中考英语冲刺复习：完形填空技巧(知识讲解、巩固练习).pdf

中考英语冲刺复习：完形填空技巧【用法讲解】考试要求完形填空主要考查学生综合运用语言的能力，要求学生从语篇层次上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，综合运用所学习的语言知识。完形填空主要考查对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力；对于词汇的意义和用法的理解和运用能力；根据生活常识进行推理和判断能力；对于习惯用语和短语的固定搭配掌握能力。1.完形填空的命题方式：完形填空一般是 200 多个单词的短文，有目的地删除一些单词，留下空白让学生去还原。多数试题设计 1015个空，但是短文的第一个句子一般不设计空白。大部分试题是提供四个选项让学生选择能够填入空白处的最佳答案。也有部分试题是不提供选项，留下空白让学生去填所缺的单词。第三种试题是把删除的单词打乱顺序放在方框内让学生选择。2.完形填空的题型：完形填空题所提供的短文大部分是记叙文，也有说明文和议论文。短文的题材广泛，可能包括幽默故事、英国文化知识、环境保护和学生校园生活等。完形填空考查的重点主要集中在下面这些方面：（1）词汇题，可能是近义词的用法辨析或者是动词、名词、形容词、副词等词义和用法等，学生通过对上下文内容可以较容易地找出答案。（2）常见固定搭配和习惯用法题，一般涉及到动词短语、介词短语等的搭配和用法。（3）逻辑分析题，必须在掌握全文的主旨大意的前提下，通过对故事的线索、短文各段的逻辑关系、短文内容之间的逻辑关系及人物情感的发展等的分析和理解，选出答案。中考完形填空综合了语法知识、阅读理解和逻辑推理等方面的知识点，更加注重语言知识的应用性，突出了对运用语言的能力的考查。3.做完形填空测试题应遵循的三个步骤：(1)通读全文，了解大意这是做好完形填空题的前提，也是减少做完形填空题盲目性的重要步骤，对于命题中的逻辑推理、上下文及情景语境方面的内容起着决定性作用。每篇文章都有一个主题思想，段与段之间有承上启下、前呼后应的句子，段与段、句与句之间紧密相连从而形成一个有机整体。因此在做完形填空的时候一定要一气呵成去读短文，不要中断思路，对于一些不能理解的细节，如生词可以跳过去。另外，在阅读的时候要特别注意短文的开头句子和结尾的句子，因为这些句子一般不设计空白，给学生提供必要的背景信息和结果结论。(2)仔细推敲，初定答案在通读全文，了解大意的基础上开始答题。答题时要根据短文的内容和要求，结合短文的主题思想，对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。要弄清空缺词句的确切含义，并对每一个空白的四个选项进行认真分析，反复推敲。空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，还要综合运用学过的知识，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化及逻辑推理和生活常识等角度考虑，有把握的答案一锤定音，把握性不大的可以先初定答案，做好符号，以便于下一步检查和推敲。(3)再次通读全文，锁定最佳答案在完成前两个步骤的基础上，再检查是确信自己所选择的答案准确性的一次检阅。实际上是对短文和答案的又一次快速浏览。本次阅读的目的是调整、修改和完善自己做题的过程。因为在原来紧张的答题过程中，会有一些我们无法确定或者粗心造成的错误，在这次重新阅读中被发现、被修改。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。最后一次阅读全文也是检查所选择的答案是否能够保证短文的意思完整、语义合理、语法正确的关键步骤。注意：验证答案、修正错误时着重注意：1)文章是否顺畅；2)所填单词是否是最佳选项；3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。实例说明：通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Imagine this:your parents go away on business,but you have to stay at home alone.Would life be as easy as usual?Would it be a perfect holiday for you?Zheng Chenyu says that she would worry“Where would I find food?1 would I cook it?”The 14-year-old girl says that she knows 2 about cooking.“I can fill an empty stomach with tomato and egg soup,but thats all.I think many of my classmates are the same.We wouldnt know what to do,or how to 3 ourselves,”said Zheng.“And I would 4 something important.I would probably watch television and then burn the soup.”Although Zheng believes that basic life skills,such as cooking and washing clothes,are especially important,she doesnt think teenagers get enough practice.“As soon as I leave home,Ill learn to cook.But now 5 do almost everything for us.Were very 6,”she said.Most teenagers only have time for their homework.They dont learn any life skills until they go to college.7,Sima Yige doesn t think so.“I think I would be all right.I wouldnt just eat sandwiches 8 fruit.I know how to cook some simple dishes because my mum showed me,”the 13-year-old boy said.