【课件】虚拟语气课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习.pptx

英语中的虚拟语气有4种：o条件句中的虚拟语气o含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气o名词性从句中的虚拟语气o状语从句中的虚拟语气条件从句主句与现在事实相反的假定一般过去时Were动词过去式would+动词原形（主语不分人称）should+动词原形（限于主语为第一人称)could/might+动词原形（根据需要）与过去事实相反的假定过去完成时had+p.p.would+have+p.p.（主语不分人称）should+have+p.p.（限于主语为第一人称)could/might+have+p.p.（根据需要）推测未来不可能实现或实现可能性很小的假定Should+动词原形Were to+动词原形would+动词原形（主语不分人称）should+动词原形（限于主语为第一人称)could/might+动词原形（根据需要）1.含有if的虚拟条件句的规则：o1.If he had taken my advice,he _(be)a scientist now.o2.Some people insisted that the talks _(hold)at Geneva.o3._(be)a man ever so successful,he should not be proud.o4.Had he answered the detective honestly,he _(not arrest).o5.He recommends that she _(begin)a regular degree program.would bebe heldBewouldnt have been arrestbegino6.She _(fall)but that I caught her.o7.I propose that he _(take)half an hours rest.o8.He talks about Rome as though he _(be)there himself.o9._(be)he friend or enemy,the law regards him as a criminal.o10.He gave orders that the guests _(hospitably entertain).would have fallentake/should takehad beenBe(should)be hospitably entertain条件句中的虚拟语气注意事项 A.混合虚拟条件句：混合虚拟条件句：oIf you _ that late movie last night,you wouldnt be so sleepy.oA.hadnt watchedoB.havent watchedoC.wouldnt have watchedoD.didnt watch与过去事实相反oIf you had taken your medicine yesterday,_ well now.oa.you are ob.you would have beenoc.you would be od.you wereoMany dead would now be alive _ to return for something.oa.If they havent attempted ob.If they didnt attemptoc.If they hadnt attempted od.If they dont attempt2.省略省略if的条件句的条件句条件句中可以将were/had/should提至句首，省略if。o考试技巧：考试技巧：o考试时经常是将省略if的与含有if的选项并列，o在这种情况下，都是倒装的结构为正确选项。o_ the advice of his friends,he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.oA.If he tookoB.If he should takeoC.Were he to takeoD.had he taken排除o_ today,she would get there by Friday.oa.If she leaves ob.Was she to leaveoc.Were she to leave od.Would she leaveo _ how important the task was,they wouldnt have refused to accept it.oa.If they realized ob.Had they realizedoc.If they hadnt realized od.If they realize3.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句常考的含蓄虚拟条件句句型有without,but for等介词表示条件，otherwise,but 等连词暗含一个条件：1）Were it not for和Had it not been for o1)Were it not for+名词(=If it were not for+名词)意为“若不是”，“要不是”，“假设没有”，它表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，根据具体情况分别用wouldshouldmightcould+动词原形。例：o If it were not for the television,we couldnt see things happening in other places假如没有电视，我们就不能看到其它地方所发生的事情。o Were it not for the debts,we would be all right如果不欠债，我们的生活就不成问题了。o 2)Had it not been for+名词(=If it had not been for+名词)，意为要不是”，“若不是”，“假设没有”，它表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句的谓语动词根据具体情况分别用wouldshouldmightcould+have+pp例：o If it hadnt been for the discovery of electricity，telegraph,telephone，radio and motion picture would have been altogetheroimpossible若不是发现了电的话，那么电报、电话、无线电和电影统统都是不可能的。o Had it not been for air，there would have been no living things若不是有空气的话，就没有生物了。2）but that和only thatobut that和only that表示“要不是”、”若不是”，它们引导的条件句的谓语动词用陈述语气，主句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如果条件句的谓语动词用过去时态，主句的谓语动词根据具体情况的需要分别可用wouldshouldmightcould+have+p.p.。如果条件句的谓语动词是现在时态，主句的谓语动词要根据假设的情况，即与现在事实相反的假设还是与过去事实相反的假设，分别用wouldshouldmightcould+动词原形或have+p.p。only that引导的条件句一般都在主句后，而but that引导的条件句在主句前后皆可。