2022年高考英语完形填空专项训练.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语完形填空解题思路与训练一、高考英语完形填空命题与解题思路 完形填空题是高考英语卷中的重要题型,不仅侧重于考查同学的规律思维才能和对具 体语境把握才能,更是对同学整体语篇意义懂得的连贯性和运用语言的精确性考查；它属 于有肯定难度的障碍性阅读懂得题,是同学感到最难把握的题型之一；分析近几年高考题,完形填空所选短文的体裁多为记叙文、说明文和谈论文；写人或记事,兼有个别谈论的句子；趣味性强并兼有训练意义；一般为400 单词左右的一篇短文,其内容规律性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明；文章首句不设空,但交待相关的背景材料,可挖掘的信息点许多,对整篇文章的懂得起着至关重要的作用；近几年试题中尤为留意说明文和谈论文；说明文命题趋势：说明型完形填空选材难度一般低于试卷中的阅读懂得大题；在设空 与选项设计方面充分表达了语言学问运用题的要求：以实词为主（名、动、形、副）,绝大 多数小题都要从全文角度进行判定；这一命题思路表达了“ 语篇意识 ” ；谈论文命题趋势：谈论文是一种通过剖析事物,论述事理,提出主见,发表见解的文 体；谈论型完形填空分为两种,一种是夹叙夹议型完形填空；另一种是纯谈论型完形填空；第一种的基本模式是：表达大事,提出感悟,作出结论；其次种的基本模式是：提出论点,列举论据,提出看法；那么如何做好完形填空呢？解题思路一：通读全文,明白大意,先易后难；通常在答题之前 , 要花 12 分钟把文章略读一遍 ,以便对文章有个大致的明白；在详读 的过程中,可以边读边挑选一些简单的选项 , 对个别不懂得的单词、短语 ,可以先不管它们；, 全文的意思基本已把握 , 剩下的难题也就比较简单解决 等读完文章后 , 大部分的空格已填完 了；解题思路二：依据首句线索,紧扣主题挑选；首句通常是文章的主题句,通常不设空,便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大 概明白；它的目的是向考生供应时间、地点、人物、大事、论点等有用的信息；把握了主名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载题句 , 对于懂得全文和解题很有帮忙；例： On a hot summer day in last August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront cafon a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in _ air. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin 解析 : C； 故事发生在一个酷热的夏天 , 温度高 , 自然没风； still 在此处为形容词 , 意思是“ 静止的 , 不动的 ”, 即没风；解题思路三：瞻前顾后 , 谨慎挑选；有些挑选项依据上下句就能比较简单地做出正确判定, 有些就必需依据整篇文章的大意才能推出；通过上下文 , 查找隐含的各种信息和紧抓语境示意是解答完形填空题的主要手段和策略；例： The man stepped _1_ for the two chairs. He politely _2_ his lady in the knee - deep water and then sat down himself. 1. A. outside B. forward C. down D. back 2. A. led B. seated C. watched D. received 解析： 1. D ；依据上下文 , 不难看出 , 那两口子搬完桌子后 for sth. , 又回来搬椅子 , 即: step back 2. B； 本空后有宾语 his lady , 依据后半句“and then sat down himself答案应为 seated his lady 让他夫人就坐 ”；解题思路四：借助语法学问, 挑选正确的答案；例 1： When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 解析： D； 依据学过的语法学问 ,我们知道主句的谓语动词表示建议的意思时 , 宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气 ,即用 “ should + 动词原形 ”；题干句中 “ play ”的形式是关键信息；例 2：Finally Peter decided to go to the USA and ,as his father had told him ,_ to be a doctor. A. studies B. studying C. study D. studied 解析： C；分析句子结构可知,空白处与前面的动词go 为并列动词不定式,均作谓语名师归纳总结 decided 的宾语,应选C；此题如忽视分析句子结构,很简单误选D；此题的难点在于句中第 2 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载有一个插入性质的 as引导的从句,将两个不定式分隔开了；从而造成辨认其次个动词不定式的困难；解题思路五：利用生活常识,文化背景；例： One day, the girl _1_ into the plane, started it and soon left the _2_. 1. A. climbed B. looked C. reached D. fell 2. A. house B. floor C. water D. ground 解析： 1. A；2. D；依据生活常识,这女孩应是先爬进机舱,才能起动飞机,最终使飞机飞离地面；解题思路六：实行排除法；解答完形填空题的过程中,有时我们会遇到这样的情形：对某一题的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白,但发觉其他选项有显而易见的谬误；这时我们可以尝试排除法 , 剔除错误的选项；随着挑选范畴的缩小, 选中正确选项的机会就会增大；例： However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be _1_ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, _2_, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, _3_ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 3. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging 解析： A ；第 3 题的解题步骤为：第一从动宾搭配上看,C 选项（制造同学艺术品）可以排除,再从该句的上文看；上文说应当设计竞争性小的活动,所以答案应当是“ 展现同学 艺术作品 ”；解题思路七 : 找寻固定词组、常用句型或习惯用法；例 1： A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second , walked into the water to _ the table and B. wash C. remove D. check A. set 解析： A；set the table 在饭桌上摆好刀叉等餐具预备开饭；这是一种固定说法；例 2. With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle _ of flying into space and returning many times. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. capable B. suitable 学习必备欢迎下载D. fit C. efficient 解析： A ；be capable of 是习惯搭配,意为“能够 ” ；建议 ：1）留意词语的搭配：动词的搭配do 和 make 的搭配才能较强,要记牢、记熟；doa job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc. makea study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, ones way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc. 2）形容词与名词的搭配有的具有肯定的文化背景,同学要留意“貌合神离 ”的词语；如：lucky dog 幸运儿、 right hand 得力助手、 narrow escape 死里逃命、 dark horse 出人意料的获胜者3）有些形容词可以加一个形容词修饰,表示强调,使表达更加生动；如：pitch dark（乌黑的）、brand new （崭新的）、 crystal clear（水晶般的） 、 wide open（张得大大的） 、fast asleep（睡得很熟的） 、wide awake（完全醒着的） 、icy cold （冰冷的） , etc. 