八年级上册英语知识点归纳.pdf

八年级上册英语知识点归纳第一单元：Friends 一【重点短语】1 something to drink 一些喝的东西2 have some more food再吃点儿食物3 one of my best friends 我最好的朋友之一4 be willing to share things with her friends 愿意和她的朋友分享东西5 help me with my homework 帮助我做家庭作业6 give her seat on the bus to someone in need 在公共汽车上把她的座位让给有需要的人7 grow up 长大，成长8 make sb.look smart是某人看上去聪明9 have a good sense of humour有很强的幽默感10 tell funny jokes 讲有趣的笑话11 walk past our desks经过我们的课桌12 knock,onto,把,撞到,上13 say a bad word about sb.讲某人的坏话14 keep a secret保守秘密15 travel around the world 环游世界16 both my neighbour and my best friend 17 feel bored or unhappy感到无聊或不快乐二【重点句型】1 There?s nothing in the fridge.冰箱里没有东西2 He tells funny jokes and always makes me laugh.他讲滑稽的笑话而且总是使我大笑。3 When he walks past our desks,he often knocks our books and pens onto thefloor.当他经过我们的课桌时，常把我们的书和钢笔撞到地上。4 When something worries me,I can always go to her.当某事使我担心时，我总是去找她。5 I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret我.能告诉她任何事情，意为她能保守秘密。6 My book is more interesting than his.我的书比他的有趣。7 I would like to be a social worker when I grow up.当我长大的时候，我想成为一名社会工作者。8 She always has a smile on herface and looks happy.她脸上总是带有微笑而且看上午很高兴。三【重点语法】形容词比较级和最高级规则变化：多数单音节形容词=词尾加er 或 est 以 e 结尾的单音节形容词-词尾加r 或 st 以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词-双写这个辅音字母，再加er 或 est 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词-变 y 为 i，再加 er或 est 两个或两个以上音节的形容词-more/most+形容词原级 不规则变化：good/well-better-best,bad/badly-worse-worst,many/much-more-most,little-less-least,far-farther/further-farthest/futhest 形容词原级，比较级和最高的用法：1 当两者进行比较时，通常用形容词的比较级形式，其后用than 引出比较的对象。形容词比较级前常用much，a lot，even 等修饰。比较级+and+比较级 表示越来越,;,the+比较级，the+比较级?表示越,，越,。2 当三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，表示最的意思时，用形容词最高级形式，且最高级前面必须要有定冠词the，在使用形容词最高级时，后面通常接 of./in,，表示比较的范围。当比较的范围与主语是同一类人或物，或属于同一概念是，要用介词of 引导的短语；当比较的范围与主语不是同一类人或物，强调在某一范围或场所内进行比较时，要用介词in 引导的短语。第二单元：School life 一【重点短语】1 fewer advertisements广告少些2 a mixed school 一所混合学校3 a Reading Week一个读书周4 bring in books and magazines带来书和杂志5 near the end o,f在,快要结束时6 offer me help 给我提供帮助7 read an article by a boy from the USA读了一个美国男孩的文章8 spend time on/doing sth.花时间做某事9 have fewer weeks off 有更少星期的休假10 at most 最多11 look through 浏览，快速查看12 at first 起初，首先13 keep(on)doing sth.继续，重复做某事14 have lots of time for after-school activities 有许多时间进行课外活动15 at lunchtime 在午餐时间16 go on a school trip 参加学校旅行二【重点句型】1 It?s like watching TV,but there are fewer advertisements.就像看电视一样，但有更少的广告。2 Learning foreign languages is fun.学习外语是有趣的。3 Near the end of the week,we discuss the books with our classmatesin class.在这一周快要结束的时候，我们在课堂上与同班同学一起讨论这些书。4 Times seems togo faster when we are readinginteresting books.当我们在读一些有趣的书的时候，时间好像过的很快。5 He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help.他经常认真地听我的问题，并给我提供帮助。6 I read an article by a boy from the USA.