新通用大学英语视听说4-教师用书参考版.docx

Unit 1 New PerspectiveLearning Objectives: To listen and watch for gist and specific information To compare different life attitudes To talk about changes in life attitudes To discuss how to handle depression and stressPart I Communication SkillsTask 1 Warm upTeaching tips:Encourage students to discuss the life attitudes they hold and the benefits of a good life attitude.Ask them whether they want to change their life attitudes.Task 2 ListeningExercise 1Culture Tips:Henry Ford He was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and the father of modem assembly lines used in mass production. (From Wikipedia)Keys:See the audio scriptAudio Script (无音频,需要录音)Nicole: Hey, Nancy, have you heard Margaret got promoted?Nancy: Yes, I have. The achievement is awesome considering of all the hardships she's been through.Nicole: Yeah, I really admire her. She is such an optimist.Nancy: Me, too. It's inspiring to see how much an optimist achieves. They are winners of life while pessimists are losers.Nicole: I can't agree with you more. When there are dark clouds in life, optimists search for the silver lining of opportunity while pessimists merely complain.Nancy: Uh-huh. It's amazing how one's attitude affects his achievements. A positive attitude really makes a big difference.Nicole: Do you know attitudes also affect one's health?Nancy: No. I don't. Enlighten me.Nicole: A certain group of researchers are said to have taken personality tests of some people, and they tracked their health status for 30 years. You can guess for the result.Nancy: The optimists turned out to be healthier?Nicole: Yeah. The optimists are reported to have better physical and mental functioning. Meanwhile, they also lived longer on average than pessimists.Nancy: Wow, that's so incredible. I think sometimes I am a little bit pessimistic. It's time for a change.Nicole: Yes. Actually, it's not that difficult to change. Just remember, whenever you hold a negative thought, immediately replace it with a positive one. Keep training yourself like this, and then you will be an optimist.Nancy: That's good news for all the pessimists. It's not too late to change.Nicole: No, it's not. And remember Henry Ford once said, HYou can believe you can, or you can believe you can't, either way you will be correct.*Useful ExpressionsTeaching tips:Draw students' attention to the sentence patterns in comparing optimism and pessimism and encourage students to use these sentences to practice their communicational abilities in talking about life attitudes.Comparing optimism and pessimismOpinionsFurther DiscussionI think Optimists are winners of life while pessimists are losers.I can't agree with you more.Yeah. I think so, too.I quite agree with you.That's just what I was thinking.I think I take your point completely.When there are dark clouds in life, optimists search for the silver lining of opportunity, while/whereas pessimists merely complain. /Optimists tend to persevere in the face of difficulties. On the contrary /In comparison /Conversely /However, pessimists are more likely to quit at the first sign of trouble.Uh-huh. Optimists and pessimists are completely different from each other.The two attitudes contrast strikingly.Optimism and pessimism are opposing mindsets.It's amazing how one's attitude affects his achievements./We should notice optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces./ The way one looks at life determines how he feels, how he performs and how well he gets along with other people.Yeah, A positive attitude really makes a big difference. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes and expectations lead to an unfruitful and disappointing life.There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success. The same rule works for pessimism and failure.Therefore each of us must/it's our decision to choose between the two opposing life attitudes/perspectives.So will we look up in hope or down in despair?We should change for a more positive/ pessimistic life attitude. It's never too late to change.Task 3 Speaking UpPair WorkAre you an optimist or a pessimist? Discuss it with your partner and use some concrete examples from your daily life to support your opinion.(open)Part II Topic-related Listening and SpeakingTasklPre-listening ActivityExercise 1Culture Tips:World Laughter Day takes place on the first Sunday in May. The first celebration was on January 11, 1998, in Mumbai, India, and was arranged by Dr. Madan Kataria.Twitter is a social networking and microblogging service that enables its users to send and read other user messages called tweets. Since its creation in 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Twitter has gained notability and popularity worldwide.Sarin Rothburg: an advocate of “World Laughter Day".Keys:l.F 2. F 3.T 4.TExercise 2Keys:1) feel good 2) the illness of depression3) really exercise 4) reaction5) watching comedyOral PracticePair Discussion (Open)Culture Tips:EQ or Emotional Quotient is a measure of the ability to notice and then manage feelings and then control reactions. One's mood will always control his ability to resolve problems, making this an important skill to develop and use. Using a well developed EQ will help one manage emotions.IQ or Intelligence Quotient is a measure of intelligence. A way to rate this for any individual is by taking an IQ test. The majority of people rank in at about 90-110.