“In his 9,many teenagers depend too much on their parents,and there is much more to learn than cooking,like tidying up your room or even dressing 10 properly.”For most teenagers,it wouldnt be a holiday at all.1.A.How B.What C.Which 2.A.many B.much C.little 3.A.look at B.look after C.look for 4.A.remember B.forget C.know 5.A.teachers B.parents C.teenagers 6.A.lazy B.crazy C.clever 7.A.HoweverB.Whatever C.Whenever 8.A.so B.or C.yet 9.A.way B.life C.opinion 10.A.you B.your C.yourself【答案与解析】1A。本题考查特殊疑问词。句意为：我怎样做饭呢？how 表示“如何，怎样”，故选 A。2C。本题考查代词的用法。many表示“很多”，指代可数名词；much 表示“很多”，指代不可数名词；little 表示“很少”，指代不可数名词。根据上文的描述可知，此处表示“她对做饭知道的很少”，故选 C。3 B。本题考查动词短语辨析。look at 的意思是“看”；look after 的意思是“照顾”；look for 的意思是“寻找”。句意为：我们不知道做什么，或者怎么样照顾自己。故选B。4B。本题考查动词辨析。remember的意思是“记住”；forget 的意思是“忘记”；know 的意思是“知道”。根据下文的“我可能会看电视，然后把汤烧糊”可知，此处表示“我会忘记某些重要的事情”，故选 B。5B。本题考查名词辨析。teacher的意思是“老师”；parent的意思是“父母”；teenager的意思是“青少年”。根据上文的“在家中做饭的问题”可知，此处表示“父母几乎为我们做任何一件事情”，故选 B。6A。本题考查形容词辨析。lazy 的意思是“懒惰的”；crazy 的意思是“疯狂的”；clever 的意思是“聪明的”。根据上文的“父母几乎为我们做任何事情”可知，此处表示“我们很懒惰”，故选 A。7A。本题考查副词辨析。however的意思是“然而”，表示转折；whatever的意思是“无论什么”；whenever的意思是“无论什么时候”。根据“Sima doesnt think so”可知，此处表示“转折”关系，故选 A。8B。本题考查连词的用法。so表示因果关系；or 表示选择关系；yet 表示转折关系。句意为：我不仅仅吃三明治和水果。故选B。9C。本题考查名词辨析。way 的意思是“方式，方法”；life 的意思是“生活”；opinion 的意思是“观点”。In one s opinion的意思是“在某人看来”，此处表示“在他看来”，故选 C。10C。本题考查代词的用法。dress oneself的意思是“打扮自己”。根据上文“打扫房间”可知，此处表示“适当打扮自己”，故选 C。4.完形填空解题技巧：(1）总体把握通读完形填空的短文时，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。选择答案时要从全文主旨大意和短文情景出发，不能只根据某一句子来选择，因为有时如果不考虑上下文时，四个选项有时都可以填入空中。例如上面“实例说明”中：The 14-year-old girl says that she knows 2 about cooking.A.many B.much C.little 只有根据上文叙述，才知道这个女孩对于做饭了解很少，正确答案是C。如果没有上文推断，只从备选项看，B 和 C 在语法上都可以说的通。(2）弄清体裁文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。不同的体裁可能使用不同的语气和说法，也就需要选用不同的选项了。(3）重视主题句完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以主题句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。(4）语境联想利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。联想并推测故事所发生的情景和人物在那种情景下的心态和感觉，这样才能更好的把握全局，选对答案，从而避免理解错误而大量出错。(5）择优法和排除法择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。(6）语言知识的判定词语搭配:从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。所以要注意词语和前后词汇的搭配。如：see a film，go to school 1)固定的复合词和动词短语。如：push ahead with(奋力前行)。2)常见的句式，如：It s+形容词+不定式。【注意】区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for,look over,look out,look after,look up 等。区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary.The book cost me a lot.I spent 10 yuan on the box.三个句子中都有“付出、花费”之意的短语，译成汉语时似乎相通，搭配却有变化。单个词组的多义性。如：take off 有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，取下，休假等多种含意。（7）语法要求1)注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：名词：应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其单复数的一致。动词：要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。介词：应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。代词：注意人称、数、格等是否准确。连词：注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。形容词和副词：注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。2)要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装，避免引起对文章的曲解。【例题精讲】完形填空 1：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。