我阅读了来自一位美国男孩的文章。7 Millie has the least juice.米莉的果汁最少。8 I also keep writing in English about my daily life.关于我的日常生活，我也一直用英文书写。9 Millie has more tomatoes than Daniel.比起丹尼尔，米莉有更多的西红柿。三【重点语法】1用形容词的比较级计较两件事物：More,than 可修饰可数名词复数形式，也可修饰不可数名词；Fewer,than 修饰可数名词复数形式；Less,than 修饰不可数名词2 用形容词的最高级比较三件或三件以上的事物的数量The most 可修饰可数名词复数形式，也可修饰不可数名词The fewest 修饰可数名词复数形式The least 修饰不可数名词3 副 词的比 较 级和 最 高 级不规则变化：well-better-best；badly-worse-worst;far-farther/further-ferthest/furthest 第三单元：A day out 一【重点短语】1 need to exercise需要锻炼2 keep fit 保持健康3 come on 来吧，赶快4 enjoy oneself 玩的愉快5 take a boat trip 坐船旅行6 have a great time玩得愉快7 invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事8 a lot of traffic 交通繁忙9 arrive in/at 到达10 get off 下车11 in front of sb 在某人前面 .12 all over the world 全球13 be made of?由,制成14 not believe one?s eyes不相信某人自己的眼睛15 home page主页16 keep sth.to oneself保守,17 take place发生18 take the underground乘地铁二【重点句型】1 Soon the whole world was there in front of us!不久整个世界出现在我的面前！2 There are m odels of more than a hundred places ofinterest from all over the world.来自世界各地的100 多个名胜古迹的模型。3 Mr.Wu is as happy as the two girls.吴先生与两个女孩一样高兴。4 Simon is trying to pull himself up the rocks.西蒙正努力往岩石上爬。5 Don?t forget to bring your friends!不要忘记带你（们）的朋 友！6 With your support,we will win!拥有你们的支持，我们会赢！7 My ticket is useless now,but?I ll keep it!我的票现在没用了，但我会保留着它！8 We are planning a day out on Saturda,y 16 October.我们计划在十月十六日，星期六外出一天。9 We hope you can join us.我们希望你们能加入我们。三【重点语法】1 表示两者在某一方面相同时用as+形容词原级+as 的句型。表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时用 not as/so+形容词原级+as 的句型。2 当宾语和主语指向同一人或同一些人时运用反身代词反身代词的基本形式：人称单数复数第一人称myself ourselves 第二人称yourself yourselves 第三人称himself,herself,itself themselves 第四单元：Do it yourself 一【重点短语】1 had better 最好2 stand for 代表；象征3 instead of 而不是，代替4 make some paper roses制作纸玫瑰5 a pair of scissors一把剪刀 6 be crazy about对,着迷7 put in 安装8 make a mistake犯错误9 fill,with,用,填装10 paint it blue 把它涂成蓝色11 not only,but(also)不仅,而且,12 cut,into 把,切成13 for example 例如14 next door 在隔壁15 tidy up 整理好16 keep it secret保密17 keep doing sth.反复做某事18 in the end 最后 二【重点句型】1 Here are clear instruction.这儿有清楚的指示、2 You?d better get some tools.你最好拿一些工具3 When you do DIY,you make,repair of decorate things yourself instead of paying someoneto do it.当你自己动手做 的时候，你自己做，修理或装饰东西，而不是付钱给别人做。4 Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor.现在起居室不仅是蓝色，连天花板和地板也是蓝色。5 They couldn?t stay there becauseone end of the shelf was much higher than the other!它们不能呆在那儿，因为架子的一端比另一端高！6 Don?t paint the cat.不要给猫涂色7 Cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces.把一些较大的水果切成小块状。8 Let?s make some sandwiches.让我们制作一些三明治9 I?m certain that I can fix it myself.我相信我自己能修理。10 We had fun working together.我们在一起工作很愉快。三【重点语法】1 祈使句祈使句省略主语you，句首的动词用动词原型。否定祈使句在句首加don?t。2 should 和 had better should 表示应当，应该 后接动词原形had better意为最好，应该 后接动词原型，否定形式：had better not do sth.