(http:/www.associatedcontent. cotn/a rticle/321440/eq_vs_iq_which_is_more_importan t_in. html ?c at=4)World iMughter DaySarin RothburgIt*s like a spring cleaning for the mind, body and spirit. We all have to celebrate today. It is the official day of laughter. And around the world, there are at least 105 celebrations that I know of, Vienna, Switzerland, Hong Kong, Malaysia, the United States, Canada, where people are gathering for an hour of just pure laughter. So you guys do it there?AnchonvomanYeah, of course, we laugh all of the time for all of our reasons perhaps. But what is it about the active laughter that makes it such a healthy thing to do?Sarin RothburgWell, we all know from kids, it just makes you feel good. There are tremendous studies with compelling researchers around the world, Dr. Burke, Dr. Tan, Paul McGee, Henslin. They are doing incredible studies to show the connection that our laughter has to the body. There are incredible physiological reactions. The study just was released this week that talks about how it can stimulate appetite, particularly in people who are living with the illness of depression, who have lost the will to eat. It can also really exercise the cardio and pulmonary parts of the body. By their studies that show about the hormonal reaction, it helps suppress bad hormones and helps elevate good hormones, and allergy sufferers, after laughing and watching comedy, allergy sufferers actually experience less allergy symptoms.And so today is the day where we just reach out across the world and say to everybody, "Let's get our laugh on. You know, we schedule time for everything, for facebook, for twitter, you know, to take the dry cleaning. But how many times do we gather our family around and say, you know, "let's just share a laugh"？ And what's funny is I can hear the laugh that5s on in my earpiece and I actually can tell you whose laugh that is, who is laughing. There are some great people in the field, Dr. Matan Kataria, Dr. Steve Wilson, people who really advocate for laughter around the world. And as laughing is going, I can actually tell you who is laughing.AnchonvomanI know, all right, Sarin Rothburg, thanks so much. World laughter day, we all deserve a bit of giggle, a bit of laugh. So ifs all good for us.Task 2Pre-listening ActivityExercise 1Culture Tips:Rosalind (Roz) Savage is a British ocean rower and amateur runner, now pursuing a career as an environmental advocate, writer and motivational speaker.Kiribati n, 基里巴 J所 an island republic in the west central Pacific just south of the equatorKeys:1. D 2. C 3. D 4. AExercise 2Keys:1. E 2. G 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. H 7. C 8. F 9.1Oral PracticeGroup Discussion (open)Culture Tips:An extreme sport (also called action sport and adventure sport) is a popular tcnn fbr certain activities viewed as having a high level of danger, and that are counter-cultural. These activities often involve speed, height and stunts. In recent years, the term extreme sports have evolved on a grand scale. It can be categorized into three main types: air, land and water. Some of the mainstream extreme sports are surfing, bungee jumping, sky diving, gliding, extreme skiing, mountain biking, cliff-diving, scuba diving, and wind surfing.Audio ScriptRow Across the OceansHi, my name is Roz Savage, and I row across oceans. Four years ago, I rowed solo across the Atlantic. Since then, Fve done 2 out of 3 stages across the Pacific, from San Francisco to Hawaii, and from Hawaii to Kiribati. And tomorrow I'll be leaving this boat to fly back to Kiribati to continue with the third and final stage of my row across the Pacific. Accumulatively, I will have rowed over 8,000 miles, taking over 3 million oar strokes, and spend more than 312 days alone on the ocean on a 23 foot row boat. This has given me a very special relationship with the ocean. We have a bit of a love hate thing going on. I feel a bit about it like I did about a very strict math teacher I once had at school. I didn't always like her, but I did respect her. And she taught me a heck of lot. So today I'd like to share with you some of my ocean adventures and tell you a little bit about what they've taught me and how I think maybe we can take some of those lessons