2012届高考英语二轮复习精品课件第2模块语法填空专题2　说明文型语法填空.ppt

专题二专题二 说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空 专题二说明文型语法填空专题二说明文型语法填空专题导读专题导读专题二专题二 专题导读专题导读 说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：一种文体。其语言特点有：1多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。理的一种介绍与解释。2采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。感觉。分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主谓宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然先确定句子的主谓宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。典例导练典例导练专题二专题二 典例导练典例导练 The air we breathe is freely available,without which we could not survive more than a few minutes.For the most part,air is available to everyone,and everyone _1_(need)it.Some people use the air to sustain them while _2_(seat)around and feel sorry for themselves._3_ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make_4_ magnificent life.Opportunity is_5_ the same way;it is everywhere.It is_6_freely available that we take it for granted.Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success,it must_7_(seize)and acted upon in order to have value.So many people are so anxious to“get in”on a专题二专题二 典例导练典例导练“ground floor opportunity”，as if the opportunity will do all the work thats _8_(possible)Just as you need air to breathe,you need opportunity to succeed.It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity,_9_.You must make use of it.Thats not up to the opportunity,thats up to you.It doesnt matter what“floor”the opportunity is on,but _10_ matters is what you do with it.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._专题二专题二 典例导练典例导练 【解析解析】1needs考查主谓一致，由全文时态考查主谓一致，由全文时态可知用一般现在时，可知用一般现在时，everyone后用第三人称单数。后用第三人称单数。2seated过去分词作伴随状语，过去分词作伴随状语，相当于相当于“while they are seated”。3Others句型：句型：some.others.4a表示表示“一种奇妙的生活一种奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不，是泛指，故用不定冠词定冠词a。5inin the way是固定搭配。是固定搭配。专题二专题二 典例导练典例导练 6so句型：句型：so.that.7be seized依据上下文的理解，依据上下文的理解，可知句意表示可知句意表示“有有机遇必须抓住，机遇必须抓住，你才能成功你才能成功”。8impossible依据上下文和构词法，依据上下文和构词法，此处应为此处应为“不不可能的可能的”，故用故用“impossible”。9however/though插入语，插入语，意为意为“然而然而”。10what引导主语从句且在句中作主语，故用引导主语从句且在句中作主语，故用what。专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测(一一)Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil.The first seed said,“I want to grow!I want to send my roots deep into the soil _1_ me,and thrust my sprouts(芽芽)_2_ the earths crust above me.I want to open my tender buds(蓓蕾蓓蕾)like banners to announce the _3_(arrive)of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew(露水露水)on my petals(花瓣花瓣)！”And so she grew.The second seed said,“I am afraid.If I send my roots into the ground below,I dont know what I _4_(come)across in the dark.If I push my way through新题预测新题预测专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测the hard soil above me,I may damage my delicate sprouts.What if I let my buds open and a snail(蜗牛蜗牛)tries _5_(eat)them?And _6_ I were to open my blossoms,_7_ small child may pull me from the ground.No,it is much _8_(good)for me to wait _9_it is safe.”And so she waited.A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate _10_.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测【解析解析】两颗种子的故事，告诉我们惧怕冒险和成长，两颗种子的故事，告诉我们惧怕冒险和成长，最终要被生活吞没。最终要被生活吞没。1beneath介词，意为介词，意为“在在之下之下”与下文的与下文的above相对。相对。2through介词，意为介词，意为“穿过穿过”。3arrival在冠词后用名词。在冠词后用名词。4will come对未来的预测，句意为：我不知道在对未来的预测，句意为：我不知道在黑暗之中将会遇到什么。黑暗之中将会遇到什么。5to eat因因try表示表示“试图做某事试图做某事”，后接不定式。，后接不定式。6ifif引导虚拟条件句。引导虚拟条件句。7a表示泛指的表示泛指的“某一个某一个”小孩，故用不定冠词小孩，故用不定冠词a。专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测 8better隐性比较级，即隐性比较级，即“等等”比比“长长”好得多。句好得多。句中中much也提示我们要用比较级，因为也提示我们要用比较级，因为much常用来修饰比较常用来修饰比较级，表示级，表示“得多得多”。9until意为意为“直到直到”，引导时间状语从句。，引导时间状语从句。10itit指代前文中的指代前文中的the waiting seed。专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测(二二)What would you do if you failed?Many people may choose to give up._1_,the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick _2_ your goal.On your way to success,you _3_ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp,guiding you in darkness and _4_(help)you overcome obstacles on your way._5_,you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere _6_ an objective in life.专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve _7_.Only in this way _8_ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time _9_(proper)And you should also have a belief _10_ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测【解析解析】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。坚持你的方向和目标。1However与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点，与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点，用副词用副词however。2tostick to意为意为“坚持坚持”。3must由语境不难揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在由语境不难揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。4helping与与guiding并列，一起补充说明并列，一起补充说明a lamp，故用现在分词。故用现在分词。5Otherwise由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示表示“否则否则”的的otherwise。专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测 6without句意：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。句意：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。7itit指代指代your objective。8will/can句意：只有这样，你才会知道句意：只有这样，你才会知道 9properly修饰动词修饰动词spend作状语用副词。作状语用副词。10that引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意义完整，故填义完整，故填that。专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测(三三)It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying _1_ home in his mouth.Now,_2_ his way home he had to cross a plank lying _3_a running brook._4_ he crossed,he looked _5_ and saw his own shadow _6_(reflect)in the water beneath.Thinking it was _7_ dog with another piece of meat,he made up his mind to have that also.So he made a snap at _8_ shadow in the water,_9_ as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out,_10_(drop)into the water and was never seen more.Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow.专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测【解析解析】这则狗和影子的故事，告诫我们：切莫因追逐这则狗和影子的故事，告诫我们：切莫因追逐幻影而丢失已有的东西。幻影而丢失已有的东西。1it指代指代a piece of meat，故用，故用it。2on表示表示“在某人回家的路上在某人回家的路上”用用on ones way home。3across表示表示“横过横过”河流或道路等细长的东西或河流或道路等细长的东西或操场等一个平面的东西，用介词操场等一个平面的东西，用介词across。4As/When表示表示“当当时候时候”。5down因因“向下看向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用才能看到水中的影子，故用down。6reflected因因shadow与与reflect是被动关系，故用是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。过去分词作定语。专题二专题二 新题预测新题预测 7another指它以为是指它以为是“另一条狗另一条狗”。8the特指水中的特指水中的“那个那个”影子，故用定冠词影子，故用定冠词the。9but前后是转折关系。前后是转折关系。10dropped与与opened,was seen是并列关系，三个先是并列关系，三个先后发生的动作应当用同一时态，故后发生的动作应当用同一时态，故drop也用一般过去时，故填也用一般过去时，故填dropped。