第五单元：Wild animals 一【重点短语】1 in the wild 在野外2 have/take pity on 同情，怜悯3 in fact 事实上4 look so cute 看起来如此可爱5 be born 出生，出世6 look like 看起来像7 at four months old 在 4 个月的时候8 not,any more 不再,9 in the beginning 一开始 10 look after 照顾照看11 as a result因此12 in danger 处于危险中13 take action 采取行动14 right away 马上，立刻15 build more panda reserves建立更多的熊猫保护区16 make laws to protect pandas颁布法律保护熊猫17 at birth 出生时诞生时二【重点句型】1 I may die without them.没有它们我会死的。2 They?re the kings of the animal world.它们是动物世界之王。3 When Xi Wang was born,she weighed just 100 grams.当希望出生的时候，它只有 100 克重。4 When she was six months old,she began to eat bamboo当.她六个月的时候，她开始吃竹子。5 When she was 20 months old,she learnt to look after herself当.她 20个月的时候，她学会自己照顾自己。6 Sadly,giant pandas face serious problems in the wild.可悲的是，大熊猫在野外面临严峻的问题。7 As a result,pandas may not have a place to live or food to ea结t.果，熊猫可能没有地方居住或没有吃的事物。8 We should take action right awa.y 我们应当立即采取行动。三【重点语法】1 情态动词may May 表示可能性，意为 也许，可能 常用作肯定句中。2 动词不定式做宾语当句中已经有谓语动词，而我们又要表达不止一个动作概念时，其余的动词可以使用非谓语形式来表达。动词不定式就是动词的一种非谓语形式，其基本形式是to+动词原形。动词不定式在句中常作谓语动词的宾语，这一类的谓语动词常见的有：agree,choose,decide,forget,hope,learn,like,plan,refuse,remember,seem,want,wish,would like 第六单元：Birdwatching 一【重点短语】1 at the market 在市场上2 provide sth.(for sb.)（为某人）提供某物3 all year round 一年到头4 in order to 以便，为的是5 lead to 导致6 less and less越来越少7 keep finishing 一直钓鱼8 as a result结果9 the members of,的成员10 changes in their numbers数目方面的变化11 invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事12 understand the importance of the wetlands理解湿地的重要性13 take sth.with sb.某人随身携带某物14 make sb.do.Sth.迫使某人做某事15 a pair of binoculars 一副望远镜16 what else 还有什么17 write down 写下，记下18 call sb.on,按照,给某人大电话二【重点句型】1 It is one of the world?s most important wetlands.它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。2 The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife.这个地区为许多野生动物提供了实物和庇护所。3 Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings.一些人想使湿地变得更小的目的是为农场和建筑物留出更多的空间。4 Ever year,a lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch the birds.每年，许多游客来扎龙观鸟。5 We need m ore people to count and describe the birds.我们需要更多的人来计算鸟和描述鸟类。6 We hope this will help people understand the importance of the wetlands我.们希望这能帮助人们理解湿地的重要性。7 Usually it takes hours to watch the birds.Yo umay get thirsty.通常，观鸟要花费 数小时。你可能会渴的。8 I am very interested in learning about different kinds of plants,birds and animals.我对研究不同种类的植物，鸟类和动物是非常的。三【重点语法】1 动词不定式表示目的不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义可in order 2动语+动词不定式许多动词后可跟语+todosth，但有些动词（感官动词后可to的不定式构成句子，动词help后的不定to，也to 第七单元：S easons 一【重点短语】1 look cool 看起来很酷2 the rest time to do sth.做某事的最好时间3 in summer 在夏天4 go swimming 去游泳5 be full of 充满,6 forget to grow 忘记了生 长7 fly far away 飞往远方8 play among flowers 在花丛中玩9 turn brown 变黄10 rhyme with 与,押韵11 on a hot summer afternoon在一个炎热的夏天下午12 drop below?