and apply them to the environmental challenge we face right now.Now some of you might be thinking, “Hold on a minute, she does look very much like a ocean rower. Isn't she meant to be about this tall, and about this wide, and maybe look a bit more like these guys. You will notice they've all got something that I don't. Well, I don't know what you are thinking, but I am talking about the beards. No matter how long I spend on the ocean, I haven't yet managed to muster a decent beard, and I hope it remains that way.For a long time, I didn't believe I could have a big adventure. The story that I told myself was that adventurers looked like this. I didn't look the part, I thought there were them and there were us, and I was not one of them. So for 11 years, I conformed, I did what people from my kind of background was supposed to do. 1 was working in an office in London as a management consultant. And I think I knew from day 1 that it wasn't the right job for me, but that kind of conditioning just kept me there for so many years until I reached my mid thirties, and I thought, you know I am not getting any younger, I feel like I've got a purpose in this life, and I don't know what it is. But 1 am pretty certain that management consultancy is not it. So fast forward a few years, I've gone through some changes to try and answer the question of "what am I supposed to be doing with my lift”. I sat down one day and wrote 2 versions of my own obituary. The one that I wanted, a life of adventure, and the one I was actually heading for which was a nice normal pleasant life, but it wasn't where I wanted to be by the end of my life. I wanted to live a life that I could be proud of. And I remember looking at these 2 versions of my obituary and thinking, "Oh, boy, I am on totally the wrong track here. If I carry on living the way I am living now, I am just not gonna to get where I want to be in 5 years or 10 years or at the end of my life.”1 made a few changes, letting going of some of the trappings of my old life, and through a bit leap of logic decide to row across the Atlantic Ocean.Part III Topic-related Watching & SpeakingTasklPre-listening ActivityReference:1. Symptoms of depressiondifficulty concentrating, remembering details, and making decisionsfatigue and decreased energyfeelings of guilt, worthlessness, and/or helplessnessfeelings of hopelessness and/or pessimisminsomnia, early-morning wakefulness, or excessive sleeping irritability, restlessnessloss of interest in activities or hobbies once pleasurable, including sex overeating or appetite losspersistent aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not ease even with treatmentpersistent sad, anxious, or "empty11 feelingsthoughts of suicide, suicide attemptshttp:2. How to get out of depression?Cultivate supportive relationshipsGet regular exercise and sleepEat healthfully to naturally boost moodManage stressPractice relaxation techniquesChallenge negative thought patternsExercise 1Culture Tips:A Brief History of Black Mental Health AllianceIn 1984, the co-fbunders of BMHA gathered, namely Dr. Maxie Collier, Delegate Shirley Nathan- Pulliam and other public/mental health professionals to discuss the disparities that exist as it relates to African Americans and mental health- specifically the growing misdiagnosis of schizophrenia and inappropriate mental health treatment due to the lack of cultural competency. After a series of discussions and planning efforts- BMHA was born. Since that time, the organization has developed into a broad array of programs including school based mental health services, HIV/AIDS programming, referrals to mental health providers, smoking cessation services, community education, consultation and training.Keys：l.C 2.C 3. CExercise 2Keys:1. F 2, F 3.T 4.T 5. F 6. TOral PracticeGroup Discussion (open)Video ScriptBlackman DepressionCorrespondentFor Lance Thompson, making people laugh is his life.Lance ThompsonLike a man, we will get a cup out of the cabinet, see that it's dirty, and we don't put it in the dishwasher. Where do we put it, fellas? Right back in the cabinet.CorrespondentOn stage, he masters the crowd. But at home, it's a very different story.Lance ThompsonI just felt like I was in a dark place. I didn't know what to do. I wasn't motivated to do anything. I was at work. I wanted to come home just go to sleep, just get away from it all 'cause sleep was my escape.CorrespondentThere is a history of depression in Lance's family, and his wife worried that his condition could be severe.Olivia ThompsonI was afraid to leave him home with the baby. I didn't know if he was just, if I was going to come home, he would not be breathing.CorrespondentThompson was pursuing a dream and supporting a family what most people take in stride. But for some reason, the balancing act drove him deeper into feelings o