考研英语长难句真题解析.docx

考研英语长难句解析（考研真题）2006 Part A Text 11. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference“ characteristic of popular culture.【译文】（美国社会出现）“服饰和话语趋于平民化的一致，随意和尊重的缺失”，这样正是通俗文化的特点。【析句】注意句子的表语是引号中的句子成分，表语实际是三个内容：the democratizing uniformity, the casualness 和 absence of deference0形容词短语（characteristic of popu 1 ar culture）是表语的后置定语。对此句的理解在很大程度上取决于对单词的理解。【讲词】democratize意为“民主化”，本句中意为“平民化”。uniformity 意为“相同，一致“。Since then, the nation has sought uniformity in education to expand opportunities to all students.（自那时起，国家就致力于向所有的学生提供相同的教育机会。）This procedure has produced gratifying results in achieving uniformity in recommendations and decisions.（这一程序统一了建议和决定，效果令人满意。）discourse表示书面和口头的表达，因此一般译成“话语”，语言学的说法是“语篇”。casualness表示随意的态度、举止、穿着等。deference 意为"顺从，尊重"。In deference to my friend and colleague Dr. B-rundtland, I won t show those slides at this symposium.（为了以示对我的朋友和同事布伦特兰博士的尊重，我就不在这次研讨会上播放那些幻灯片。）Out of deference to Grandma, the father neglected to tell her that he had become a Christian.（为对尊重奶奶，父亲没有告诉她自己已经信了基督教。）2. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are f-ans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immun-e to the nation s assimilative power.”【译文】罗德里古兹指出，尽管世界边远乡村的孩子崇拜阿诺德施瓦辛格和加斯布鲁克斯，然而“有些美国人却担心生活在美国的移民不知何故不受这个国家同化力量的影响。”【析句】这是一个复合句，yet在句中起转折作用。【讲词】note意为“注意，记录，作笔记”，作动词表示口头或书面表达他所注意到的事件或观点，因而有时可以译成“指出，写至IJ,注意到，说”等。He noted that many issues had been discussed at the conference.（他说会上讨论了许多议题。）immune 意为“免疫的；免除的：豁免的"。The criminal was told he would be im-mune from punishment if he helped the police.（罪犯被告知，如果他协助警方就可以免受惩罚。）Smal 1 businesses started by the unemployed urban dwellers are immun-e from taxes for a certain period of time.（城市失业人员经营小本生意在一定时间里可以享受免税待遇。）The operation of the company will be immune to any outsid-e interference.（公司的运营不会受外界的干扰。）3. Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Ind-eed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when view-ed against America s turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.【译文】美国是否存在分裂社会的问题和极度愤怒的群体？确实存在。美国太大了，什么都会存在。但是，尤其是与美国动荡的过去相比，今天的社会指数根本就不说明存在着黑暗和恶化的社会环境。【析句】此句的难点在于对一些词语的理解。a bit of everything是一种口语化的表达，意为“什么都有一点”。【讲词】divisive意为“区分的，分裂的“，divisive issues意为“分裂社会的问题”。pocket除了“口袋”之意，还可以表示“孤立的地区，保护区：被隔离的或被保护的小地区或集团”，在句中应该理解为“社会群体”。seething意为“火热的，沸腾的"，例如：a seething revolutionary struggle（火热的革命斗争）,a seething flood （滚滚的洪水）。seething anger意为“极度的愤怒”。to be viewed against 意为“对着观察；与相比;鉴于"。Viewed against his family background, hemust have worked hard to become what he is today.（鉴于他的家庭背景，他一定非常努力才有了今日的成就。）2005 Part A Text 420. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist andcontroversialist of mixed liberaland conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.【译文】在其近作做我们自己的事：语言和音乐的退化及为什么我们应该喜欢或在意？中，约翰麦克沃特位语言学家，一个兼有自由主义和保守主义思想的争议人物一认为60年代反文化运动的胜利应对正式英语的退化负责。【析句】该句子的主干是John McWhorter seesthe decline。in his latest book做状语，书名充当 book的同位语。主语和谓语之间的成分是主语的同位语，说明约翰麦克沃特的身份。本句的难点是对两个同位语的把握。【讲词】controversialist意为“争论者，好争论者”或“引起争议的人"，controversy意为“论争，辩论，争议"，controversial意为“争论的，争议的“。see在句中表示“考虑；认为"，seeas意为"认为是”或“视为”。在2003年考研试卷的第一篇阅读文章中，就有类似的句子：He sees the firm' s outsider status as the key to its success.（他把公司的“局外人”地位视为它成功的关键。）21. Mr. McWhorter* s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case endings of Old English.【译文】麦克沃特先生的学术专长是语言史和语言变化。举例来说，他认为“whom”一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比古英语中词格尾缀的消失更让人惋惜。【析句】本句是一个并列句，包含两个以and连接的分句，其中第二个分句比较复杂：宾语是Ihe gradual disappearance of "whom",后面是插入语 for example,紧跟着 to be natural, of Old English 作上述宾语的补足语。