例:oBut that I saw the machine，I couldnt have imagined how efficiently it works如果不是看了这台机器，我无法想象它的效率会这样高。oHe would have started，only that it rained要不是下雨他早就动身了。oBut that the sun shines on the earth，there would be no tree若不是阳光照耀，地球上就没有树木了。oBut that he has a family，he could have left England long ago要是没有家属，他早已离开英国了。oI would come，only that I am engaged to dine out要不是有约外出吃饭的话，我倒愿意来的。oHe would have left but that he _.oa.is afraid ob.was afraidoc.has been afraid od.have been afraidoBut that he has a family,_ England long ago.oa.he left ob.he would leaveoc.he would have left od.he had left3）其它连词引导的条件句osuppose,supposing(that)，provided，unless,on condition that等连词引导的条件句的谓语动词既可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气，但是条件件句和主句的谓语动词的语气必须保持一致，例：o Supposing I didnt agree，what would you do?要是我不同意；你会怎么办？4）其他虚拟条件句的含蓄表达形式o有时候假设的条件不用条件从句来表达，而用介词短语、不定式、分词短语、比较级、连接词以及上下文含蓄地表达出来。尤其要注意：与otherwise，or，or else，but，and连用的含蓄条件句及but for；without；in the absence of等引导的条件状语，谓语动词要根据假设的具体情况确定用什么虚拟语气。o I didnt know the extent of his difficulty(=If I had known the extent of his difficulty)or l would have promised to help him那时我不知道他的困难程度，否则我会答应帮助他的。oWithout heat and sunlight,plants on the earth _ well.oA.would not growoB.will not growoC.had not growoD.would not be grownoI _ but I had no money.oa.would go abroad ob.would have gone abroadoc.go abroad od.would be going abroadoI didnt know that he was a liar,or else I _him.oa.wouldnt believe ob.didnt believeoc.wouldnt have believed od.dont believe oI got caught in the traffic;_I would have been here sooner.oa.anyway ob.however oc.although od.otherwise3名词性从句中的虚拟语气o 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。若名词性从句表示建议、命令、要求，重要性、紧迫性，以及要求、愿望等，从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其构成为“(should)+动词原形”。1.主语从句中的表语为下列形容词或过去分词，则谓语动词采用上述形式的虚拟语气。表示重要性、合适性、必要性、强制性、义务性的形容词，常用的有important，advisable，necessary，natural，essential，imperative，vital，best，appropriate，urgent，desirable等。表示不可思议、惊讶、不可理解的形容词，如amazing，surprising，odd,strange，absurd，shocked，ridiculous，unthinkable等。表示命令、建议、要求、提议等动词的过去分词，如：ordered,suggested,demanded，requested，desired，recommended，required等。It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。It is desired that we(should)preview our lesson before class.希望我们在课前把课文预习好。2.在下列动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词采用上述形式的虚拟语气。这类动词有：insist，determine，command，intend，propose，request，urge等。如：Mikes uncle insists that he(should)not stay in this hotel.迈克的叔叔坚决不留在这家旅馆里。They requested that we(should)send a delegation to their country.他们要求我们派一个代表团去他们国家。3.在下列名词后的同位语从句和表语从句中，谓语动词采用上述形式的虚拟语气。这类名词有：suggestion，decision，advice，order，preference，requirement等。如：The deans requirement is that all graduate students in education(should)pass CET6.教务处长要求所有在校研究生都应通过大学英语六级考试。He gave orders that guests(should)be hospitably entertained.他下命令热情款待这些客人。解题思路：o注意:这类句型的考题中，一般都会有would,must等干扰项，正确选项以省略should者居多。o正确选项通常是下列形式中的一种：odo/beonot doonot be doneoIt is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made.oA.is not startedoB.will not be startedoC.not be startedoD.is not to be startedo答题技巧答题技巧：选一个特殊的或少见的4.其他句型中的虚拟语气o1)wish 后面的从句时态可以有三种情况。o I wish _ to study mathematics years ago.oa.I could start ob.I can startoc.I started od.I had startedo 2）在had hoped，had intended,had meant，had thought，had planned，had expected和had wanted等表示过去没有实现的希望或企图，要求它们后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词用would+动词原形。