电子信息工程文献专业英语中英互译.docx

Electronic power steering system What it is?Electrically powered steering uses an electric motor to drive either the power steering hydraulic pump or the steering linkage directly. The power steering function is therefore independent of engine speed, resulting in significant energy savings.How it works?Conventional power steering systems use an engine accessory belt to drive the pump, providing pressurized fluid that operates a piston in the power steering gear or actuator to assist the driver.In electro-hydraulic steering, one electrically powered steering concept uses a high efficiency pump driven by an electric motor. Pump speed is regulated by an electric controller to vary pump pressure and flow, providing steering efforts tailored for different driving situations. The pump can be run at low speed or shut off to provide energy savings during straight ahead driving (which is most of the time in most world markets).Direct electric steering uses an electric motor attached to the steering rack via a gear mechanism (no pump or fluid). A variety of motor types and gear drives is possible. A microprocessor controls steering dynamics and driver effort. Inputs include vehicle speed and steering, wheel torque, angular position and turning rate. Working In Detail:A "steering sensor" is located on the input shaft where it enters the gearbox housing. The steering sensor is actually two sensors in one: a "torque sensor" that converts steering torque input and its direction into voltage signals, and a "rotation sensor" that converts the rotation speed and direction into voltage signals. An "interface" circuit that shares the same housing converts the signals from the torque sensor and rotation sensor into signals the control electronics can process. Inputs from the steering sensor are digested by a microprocessor control unit that also monitors input from the vehicle's speed sensor. The sensor inputs are then compared to determine how much power assist is required according to a preprogrammed "force map" in the control unit's memory. The control unit then sends out the appropriate command to the "power unit" which then supplies the electric motor with current. The motor pushes the rack to the right or left depending on which way the voltage flows (reversing the current reverses the direction the motor spins). Increasing the current to the motor increases the amount of power assist.The system has three operating modes: a "normal" control mode in which left or right power assist is provided in response to input from the steering torque and rotation sensor's inputs; a "return" control mode which is used to assist steering return after completing a turn; and a "damper" control mode that changes with vehicle speed to improve road feel and dampen kickback.If the steering wheel is turned and held in the full-lock position and steering assist reaches a maximum, the control unit reduces current to the electric motor to prevent an overload situation that might damage the motor. The control unit is also designed to protect the motor against voltage surges from a faulty alternator or charging problem.The electronic steering control unit is capable of self-diagnosing faults by monitoring the system's inputs and outputs, and the driving current of the electric motor. If a problem occurs, the control unit turns the system off by actuating a fail-safe relay in the power unit. This eliminates all power assist, causing the system to revert back to manual steering. A dash EPS warning light is also illuminated to alert the driver. To diagnose the problem, a technician jumps the terminals on the service check