高考英语语法知识主语从句考点难点分析讲义.docx
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高考英语语法知识主语从句考点难点分析讲义.docx
高中英语语法知识:主语从句考点难点分析名词性从句之主语从句的用法名词性从句是指在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 根据其在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句通常由that、whether、what、who、which、whatever、whoever、whom、 how、when、where、why 等引导词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词都在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当主语的成分。下面来看几个例句:Whether tomorrow is a good day is unclear. 明天是否是一个好日子还不得而知。What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。Where the concert will be held has not yet been announced. 音乐会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。有时为了避免句子头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语代替主语从句放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。这就产生了如下句型:It be + 形容词 + that从句It's great that you achieve your dream.真棒,你实现了自己的梦想。It be+ 名词 + that从句It's a great pity that he didn't pass the test.很遗憾,他没能通过考试。It be + 动词的过去分词+ 主语从句It's said that he has been there many times.据说他去过那儿很多次。it is important that类句型中的主语从句用虚拟语气在It is important that.句式中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should在美国英语中通常省略。如:Its important that we (should) reply to her letter. 回复她的信是重要的。It is important that we should speah politely. 我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的。与本句型相似的还有以下句型:1. it is necessary that句型:It is necessary that I should return it this morning. 今天早上我就有必要还回去。It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist. 没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。2. it is impossible that句型:It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。3. it is essential that句型:It is essential that the meeting start at eight. 会议务必在8点钟开始It is essential that we should tell her the news. 我们有必要告诉她这个消息。4. it is desirable that句型:It is desirable that everything should be ready by five oclock. 最好一切在5点前准备就绪。It is desirable that there should be a cold season once a year. 每年有一个寒冷的季节,是很令人盼望的。5. it is advisable that句型:It is advisable that everyone should have a map. 最好每一个人都有一张地图。It is advisable that he should see a dentist regularly. 他定期去看牙科医生是明智的。it is strange that类句型中的主语从句用虚拟语气在It is strange that.句式中,其中由that引导的主语从句可以陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气,其区别是:用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)主要强调惊讶之意,其感情色彩比较浓;若不特别强调感情色彩,则用陈述语气。比较:Its strange that he has left without telling us. 奇怪,他没有和我们说一声就走了。Its strange that he should have left without telling us. 奇怪,他竟然没有和我们说一声就走了。与本句型相似的还有以下句型:1. it is natural that句型:Its natural that you should forget it. 你忘了这事不足为奇。It is quite natural that he should think so. 他这样想是很自然的事。2. it is amazing that句型:It is amazing that theyre still together. 他们还在一起,真是让人感到惊讶。It is amazing that they should still be together. 他们竟然还在一起,真是让人感到惊讶。3. it is astonishing that句型:Its astonishing that she says that sort of thing to you. 她对你说出那种话,真叫人吃惊。Its astonishing that she should say that sort of thing to you. 她居然对你说出那种话,真叫人吃惊。4. it is surprising that句型:It is surprising that she has married a farmer. 她和农民结婚实在令人意想不到。It is surprising that she should have married a farmer. 她居然和农民结婚实在令人意想不到。it is a pity that类句型中的主语从句用虚拟语气在It is a pity that.句式中,其中由that引导的主语从句可以陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气,其区别是:用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)主要强调惊讶之意,其感情色彩比较浓;若不特别强调感情色彩,则用陈述语气。比较:It is a pity that she failed the driving examination. 她没通过驾驶考试真是遗憾。It is a pity (that) she should have failed the driving examination. 她竟然没有通过驾驶考试,真是可惜啊!与本句型相似的还有 it is a shame that句型:Its a shame that they are so wasteful. 这样浪费太遗憾了。Its a shame that they should be so wasteful. 竟然这样浪费真是太遗憾了。注:连词that的省略问题引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略:That you didn't go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)It was a pity (that) you didn't go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)that和what引导的主语从句名词性从句可以称作为主语从句,主语从句就是用来做句子的主语的。主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。一、由that引导的主语从句。1. That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着,真是奇迹。2.That we shall be late is certain.我们要晚了,这是确定无疑的。3.That he should have ignored the working class was natural.他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。4. That she is still alive is a consolation.她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。5. That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence.她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。6. That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。7. That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village.她被挑选上,在她村 子里引起很大轰动。二、关系代词型what引导的主语从句。1. What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。2.What I want to know is this.我想知道的就是这一点。3.Whats done is done.事已成定局。4.What he says is not important.他说的话并不重要。5.What I am telling you is mere impressions.我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。6. What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。7. What you need is a good-sized canvas bag.你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。8.What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal.我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。学科网(北京)股份有限公司