4）有些形容词可以和不同的介词搭配,同学应留意比较、归纳；如：sick for 希望、 tired from 因 而疲惫、 engaged in 忙于、 sick of 厌倦、 tired of 对 厌倦、 engaged to 与某人订婚；解题思路八 : 利用原词复现或同现 , 挑选正确选项；1在完形填空中, 某一词语通常重复显现, 使得语篇中的句子相互连接和连贯, 从而构成一个完整的意义整体；例 1: First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to _ six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 解析： D；同源词复现,由window-cleaner 可知为 clean the window ；2同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时显现在同一语篇中；一个语篇,一个话题,要求有与 之相连的词汇；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词显现在同一个语境的另一个名词；如：school-primary school middle school college university students pupilsgraduatespostgraduates 2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词显现在同一个语境的另一个动词；如：schoolteachlearnattendfound drop out graduate be dismissed 3形容词同现 ; 就某一语境而言所能显现的形容词也是有规律的；如：在学校这个语境中： （ key）school（ optional ）course （compulsory ）course 4 结构同现 : 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对显现的短语；如：some ,others; on one hand ,on the other hand; former ,latter; so that; not only balso; hardly/scarcely when ; no sooner than ; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way when ; t empty at all. 例 2: I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnIt had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 解析： A ；名词同现,从room, furniture, 等同现信息可知；例 3: We were _ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us togetherand said, A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure 解析： A ；结构同现, be about to do when ；解题思路九：顺应文意 , 定位选词；做题时 , 要充分利用上下文, 找到有提示作用的词；这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词 , 也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等；例 1: After you have learned to think of several words in English stepthinking in _. ,then move on to the next A. sentencesB. passagesC.1essonsD. classes 解析： A ；需留意上下文规律推理以及名词的含义；第一步是考虑单词,接下来应当是考虑句子；应选 A ；例 2: Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. deep B. high 学习必备欢迎下载D. dangerous C. cold 解析： A ；依据转折连词but 的提示,所填入的词应与shallow 相反,因此答案为A；例 3: Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened _1_. As was discussed before, it was not _2_ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic _3_. 1. A. between B. before C. since D. later 2. A. after B. by C. during D. until 3. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure 解析： 1. A. 2. D. 3. C ；我们留意到文章讲了两个时间：20 世纪和 15、 16 世纪,而 19世纪明显是处在两者之间,故第 1 题填 between；第 2 题是一语法结构题,固定结构：It was not until-that- ；第 3 题属于前面介绍的 "信息词 "题；上文中显现的：television, printing, newspaper 均说明该题应填 medium ；解题思路十：认真推敲 , 留意规律；做完完形填空题后 ,要依据所选答案快速地把文章完整地读一遍 , 看语法、惯用法对不对;看是否符合上下文的规律 ; 看是否符合故事情节的进展 ,以便更正可能的错误挑选；一个完整的语篇应当是符合规律的,文章规律关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用；作者利用转承语保证文章的规律,同学在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的懂得,找到适当的逻辑关系,然后挑选正确的过渡词；同学必把握常见的过渡词：1. 递进in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, whats more, whats worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still 2.比较in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对比in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while 4.因果because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result of, so, thus 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载5.强调 certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially,in particular, absolutely, 6.让步 although, though, after all, in spite of 7.举例 for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 时间和空间 afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the rightleft, in the middle, opposite, in front of 9. 总结 to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary 例 1: It has been many years since I was last in London _ I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 解析： C；依据句前的 many years 和句后的 still remember ,答案应选表示转折的连词 but；例 2: Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people _ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile 解析： A；从句意可知,尽管服用额外的维生素是没用的,但许多人仍是会服用；名师归纳总结 Nevertheless 的意思是 “ 尽管如此,然而”,符合句意；第 7 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载练习：1 A Welcome Gift Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 41 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 42 filled the room and made them feel very happy. The next morning, 43 , their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 44 under their door during the night. One of their neighbor had written to complain埋怨 about the sound of the piano. Darios mother asked the building superintendent 治理员 if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all 45 people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 46 and apologize for their playing. “Maybe we could go and 47 everyone in person.” his mother said.