connector and reads out the trouble codes.Electric power steering systems promise weight reduction, fuel savings and package flexibility, at no cost penalty.Europe's high fuel prices and smaller vehicles make a fertile testbed for electric steering, a technology that promises automakers weight savings and fuel economy gains. And in a short time, electric steering will make it to the U.S., too. "It's just just a matter of time," says Aly Badawy, director of research and development for Delphi Saginaw Steering Systems in Saginaw, Mich. "The issue was cost and that's behind us now. By 2002 here in the U.S. the cost of electric power steering will absolutely be a wash over hydraulic."Today, electric and hybrid-powered vehicles (EV), including Toyota's Prius and GM's EV-1, are the perfect domain for electric steering. But by 2010, a TRW Inc. internal study estimates that one out of every three cars produced in the world will be equipped with some form of electrically-assisted steering. The Cleveland-based supplier claims its new steering systems could improve fuel economy by up to 2 mpg, while enhancing handling. There are true bottom-line benefits as well for automakers by reducing overall costs and decreasing assembly time, since there's no need for pumps, hoses and fluids.Another claimed advantage is shortened development time. For instance, a Delphi group developed E-TUNE, a ride-and-handling software package that can be run off a laptop computer. "They can take that computer and plug it in, attach it to the controller and change all the handling parameters - effort level, returnability, damping - on the fly," Badawy says. "It used to take months." Delphi has one OEM customer that should start low-volume production in '99.Electric steering units are normally placed in one of three positions: column-drive, pinion-drive and rack-drive. Which system will become the norm is still unclear. Short term, OEMs will choose the steering system that is easiest to integrate into an existing platform. Obviously,greater potential comes from designing the system into an all-new platform. "We have all three designs under consideration," says Dr. Herman Strecker, group vice president of steering systems division at ZF in Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany. "It's up to the market and OEMs which version finally will be used and manufactured." "The large manufacturers have all grabbed hold of what they consider a core technology," explains James Handy sides, TRW vice president, electrically assisted steering in Sterling Heights, Mich. His company offers a portfolio of electric steering systems (hybrid electric, rack-, pinion-, and column-drive). TRW originally concentrated on what it still believes is the purest engineering solution for electric steering-the rack-drive system. The system is sometimes refer to as direct drive or ball/nut drive. Still, this winter TRW hedged its bet, forming a joint venture with LucasVarity. The British supplier received $50 million in exchange for its electric column-drive steering technology and as sets. Initial production of the column and pinion drive electric steering systems is expected to begin in Birmingham, England, in 2000.In 1995, according to Delphi, traditional hydraulic power steering systems were on 7596 of all vehicles sold globally. That 37-million vehicle pool consumes about 10 million gallons in hydraulic fluid that could be superfluous, if electric steering really takes off.The present invention relates to an electrically powered drive mechamsm for providing powered assistance to a vehicle steering mechanism. