2021年贵州省高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.docx

2021年贵州省高考英语总复习:阅读理解1. What's your opinion on spicy food? Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili peppers in their dinner while others can't get enough of them.Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and that cultural influences affect our taste too. But the latest study has found that a person's love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported."We have always assumed that liking drives intake - we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect personality with intake of chili peppers, " said Professor John E. Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study.But before you look at the study, you should first know that "spicy" is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty taste. It is, in fact, a burning feeling that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people's longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster.In the study,97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill outquestionnaires about their personality, for example, whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin （辣椒素），the plant chemical that makes a chili burn, mixed into it.By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and what participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand（耐受） spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found otherwise. "It's not that it doesn't bum as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling, " Hayes explained.(1) Whafs the meaning of the underlined word "loathe" in the second paragraph? A. Dislike.B. Fear.C. Put up with.D. Adapt to.(2) What did Professor John E. Hayes and his team discover from their study? A. What we eat actually helps to develop our personality.B. Males are more likely to enjoy spicy food than females.C. Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy food.D. People are wrong to treat "spicy" as a kind of taste rather than a feeling.(3) Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study? A. Because their taste has become less sensitive.B. Because they love the burning feeling.C. Because they want to challenge themselves.D. Because the more they try spicy food, the less it bums.(4) What's the main idea of the passage? (5) What one likes to eat mainly depends on one's personality.(8) Whether one enjoys spicy food depends largely on one's personality.(9) One's personal experiences have nothing to do with their taste.(10) Different people have different taste.2. In 1941, science fiction writer Isaac Asimov stated the Three Laws of Robotics. These laws come from the world of science fiction, but the real world is catching up. A law firm gave Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon University $ 10 million to explore artificial intelligence. Peter Kalis, chairman of the law firm, K&L Gates, said the development of technology had led to questions that were never taken seriously before. What will happen when you make robots that are smart, independent thinkers and then try to limit their freedom?Researcher Kalis said, "One expert said we'll be at a point when we give an instruction to our robot to go to work in the morning and it turns around and says, 'I'd rather go to the beach. ”' He said that one day we would want laws to keep our free - thinking robots from 第2页共79页running wild.With the law firm's gift, the university will be able to explore problems now appearing within automated industries. "Take driverless cars for example, " Kalis said. "If there's an accident concerned with a driverless car, what policies do we have in place? What kind of insurance policies do they have? " In fact, people can take a ride in a driverless car in Pittsburg where an American online transportation network company uses the city as a testing ground for the company's driverless cars.The problems go beyond self - driving cars and robots. Think about the next generation of smart phones, those chips fixed in televisions, computers, fridges, etc, and the ever -expanding collection of personal data being stored in the "cloud". So can Asimoy's Three laws of Robotics be used in reality? Is it necessary to have a moral guideline that everyone can understand? Whatever it is, doing no harm should be the very first one.(1) What can we learn from the first paragraph ,? A. Robot should have more freedom.B. Technology is running ahead of laws.C. The Three Laws of Robotics are practical.D. Peter wants to explore artificial intelligence.(2) What makes humans worry about robots? A. Robots may be out of control.B. Robots can do something illegal.C. Robots can become angry easily.D. Robots may have many requests.(3) What is the third paragraph intended to tell us? A. It's hard for robots to obey rules.B. A law on robotics is really a must.C. Driverless cars can cause accidents.D. Driverless cars are being tested out now.(4) What should the basic law on robotics be according to the text? A. Robots should be cautiously used in life.B. Robots should obey Asimoy,s Three Laws.C. Robots should be easy for people to operate.D. Robots should be safe to human beings.3. Heads up! Across the country, sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes. Now, the American Medical Association (AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions - serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place, we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon, which can put their health at further risk, "said AMA Board Member Jack Resneck Jr M. D. in a statement.The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible. Then, they are only to return to their sport with a doctor's written approval. The policy also sets age - specific rules for health care professionals and athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a concussion is a type of traumatic (仓伤) brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull (颅骨). It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreation - related activities occur in the U. S. every year. A study from the Center tor Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should. The AMA's new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.(1) Why does the AMA set the new guidelines? A. To raise safety standards of sports.B. To protect athletes from concussions.C. To set rules for health care evaluation.D. To help players return to the game quickly.(2) What should young athletes who may have a concussion do? A. Avoid using the head.B. Leave the field forever.C. Get treatment in time.D. Switch to another sport.(3) What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. What a concussion is.B What causes damage to brain cells.C. How the CDC works.D. How a concussion can be prevented.(4) Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Rules for Safer PlayB. Sports Injuries in the USC. Advice to AthletesD. New Policies for Doctors4. Some parents will buy any high - tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math - related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知)after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child - parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age."The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转)and translate shapes, " Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher - income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.(1) In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play? A. Building confidence.B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self - control.D. Gaining high - tech knowledge.(2) What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment? A. Parents' age.B. Children's imagination.C. Parents' education.D. Child - parent relationship.(3) How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play ? A. They play with puzzles more often.B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language.D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(4) What is the text mainly about? A. A mathematical method.B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologist.D. A teaching program.5. With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (号R独)， more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother - in-law： she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three - storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor."We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house, “ says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in： "We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother -in - law."And what does Nick think? "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would. *'It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325, 000 in 2001 to419, 000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents； many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25 - 34 - year - olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world, where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married.(1) Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A. Nick.B. Rita.C. Kathryn.D. The daughters.(2) What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother - in - law? A. Positive.B. Carefree.C. Tolerant.D. Unwilling.(3) What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on? A. Family traditions.B. Financial reports.C. Published statistics.D. Public opinions.(4) What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries.B. Conflicts between generations.C. A housing problem in Britain.D. A rising trend of living in the UK.6. After the cure of pneumonia, Wuhan Dad reread the letter his daughter left at the bedside, tears filled his eyes. In the second vlog series, make a video call to a friend in Wuhan, China Daily reporter Xiao Peng interviewed three Wuhan residents by video and phone, among whom three have just been released from isolation. Their lives have been transformed by pneumonia (肺炎)caused by the new coronavirus (冠状病毒).The first interviewee was Tian Fuxin from Wuhan. He was admitted to hospital on January 20 and discharged from hospital on January 30 after 10 days of isolation treatment."When I was admitted to hospital, I was very anxious. But after a few days I was OK. And if you're infected by the novel coronavirus, the government covers your medical expenses. Our meals are the same as the doctors* and nurses',."Every time I saw them in their protective gear, I felt moved because I know that stuff must be awful to wear, with goggles fogged up and so on. I can't thank them enough. Those patients who were discharged early like us are very grateful to the people who helped us, because without them, it's hard to say how we could have survived.”Worried about his daughter's safety, the family had her back to the university in Shanghai before the closure. She was quarantined in Shanghai on the first day of the lunar New Year and was recently confirmed to be well enough to end the quarantine. The daughter left her father a letter in which she read between the lines her guilt not being able toaccompany him and her love fbr him."I can't look after you every time you are in hospital. I was right with you» though I didn't realize how ill you were. Nothing could be done except get away. *' "Dad, I love you. After growing up, I think I've never said that. You must hold on. I can't live without you, Dad. 0 "Don't be pessimistic. Little psychological tricks are helpful. You have to tel