o I had hoped Mr.Smith would give me an early reply我原本希望史密斯先生会早点给我回信。o She had expected you would come yesterday她原指望你昨天会来的。oIf only 表示愿望时与wish用法相同。owould rather(that)用一般过去时。oIts(about/high)time that 用一般过去时oIf only I _ then what I knew afterwards!oa.know ob.knew oc.had known od.would know状语从句中的虚拟语气o方式状语从句中的虚拟语气：as if/though从句中的虚拟语气oHe talks as though _ where she was.oa.he knows ob.he know oc.he knew od.he had knownoHe looks as if _ a decent meal for a month.oa.he had ob.he didnt haveoc.he hadnt had od.he hasnt had让步状语从句用虚拟语气1）以be开头的虚拟语气让步句。o1)be+主语+ever so(=very)+形容词，+主句(用陈述语气)o Be it ever so late，I must do another experiment尽管时间很晚了，我还得再做一个实验。o Home is home，be it ever so homely不管多么简陋，家总是家。1）以be开头的虚拟语气让步句。o2)be+主语+表语+or+表语，+主句(用陈述句语气)o Be he friend or enemy，the law regards him as a criminal.不管他是朋友还是敌人，法律认为他是罪犯。o All magnets behave the same，be they large or small所有磁铁不论大小，其性质都一样。1）以be开头的虚拟语气让步句。o3)be+名词代词+maywillo Be the weather what it may,I will go out.不管天气如何，我一定要出去。o_ I will marry him all the same.oa.He is rich or poor,ob.Whether he was rich or poor,oc.Be he rich or poor,od.If he is rich or poor,2）though和although引导虚拟语气让步句。o1)让步从句的谓语用动词原形，表示一种纯粹的假设，主句用陈述语气，偶尔也用祈使语气。o Though everyone desert you，I will not(desert you)即使所有的人都背叛你，我也决不背叛你。o Although he be your brother，I dont know him虽然他是你的兄弟，但是我可不认识他。o Ill come down to them for a day at Christmas，though it be only for a day我将于圣诞节到他们这里来呆上一天，虽然只有一天。2）though和although引导虚拟语气让步句。o2)让步从句的谓语用were或should+动词原形，主句用陈述语气或用wouldshouldmight+动词原形。o Though the whole world should condemn him，I will still believe in him即使全世界都谴责他，我仍然相信他。o Though he should fail a hundred times in the experiment there would still be hope即使他在该实验中失败一百次还是有希望的。o This gave me some faint hopes of relief，although I were not able to imagine how it could be brought about.这件事情使我获救有了一线希望，尽管我想不出它如何实现。2）though和although引导虚拟语气让步句。o3)让步从句的谓语动词用had+p.p或用shouldcould+have+pp表示事情发生在过去的假设，主句用陈述语气或用wouldshould+have+pp o Jonas would have suspected him,though he had been a very model of probity虽然他是诚实的典范，乔纳斯还是会怀疑他的。o Though he couldnt have said why，it made him feel uneasy虽然他说不出原因，这仍然使他感到不安。3）even if和even though引导虚拟语气让步句。o1)让步从句的谓语用were或用动词的过去时，表示与现在情况相 反的假设，主句的谓语动词用wouldshould+couldmight+动词原形 o Even though he were present，I wouldnt change my mind即使他出席，我也不改变主意。o I couldnt be angry with him even if I tried即使我想试试，我也不能对他发脾气。o2)让步从句的谓语用过去完成时，即had+pp表示与过去的情况相反的假设，主句的谓语用wouldshould+have+ppo Even if it had been a rainy day，I should have gone to see him即使那天是雨天，我也要去看他。o Even though she had been very busy,she would have helped us即使她当时很忙，她还是会帮助我们的。o 但是，如果even if引导的虚拟让步句，谓语含有should，were和had，可以省去连词even if，把should，were，had置于句首，即放在主语的前面。o Were the danger even greater，I should feel compelled to go即使危险再大，我也觉得非去不可。4）whetheror引导的虚拟让步句。o1)让步从句的谓语用动词原形，主句用陈述语气o Whether he succeed or fail,it will not matter to me无论他成功还是失败，都与我无关。o2)让步从句的谓语用过去时，主句用陈述语气o Whether she were right or wrong，what is it to me?他对还是错，对我有什么关系?oEverything around us,_ air,water or stone,is matter.oa.whether it beob.whether it will beoc.whether they are od.whether they be5）带ever的复合代词和连接副词引导虚拟语气让步句o带ever的复合代词和连接副词引导虚拟语气让步句，让步句的谓语用动词原形，主句用陈述语气。o Whatever be the reason，I shall be truly grateful无论什么理由，我将真诚地感激。o Whichever be the case，her sisters situation remained the same无论是哪种情况，她姐的处境都一样。