There is an old English saying,Laughter is the best medicine.One person certainly would have agreed with this is Norman Cousins.Norman Cousins was the editor of a magazine called Saturday Review for almost forty years.He also(1)and spoke about world peace and anti-war issues(反战议题),traveling to many different countries to share his(2).In the 1960s,after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Europe.Mr.Cousins got(3).He discovered he had a strange disease that caused great pain in his bones(骨头).In less than a week after he got back,he could not(4)it.Every move that he made was painful.He was not able to(5)at night.The doctor told Mr.Cousins that they did not know how to cure(治疗)his problem and he might never(6)the illness.Mr.Cousins,however,refused to give up hope.Mr.Cousins thought that the illness could be caused by(7)thoughts.He did not want to take(8)to cure himself.Instead,he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness.He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching comedy shows on television.Mr.Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of(9)laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.Deciding that the(10)could not help him,Mr.Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could(11)his experiments with laughter.For eight days,Mr.Cousins(12)in the hotel room watching comedy shows on television,reading amusing books,and sleeping whenever he felt(13).Within three weeks,he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for(14).After a few months,Mr.Cousins was(15)to carry on his work.He had laughed himself back to health.1.A.laughed B.taught C.wrote D.copied 2.A.magazines B.subjects C.photos D.ideas 3.A.rich B.sick C.lonely D.famous 4.A.stand B.realize C.face D.improve 5.A.dream B.eat C.shout D.sleep 6.A.go through B.look after C.get over D.find out 7.A.unhappy B.pleasant C.silly D.clever 8.A.food B.time C.medicine D.money 9.A.unusual B.false C.real D.wild 10.A.friends B.laughter C.experiment D.doctors 11.A.begin B.end C.continue D.report 12.A.rested B.worked C.studied D.played 13.A.well B.tired C.afraid D.worried 14.A.help B.exercise C.freedom D.fun 15.A.able B.safe C.lazy D.uncertain 完形填空 2：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。A teacher was giving a talk to his students on stress(压力)management He raised a glass of water and asked them,“How 1 do you think this glass of water is?”The students began to think and 2 Their answers are different,from 20g to 500g.“It does not matter on the real 3 It depends on how long you hold it If I hold it for a 4 it is OK If I hold it for an hour,I will have an ache in my right armIf I hold it for a day,you will have to call a 5 It is the exact same weight,but the longer I hold it,the heavier it becomes What we have to do is to put the glass down,6 for a while before holding it up again.”“If we carry our burdens(负担)7,sooner or later,we will not be able to carry onThe burden will become increasingly heavier We have to 8 the burden every now and then,so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on.”So 9 you return home from work tonight,put the burden of work down Dont carry it back homeYou can pick it up tomorrow.Whatever burdens you have,let them down for a moment if you can And learn to 10 ourselves.Life is short but amazingEnjoy it!1.Aheavy Bfull Cmuch Dlong 2Aread Bwatch Cguess Dlisten 3Aglass Bweight Cwater Dheight 4Aminute Bnight Cday Dweek 5Amother Bteacher Cdoctor Dfriend 6Arest Bshake Clook Dwork 7Athis time Bsome other time Cnext time Dall the time 8Agive up Bput down Cpick up Dthink about 9Aafter Bsince Cbefore Duntil 10Asave Bhelp Ccare Drelax【答案与解析】完形填空 1：1.C。