下降到,以下13 the lowest temperature最低温度14 stay above zero在零度以上15 a bit 有一点 二【重点句型】1 I bet you?ll look cool and feel cool with nothing on!我赌你什么都不穿看起来会很酷并感觉很凉爽。2 It?s the best time to play footfall outside.它是户外踢足球的最佳时机。3 The days of spring are windy and bright.春天是风和日丽的时节。4 What a perfect time to fly a kite!是放风筝的绝佳时机！5 How do people feel on a hot summer afternoon?在炎热的夏天下午，人们感觉如何呢？6 This is Aunt Jane speaking.我是简阿姨。7 The temperature is usually below zero and it is often snowy.这里的气温通常在零度以下，并且经常有大雪。8 It is exciting to have big snowball fights.打一场雪仗是很令人兴奋 的。三【重点语法】动词及五种基本句型句子的基本组成部分为：主语（S），动词（V）和宾语（O）。动词可分为行为动词（也动词）和系动词，在句中可用作谓语。根据这两类动词用作谓语时特 点，可以将英语句子概括为五种基本句型。连系动词：主要是指be动词，感官动词（look，sound，feel，smell，taste）和表示 变，变成的动词become，get，grow，turn）行为动词：有实在，可在句中独立作谓语，表示动作或状态。行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。五种基本句型：1 主语+谓语（S+V）2 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）3 主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）4 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）5 主语+及物动词+直接宾语+宾语补足 语（S+V+DO+OC）第八单元：Natural disasters 一【重点短语】1 wake up 醒来2 crash into 撞上,3 fall from 从,上跌落下来4 mop up 把,拖干净5 wash away 冲走6 catch fire 着火7 feel a slight shake感到轻微震动8 run out of 从,中跑出9 in all directions 四面八方10 come down 坍塌11 not,at all 一点也不12 a moment of fear 片刻的恐惧13 calm down 冷静下来14 shout for help 呼救15 move away 移开16 find one?s way out 找到出路17 at last 最后，终于18 break down 出故障，坏掉19 because of因为，由于20 as?as possible尽可能二【重点句型】1 Who will mop up the water if I go home without you?如果你不跟我回家，谁将拖干水呢？2 There was a heavy storm with thunder and lighting.有一场暴风雨，电闪雷 鸣。3 Lighting hit a classroom building and it caught fire.闪电击中了一栋教 学楼，并引发了火灾。4 I was sleeping when the earthquake started地.震发生时我正在睡 觉。5 Outside,people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were failing down.外面，人们四处奔跑，成片的玻璃与砖头纷纷落下。6 A moment of fear went through my mind,but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.我的脑海里闪过片刻的恐惧，但我告诉自己要冷静，因为自己还活着。7 Luckily,there was just enough space for me to move.幸运的是，有足够的空间来容我移动。8,I was trying to find my way out,I suddenly heard some noise above me.当我正 在尽力寻找出路时，我突然听到楼上有嘈杂声。三【重点语法】1 过去进行时的结构及用法过去进行时态表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作行为。过去进行时与一般过去时一样，也常和表示过去的时间状语连用。肯定结构：主语+was/were+doing+其他 否定结构：主语+was/were+not+doing+其他一般疑问句结构：Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？答语：Ye s，主语+was/were,/No,主语+wasn?t/weren?t.特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其他？2 过去进行时中when，while 和 as的用法当两个比较长的动作发生时，我们可以在两个从句中用过去进行时，以while 连接。当一个比较长的动作正在进行时，有其他动作同事发生，我们可用when ，while 或as 将两个动作连接起来。When 可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，而while 只能和延续性动词连用。When 从句的动作可以在主句动作之前，之后和同时发生While 从句的动作必须是和主句同时发生，此时也可用when/as。当两个延续性动词同事发生时，两个句子都使用过去进行时，并用while 连接。