“What if we invited them to come here for a 48 instead. Dario asked. They both loved the 49 . Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts 50 their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers彩带 and party lights. Finally, the day of the party 51 . Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 52 . One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 53 Dario s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin. “I heard you playing the other night,” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. Iyou might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you dont think I dislikeplaying.”Dario s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we 55 you an apology.” she said. “I didn 56 how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -“You play, you play.” Mrs. Gilbert said. “I like what you play. Just not so loud at night.pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such“These songs are beautiful music.” Darios mother said. 58 to play them in the evening.”第 8 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - “And we won 学习必备欢迎下载t play so loud or late.”e was already looking forward to 59 the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mothers facegave him a feeling of 60 and made him feel that they were home at last. 41. A. sat B. stood C. lay D. walked 42. A. voice B. ring C. music D. cry 43. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. instead 44. A. note B. poster C. bill D.report 45. A. proud B. rich C. lucky D. nice 46. A. neighbors B. friends C. relatives D. audience 47. A. blame B. instruct C. question D. visit 48. A. party B. concert C. show D. play 49. A. experience B. idea C. Performance D. action 名师归纳总结 50. A. to B. with C. for D. from 第 9 页,共 25 页51. A. continued B. arrived C. passed D. finished 52. A. order B. sell C. share D. advertise 53. A. treated B. presented C. helped D. served 54. A. promised B. admitted C. agreed D. worried 55. A. give B. send C. offer D. owe 56. A. realize B. remember C. understand D. accept 57. A. sweet B. strange C. funny D. loud 58. A. brave B. sorry C. happy D. afraid 59. A. changing B. practicing C. recording D. writing 60. A. equality B. freedom C. warmth D. sympathy - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2 Holly felt confused as she unwrapped the gift from her best friend, Susan. It was a twelve-by-eighteen-inch dark blue carpet. The murmured “thanks ” 41 heard as Holly tried hard not to allow her 42 to show. Then the two girls headed outside to play. The next morning, I carried a full kitchen bag outside. My heart 43 as I lifted the lid of the rubbish can and saw Susans carpet lying on the bottom. Hesitating only a moment, I 44 in and picked it up, and then put it 45 in a closet. As there were a lot of things in our daily life , the carpet was soon 46 . Before Holly s birthday, Susan had been an 47 visitor in our home. But one day I suddenly realized it was nearly three weeks 48 wed heard Susans name last time. The singing in the yard told me Holly had arrived home from school. “Susan invited me to her house after school tomorrow.” she 49 . Although her voice carried a so-what attitude, I 50 she was pleased by the invitation. A woman stood in the doorway to greet us as we 51 the small farmhouse. “Excuse the mess. ” she apologized. Susan 52 showed us her room, which was neatly decorated with little used 53 . As the girls compared notes about the school day, I followed Susan 养s foster mom 母, Glenda , into the kitchen. 54 some cups of coffee, I came to respect this poor but generous-hear