句意：Norman Cousins在一个杂志作编辑作了40 年，他也写关于世界和平及反战的议题。根据他的职业和后文spoke可知答案，故选 C。2.D。根据前文中 Mr.Cousins 的职业是 editor 可知他去不同的国家分享自己的想法可知选 D。A.magazines杂志；B.subjects科目；C.photos照片；D.ideas想法。3.B。句意：在上世纪 60 年代，当他从一次去欧洲的繁忙旅行回来之后，Cousins先生病了。根据后文中 strange disease 可知选 B。4.A。A.stand 忍受；B.realize 意识到；C.face面对；D.improve 提高。根据后文对病情的描述可知他受不了疾病的痛苦，故选A。5.D。A.dream 梦想，做梦；B.eat吃；C.shout 喊叫；D.sleep睡觉。后文中得知是夜晚无法入眠，故选D。6.C。A.go through 经历，经受；B.look after 照顾；C.get over恢复健康；D.find out 发现，查明。从前文 they did not know how to cure his problem句意：医生告诉Cousins先生他们不知道怎样治愈这种疾病，他可能不会恢复了。get over康复，故选 C。7.A。A.unhappy 不开心的，不快乐的；B.pleasant令人愉快的；C.silly 愚蠢的；D.clever 聪明的。根据常识，导致疾病的肯定是不快乐的想法和思绪，故选A。8.C。A.food 食物；B.time 时间；C.medicine药；D.money 钱。能治疗疾病的肯定只有药物，而非食物、时间或金钱，故选C。9.C。A.unusual不寻常的；B.false错的；C.real 真正的；D.wild 野的。从前文中看完漫画和动画片得知发自内心的笑可以治疗疾病，故选C。10.D。A.friends 朋友们；B.laughter笑；C.experiment试验；D.doctors医生。后文说 Mr.Cousins离开医院故此处肯定是他觉得医生帮不了他，故选D。11.C。A.begin 开始；B.end结束；C.continue 继续；D.report 报告。从前文可知他待在酒店就是为了继续试验笑容治疗疾病的方法，故选C。12.A。A.rested休息；B.worked 工作；C.studied学习；D.played 玩。从前文可知他待在酒店是为了休息，故选A。13.B。句意：八天来，Cousins先生在这个旅馆的房间里休息，观看电视上的喜剧节目、读有趣的书，当他累的时候就睡觉。A.well 好的，身体好的；B.tired 累的；C.afraid 害怕的；D.worried 担心的。故选 B。14.B。句意：三周内，他就感到身体已经足够的好，可以去波多黎各去度假。A.help 帮助；B.exercise锻炼；C.freedom自由；D.fun 有趣的，娱乐。Mr.Cousins经过治疗，已经可以在海滩跑步锻炼了，故选B。15.A。A.able 能；B.safe 安全的；C.lazy 懒的；D.uncertain不能确定的。几个月以后，Cousins能够继续工作了。be able to能够，选 A。完形填空 2：1.A。heavy意为“重的”；full 意为“满的”；much 意为“多的”；long 意为“长的”。由下文“from 20g to 500g”。可知，此处询问的是这杯水有多重，故选A。2.C。read意为“读”；watch 意为“观看”；guess意为“猜测”；listen 意为“听”。由下文“Their answers are different”可知，学生并不知道水的重量，他们只是在猜测，故选 C。3.B。glass意为“玻璃杯”；weight 意为“重量”；water意为“水”；height意为“高度”。由下文“It depends on how long you hold it.”可知，这杯水到底有多重并不重要，故选 B。4.A。minute 意为“分钟”；night 意为“晚上”；day意为“白天”；week 意为“星期”。由下文“If I hold it for an hour.If I hold it for a day”可知，此处指如果将这杯水举一分钟，没有问题，故选A。5.C。mother意为“母亲”；teacher意为“老师”；doctor意为“医生”；friend 意为“朋友”。由上文和常识可知，如果将一杯水举一天，就需要叫医生了。故选C。6.A。rest 意为“休息”；shake意为“摇动”；look 意为“看”；work 意为“工作”。句意为：我们必须要做的是放下杯子，休息一会儿后再把它举起来，故选A。7.D。句意为：如果我们一直承受负担，我们迟早会扛不住的。all the time 意为“总是，一直”，符合文意，故选D。8.B。give up 意为“放弃”；put down 意为“放下”；pick up 意为“捡起”；think about意为“思考”。由上文“What we have to do is to put the glass down”可知，负担越来越重时，我们必须偶尔卸下负担，故选B。9.C。由下文“Dont carry it back home.”可知，在今晚下班回家之前，放下工作上的负担。before意为“在之前”，符合文意，故选C。10.D。save意为“节省”；help 意为“帮助”；care意为“照看”；relax 意为“放松”。由下文“Life is short but amazing Enjoy it!”可知，生活很美好，但也很短暂，我们应学会放下负担，学会放松自己，故选D。【巩固练习】I.真题演练。通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出一个最佳选项。