高三英语一轮复习语法主语从句概念解析讲义.docx

高中英语语法主语从句概念解析及巩固练习什么是表语？表语从句概念解析表语从句是名词性从句的一种，是学习者们经常会碰到的知识点。什么是表语？表语是英语区别于汉语所特有的一种词类，是起表述作用的句子成分，它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。表语必须和系动词一起构成系表结构，作为句子的复合谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、形容词化的现在分词或过去分词以及从句来充当。eg. Africa is a big continent. (名词作表语)     Our next step was to prepare raw materials.（不定式作表语）     The patient is in danger.（介词短语作表语）      Who's your best friend? （代词作表语）      He is old but he is healthy. (形容词作表语)那么什么是表语从句？在一个复合句中，当从句作的是主句的表语成分时，这个从句就被称为表语从句eg. The problem is what we can get from him.      My idea is that we should start making preparations as soon as possible.* 1.表语从句一定要用正常语序,疑问句也要用陈述语序。     eg.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. (正常的陈述语序)   2.主句时态和表语从句时态可以不一致。     eg. The question is why she failed the exam.表语从句用法大总结表语从句是名词性从句的一种，也是往往最令大家迷糊的一种，很多人都弄不清标语的概念，因而也弄不清表语从句的用法引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if, as though, because等连词。1. 由that引导The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。2. 由whether引导The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。3. 由连接代词引导You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。4. 由连接副词引导The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。Thats where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。Thats why he didnt come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。Thats why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。Thats where you are wrong. 这就是表语从句考点分析表语从句：在复合句中充当表语。1. that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。The fact is that he is lying.The odds are that he will not do it.2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。Our belief is that things will improve.The trouble is that we are short of money.2. whether引导表语从句（不可用if)。His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet.The question is whether people will buy it.3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which引导的表语从句。This is what I want.The question is who can be chosen to be manager of the company.My question is which of them is better.4. 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的表语从句。The problem seemed how we could make him understand it.The question is where we should go.5. as if, as though引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）。He looks as if he were angry.It looks as if it's going to rain.你不对的地方。考点形式：表语从句1.(2010北京) Parts of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C. why D. whether答案：B解析：“查尔斯·狄更斯喜爱他自己的小说大卫·科波菲尔的部分原因是这本书几乎是以他的真实生活为原版创作的。”本题考查表语从句。设空处需要的是表语从句的引导词，而表语从句it was rather closely modeled on his own life很完整，意义表达清晰，不缺任何成分，故用that引导。2.(2010江苏) -  I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.- Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what答案：A解析：“每逢周日，我更喜欢整天都呆在屋里听音乐。”“那就是我不同意的地方，你应该过一种非常积极的生活。”本题考查名词性从句。Agree为不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，故排除what；when表示时间，how表示方式，where表示具体地点或抽象地点，根据句意可知此处应用where引导表语从句。3.(2010上海) One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that  B. how  C. what  D. why答案：A解析：本题考查表语从句。句意“她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是她去商店和餐馆这些地方很便捷”，连接词在表语从句中无其他意义，只起连接作用，故选。4.(2007上海)The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案：C解析：本题考查表语从句。句意“传统观点认为，我们的睡眠是受大脑支配的(即大脑中的程序设置让我们这么做的)”，表语从句意思完整，只需用that引导，故选D。5.(2006上海)One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how     B. why       C. that       D. when答案：C解析：本题考查表语从句。句意“弹奏吉他的一个好处就是它能带给你很多快乐”，连接词在动词be后面引导表语从句，而且不表示任何意义，故选C。专项训练：1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _ he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It's _ you left it.A. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _ to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is _I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ we were late last time.A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9.- I fell sick!- I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11.- He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why答案1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.B学科网（北京）股份有限公司