作结论。Passage 3What would be the best title for the text?A.Alice-cities cities of the future?B.Space travel with H.G.WellsC.Enjoy living underground D.Building down,not up Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space.The surface,they say,can be used for farms,parks,gardens,and wilderness.H.G.Wells“moon people”would agree.Would you?D导引摆事实结论3、主题句出现在中间。模式：分、主题句出现在中间。模式：分 总总 分（即通过导引部分引出主题再进行分（即通过导引部分引出主题再进行 论述）。论述）。Passage 4What would be the best title for this passage?A.Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B.B.Smoking is a bad habitC.Dr.Derek Raghavan advises people to stop smokingD.Why did Peter Jennings die of Lung cancer?Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America according to the American Cancer Society.About 160,440 Americans die each year from lung cancer,accounting for 28 percent of all cancer deaths.More than 87 percent of lungcancers are smoking related,according to the Lung Cancer Organization.A4、无主题句，题目要从整体文章中概括。要特别留意文章的事实和线索。、无主题句，题目要从整体文章中概括。要特别留意文章的事实和线索。Passage 5Which of the following would be the title for the text?A.Childhood Dream B.A Mothers Love C.A Graduation Party D.A Special BirthdayFacts:my 12th birthday my graduation dance feel loved like the gardenia mothers deathClue:loveB二、文章中心二、文章中心1、直接文章中心：直接从文章的信息点提到或概括出来的中心主旨。、直接文章中心：直接从文章的信息点提到或概括出来的中心主旨。常用的句式有：The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about Whats the main subject of the passage?解题技巧：概括文章的中心方法基本上跟题目判断方法一致。解题技巧：概括文章的中心方法基本上跟题目判断方法一致。特别注意：特别注意：文章中的文章中的but,however,as a result,therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。而的方向词。而for example,first,or to begin with等是引出细节的信息词，在等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。Passage 6 You might think that“global warming”means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature.But,rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation(撤离)of an island nation-the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.The text is mainly aboutA.rapid changes in earths temperature B.bad effects of global warmingC.moving of a country to a new place D.reasons for lowland floodingB2.隐含文章中心：从文章表面的信息去推断文章隐藏的中心主旨。隐含文章中心：从文章表面的信息去推断文章隐藏的中心主旨。常用的句式：常用的句式：From the text we can learn that From the passage,we can conclude that From the passage,we can infer that The text implies(suggests)thatPassage 7From the passage,we can infer thatA.Babbage failed to be a famous scientist at Cambridge.B.Babbage always had new ideas but gave them up easily.C.Babbage always needed support from the government officials.D.Babbage was the first designer of the modern computer.D三、写作目的三、写作目的1、文章目的：跟文章中心归纳一致。文章目的：跟文章中心归纳一致。常用表达的句式：常用表达的句式：What is the purpose of this article?The purpose of this passage is2、作者的写作目的：是作者写这篇文章、作者的写作目的：是作者写这篇文章 的言外之意。的言外之意。常用的表达句式：常用的表达句式：Whats the authors purpose of writing this article?The author writes this passage in order to The purpose of the speaker isThe purpose of the speaker is .A.to satisfy the customers various tastes B.to keep the authors in the cinema bookstoreC.to offer the tourists chances to meet the film starsD.to turn the readers into film producesAPassage 8四、作者态度、倾向四、作者态度、倾向 作者态度，倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，作者态度，倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记叙文或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。对记叙文或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。常用的表达句式：常用的表达句式：The authors attitude towards this article is Passage 9 Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news?All I read about is murder,bribery(行贿行贿),and death.Frankly,I am sick of all this bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.informA五、具体内容的深层推理五、具体内容的深层推理深层推理是指不直接说出，而是从片语信息中推导出深层的内涵。深层推理是指不直接说出，而是从片语信息中推导出深层的内涵。常用的表达句式常用的表达句式：What can we infer from the(second,third,last)paragraph or ones words?The second paragraph implies(suggests)that Passage 10“If people say to you:the greenhouse effect（温室效应）is a good thing because we would go into an ice age otherwise,our data say no,a new ice age is not hanging over or heads,”said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey.“Now we have eight examples of how the climate goes in and out of ice ages.And you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future.”We can infer from Eric Wolffs words that A.there is something wrong with the data B.greenhouse effect is always a bad thing C.a new ice age will not come in the near future D.greenhouse gas will get thick in the futureC