At a day care centre in Texas,Jessica McClure was playing outside.Jessicas mother,1 worked at the day care centre,was watching her.Suddenly Jessica 2 and disappeared.Jessicas mother cried and ran to her.The well in the yard was only eight inches across,and a rock always 3 it.But children had moved the rock.4 Jessica fell,she fell right into the well.Jessica s mother ran to a phone and called 911 for 5.Men from the fire department arrived.They 6 that Jessica was about 20 feet down in the well.Then they told Jessicas parents their 7.“We cant go down into the well”they said,“It s so small.”So we are going to dig a hole 8 well.We ll dig down about 20 feet.Then well dig a tunnel(通道)across to Jessica.When we reach her,well bring her through the tunnel.Then well bring her up through our 9.”The men began to dig the hole on a Wednesday morning.Two days later,on Friday morning,they were 10 digging.And Jessica McClure was still in the well.All over the world people waited for news of Jessica.They read about her in newspapers and watched her rescue(营救）on TV.Everyone 11 the little girl in the well.At 8:00 p.m.On Friday,the men 12 reached Jessica and brought her up from the well.Then doctors rushed her to the hospital.Jessica was badly injured but she was still 13.A doctor at the hosp ital said,“Jessica is lucky she is very 14.Shes not going to remember this very well.”Maybe Jessica will not remember her days in the well.But her parents,her rescuers,and many other people around the world will not forget 15.After Jessicas rescue,one of the rescuers made a metal cover for the well.On the cover he wrote,“To Jessica,with love from all of us.”1.A.she B.who C.whom D.which 2.A.fell B.slept C.stooped D.rose 3.A.broke B.hid C.covered D.opened 4.A.Because B.Although C.If D.When 5.A.advice B.money C.help D.information 6.A.promised B.discovered C.hoped D.agreed 7.A.dream B.study C.lesson D.plan 8.A.next to B.along with C.far from D.out of 9.A.well B.tunnel C.hole D.yard 10.A.still B.already C.always D.almost 11.A.looked after B.worried about C.made friends with D.stayed away from 12.A.immediately B.usually C.quickly D.finally 13.A.alone B.asleep C.alive D.afraid 14.A.young B.popular C.clever D.pretty 15.A.it B.them C.him D.us 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。Home Alone is a very funny 1990 American filmIt tells a story about a boy who is accidentally left alone at home One night 1 Christmas，the McAlister family meet at their homeTheyre planning to 2 to Paris for the coming holiday and are busy getting ready 8-year-old Kevin is the youngest child and is fighting with his brothers，sisters and his cousins When he goes to bed，he is so mad that he wishes all his family would 3 In the morning，everyone wakes up very 4 They are all in a hurry to get to the airport，so they forget Kevin and he is left alone at home by accident Although Kevin is alone，he is very happy at first His terrible family has gonehis 5 has come true He watches TV，eats lots of fast food and plays games He has a good timeBut later on，he goes out and hears two 6 men called Harry and Mary planning to steal from his house He goes home and plans some very funny ways to 7 themMany things in the house get broken as Kevin tries to stop them Finally，the 8 come and the men are taken awayThe house