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrically powered driven mechanism for providing powered assistance to a vehicle steering mechanism having a manually rotatable member for operating the steering mechanism, the drive mechanism including a torque sensor operable to sense torque being manually applied to the rotatable member, an electrically powered drive motor drivingly connected to the rotatable member and a controller which is arranged to control the speed and direction of rotation of the drive motor in response to signals received from the torque sensor, the torque sensor including a sensor shaft adapted for connection to the rotatable member to form an extension thereof so that torque is transmitted through said sensor shaft when the rotatable member is manually rotated and a strain gauge mounted on the sensor shaft for producing a signal indicative of the amount of torque being transmitted through said shaft. Preferably the sensor shaft is non-rotatably mounted at one axial end in a first coupling member and is non-rotatably mounted at its opposite axial end in a second coupling member, the first and second coupling members being inter-engaged to permit limited rotation there between so that torque under a predetermined limit is transmitted by the sensor shaft only and so that torque above said predetermined limit is transmitted through the first and second coupling members.Now, power steering systems of some cars have become the standard-setting, the whole world about half of the cars used to power steering. With the development of automotive electronics technology, some cars have been using electric power steering gear, the car of the economy, power and mobility has improved. Electric power steering device on the car is a new power steering system device, developed rapidly in recent years both at home and abroad, because of its use of programmable electronic control devices, the flexibility in the same time there are also potential safety problems. In the analysis This unique product on the basis of the author of the characteristics of electronic control devices, security clearance just that the factors that deal with security measures, and discussed a number of concerns the safety of specific issues. The results show that : Existing standards can not meet the electric power steering device security needs and made the electric power steering device safety evaluation of the idea. Research work on the electric power steering device development and evaluation of reference value.电子动力转向系统电子动力转向系统是什么?电子动力转向系统是通过一个电动机来驱动动力方向盘液压泵或直接驱动转向联动装置。电子动力转向的功能由于不依赖于发动机转速，所以能节省能源电子动力转向系统是怎么运行？：传统的动力方向盘系统使用一条引擎辅助传送带驾驶气泵，提供操作在动力方向盘齿轮或作动器的一个活塞协助驱动的被加压的流体。在电动液压的控制，一个电子动力方向盘包括一台电动机控制的一个高效率泵浦。由一个电控制器调控泵浦压力和流速来控制泵浦的速度，为不同的驾驶路况的提供转向。 泵浦可以在汽车行驶低速时关闭以提供节能（在当代的世界市场上)。电动控制转向使用电动机通过齿轮齿条机构直接连接以达到转向控制（无泵或液体）。多个电机驱动器和多驱动控制的实现是可能的。一个微处理器控制转向动态和驱动的工作。输入因子包括车速，转向，车轮扭矩，角度位置和转率。工作运行时的具体细节：“转向传感器”位于变速箱体的输入轴，提供输入信号。 转向传感器实际上是在一个两位一体的传感器： “扭矩传感器”把转换指点扭矩输入和它的方向成电压信号，同时“自转传感器”转换转动速度和方向成电压信号。 共用一个箱体的“接口”电路把扭矩传感器和自转传感器的信号转换成控制电子电路可处理的信号。从指点传感器的输入由那微处理器的控制单元消化也监测从车速传感器的输入。传感器输入然后被比较确定多少机械化根据一张被预编程序的“力量地图”需要在控制单元的记忆。 控制单元然后派出适当的命令对然后供给电动机以潮流的“电源装置”。马达推挤机架在右边或左边根据哪个方式电压流动(扭转潮流扭转方向马达旋转)。 增加潮流对马达增加功率的协助。系统有三种操作方式： 左边或右边机械化提供以回应从指点扭矩和自转传感器的输入的输入的“正常”控制方式； 被用于在完成轮以后协助指点回归的“回归”控制方式; 并且改变及车速改进路感受和挫伤佣金的“更加潮湿的”控制方式。如果方向盘被转动，并且举行在充分锁位置和指点协助到达最大值，控制单元使潮流降低到电动机防止也许损坏马达的超载情况。控制单元也被设计保护马达以防止电压浪涌免受一个有毛病的交流发电机或充电的问题。电子转向控制单位有能力在自我诊断的缺点通过监测系统输入和产品和电动机的激励电流上。如果问题发生，控制单元通过开动在电源装置的一个故障自动保险的中转关闭系统。这消灭所有机械化，造成系统恢复回到手工指点。破折号EPS警告灯也被阐明警告司机。 要诊断问题，技术员跳服务检查连接器的终端并且读出问题代码。汽车电动助力转向系统减重承诺、燃料储蓄和包装的灵活性,在没有任何成本惩罚。欧洲的高油价和较小的车辆使肥沃的试验台电动舵机、技术的汽车制造商重量轻点的承诺和燃油经济收益。从而在短时间内、电动转向将使它到美国了。“这只是一个时间的问题,只是说Badawy Aly主任,研究和开发Saginaw转向系统Saginaw德尔福在密歇根州,。“问题是成本,那是过去了。到2002年在美国汽车电动助力转向的成本完全可以洗一洗。”今天,电动和hybrid-powered车辆(EV),包括丰田普锐斯和通用的EV-1,完美的域名电动转向。但是到2010年,集团公司内部研究报告估计,每天有三个世界生产的汽车将配备某种形式的electrically-assisted转向。克利夫兰的供应商声称其新的转向系统可以提高燃油经济性的2哩,同时还要加强处理。真正的底线的效益,为汽车厂商降低整体成本和减少安装时间,由于不需要泵、软管、液体。另一个优点是缩短声称开发时间。比如,一个研究团队E-TUNE德尔菲,一个ride-and-handling软件包,可以跑一台笔记本电脑。“他们可以把电脑和为它插上电源,将它贴附到控制器和改变所有的处理参数,returnability努力水平、阻尼在飞,”Badawy说。“它用来花上好几个月。“德尔福已一OEM客户应该会收取少许,生产99年。电动转向单位通常被放置在一个三个职位:column-drive,pinion-drive和rack-drive。 这系统将成为一种标准尚不清楚。短期内,原始设备制造商将选择转向系统是最容易融入现有的平台。显然,更大的潜力来源于设计成一个全新的系统平台。“我们都在考虑三种设计方案说:“赫尔曼Strecker患病,集团副总裁科转向系统在Schwaebisch ZF Gmuend,德国。“这是市场和oem哪个版本的最后将被使用,制造的。“大型制造商都抓住他们考虑一个核心技术”,解释詹姆斯方便的两侧,天合副总裁,电动辅助转向英镑的高度,自我。他的公司提供的一个公事包的电动转向系统(混合动力,架-,齿轮-,和column-drive)。最初集中在天合仍然认为是最纯洁的技术解决方案rack-drive电动转向系统。这个系统是有时指作为直接开车或球/螺母驱动。仍然,这个冬天天合对冲其打赌,形成一个合资企业,LucasVarity。英国供应商收到了5000万美元,以换取其电气column-drive转向技术,集。初始生产于2000年在英国伯明翰柱和齿轮驱动电动转向系统有望。1995年,根据Delphi中,传统液压动力转向系统是在7596年的全球汽车市场份额。如果电动转向真正起飞，3700万年消耗大约1000万加仑汽车池在液压流体可能是多余的。本发明涉及一种这种电动驱动mechamsm提供援助汽车转向动力机制。根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一个这种电动驱动机理提供援助车辆动力转向机构有一个手动可操作转向机构成员,激励机制包括扭矩传感器感应力矩可被应用于可手动成员,一个这种电动驱动电机drivingly连接到会员和控制器可设置控制的速度和方向驱动电机的旋转响应信号接收的扭矩传感器、转矩传感器包括一个传感器轴适合连接,形成一个可扩展成员都使扭矩传感器传播说轴在会员可手动旋转和应变规轴安装在传感器产生一个信号指示的金额被传输扭矩轴通过说。最好是传感器安装在一个non-rotatably轴轴向结束在第一个成员,non-rotatably耦合轴安装在其反面结束在第二个耦合成员,第一和第二耦合成员被inter-engaged允许有限的旋转使转矩及下一个预定的限制是通过传感器,只使扭矩轴上述预定的限制是传播第一和第二耦合的成员。现在，动力转向系统已成为一些轿车的标准设置，全世界约有一半的轿车采用动力转向。随着汽车电子技术的发展，目前一些轿车已经使用电动助力转向器，使汽车的经济性、动力性和机动性都有所提高。电动助力转向装置是汽车上一种新的助力转向系统装置,近年来在国内外发展迅速,由于它采用了可编程电子控制装置,在带来灵活性的同时也存在着安全隐患.在分析这种产品特殊性的基础上,笔者结合电子控制装置的特点,指出了事关安全性的因素,提出了处理安全性的措施,并讨论了几个事关安全性的具体问题.研究结果表明:现有标准不能够满足电动助力转向装置安全性的需要;并提出了对电动助力转向装置进行安全性测评的思想.研究工作对电动助力转向装置的开发以及评价具有参考意义。 Career planningMy career planning is to be a software engineer, because I like programming, and her job prospects are good. As we all know, the development of the software industry level, decided to a national information industry level and in the international market competitive ability. At present, China's senior software shortages have become the main the software industry in China of the fast development of a bottleneck. In China, the domestic market demand for software technicians as high as 800000 people a year, electronic and information engineering graduates in colleges and universities of software engineering talent is scarce, especially high quality software engineering talents of extreme shortage.Skill shortage is one of the weakness of the current university students, only have a solid theoretical knowledge, it's hard to put the theoretical knowledge into practice. So, during the period of school, I took an active part in some skills training, let myself of what we are applied to practical. In order to better adapt to society in need of, I grasp the premise of the school curriculum to make full use of spare time, read a lot in extra-curricular reading, to broaden their knowledge.      Through professional courses, I now have strong computer skills and professional use of the software. Proficient in office, wps software, skilled use of quartus ii, altium designer 6, altium dxp2004, protel 99se software, proficient in verilog hdl, vhdl, c language. Computer hardware, I am familiar with principles of its composition, can skillfully assembled by computer to an independent computer to rule out all kinds of trouble.       As a university student about to graduate, I have confidence to meet new challenges, and overcome the challenge of self, I may not the best, but it must be most carefully, and please believe me and give me time to achieve self-value opportunities. 10 / 10