句中的see是“考虑，认为"（consider）的意思。【讲词】specialty的意思有“专业，专长，特长，特制品”,饭店的“特色菜”也可用specialty表示。 His specialty is biology, mine is physiology.（他的专业是生物学，我的专业是生理学。）Wood carving is a specialty of this village.（木雕是这个村子的特产。）22. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.【译文】在20世纪60年代以前，仅受过一般教育的人在下笔时都会寻求一种更高雅的腔调：在此之后，即使是最受人关注的文章也开始逮住口语就写在纸面上。【析句】句首的连词while表示"虽然"，两个even都表示让步，同时加强了前后两部分的对比:since then 意思是“从那以后”，Ihen指的是Ihe 1960s。本句的难点是对连词以及时间副词的理解。【讲词】 to put pen to paper 等于 write 的意思。to capture words on the page 也是写的意思。the modestly educated指受过般教育的人。如果是受过很好的教育，英文就说the we 11 educated；如果没有受过多少的教育,英文就说the little educatedoelevate表示“提起，抬高，提拔"。Reading good books elevate one s mind.（阅读好书可提高人的心灵修养。）23. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,includingnon standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.【译文】作为语言学家，他承认所有的人类语言，包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言，都具有强大的表达力一世上没有一种语言或方言无法传达复杂的思想。【析句】all varieties of human languages等于all human languageso本句涉及语言学的一个基本理论，即所有的语言都能表达复杂的思想。句子的主干是he acknowledges that all varieties can be expressive,谓语acknowledges后面是that.引导的宾语从句。从句中主谓之间插入了介词短语including non standard ones like Black Englisho破折号后面分句对前面话语进行补充说明。【讲词】在英语中,acknowledge, admity avow, confess 和 concede 都有"承认"的意思。acknowledge 表示公开承担某事的责任。He acknowledged that the purchase had been a mistake.（他承认购买那东西是个错误之举0） acknowledge 还有“答谢”的意思。The author acknowledged the assistance of Professor Johnson in his research.（作者向约翰逊教授对其研究所给予的帮助表示感谢。）也可表示“公认”，常用被动语态。He is acknowledged the best player in the team.（他被公认为队中最好的球员°）24. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old fashioned to most English speakers.【译文】俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言，并在脑海中存储了大量诗歌：而意大利的政客们往往精心准备演讲，即使这在大多数讲英语的人眼里已经过时。【析句】句子本身并不难，它是一个由连接词while所组成的并列句。句子的难点可能是tend to elaborate speech that would seem old fashioned to most Englishspeakers« speech 是指说话的方式，elaborate speech指说话比较繁琐，因此会让大多数讲英语的人听起来觉得old fashioned。简言之，意大利的政治家说话太文乎，有咬文嚼字之嫌。【讲词】elaborate与labor是同根词，它可以是形容词（表示“精心制作的，详细阐述的”）,也可以是动词（表示“精心制作，详细阐述"）o After two weeks, they came up with an elaborate plan.（经过两个星期的准备，他们拿出了一份详细的计划。）There is no need for you to elaborate on the facts.（你没有必要详尽说明事实。）2005 Part B25. Canada's premiers（the leaders of provincial governments）, if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something,to reduce health care costs.【译文】加拿大的省长们在7月底举行的年度会议上对渥太华抱怨了一通，如果他们还有力气的话，他们也许应该花点时间做点什么，以降低医疗费用。【析句】这是一个条件复合句。从句是ifannual meeting,主句是Canada * s premiers, to do something,后面的 to reduce health care costs 是目的状语。【讲词】breath在句中意为"精力"。to have any breath lefl意为“还有力气或精力”。I don t have any breath to explain myself.（我没有精力为我自己解释。）Mrs. Hock in had scarcely any breath to tel 1 us anything, as she came in through the door.（霍金夫人走进门以后儿乎没有力气跟我们说话。） spare作形容词表示“空余的；有用的"，如spare time（业余时间）。作动词时，可以表示“饶恕：安慰：使免除；节省”等。11 is time for the President to spare himself the burden of leadership.（总统现在应该主动放弃领导国家的职责。）26. Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other expertsrecommended the creation of a national drug agency.【译文】不要说别的专家所提的报告，就连罗曼诺医疗委员会和科尔比医疗委员会都建议成立个全国性的药品机构。【析句】这是一个简单句，但是句中有一个插入成分，即破折号中间的成分。插入语实际上表示一种让步条件。【讲词】 to say nothing of 意为"更不要说"。I think your written English is quite good, to say nothing of your oral English.（我认为你的英语写作水平很高，更不要说你的口语了。）Those doing business in China are often frustrated by the language difficulties, to say nothing of the cultural and business practice differences.（在中国做生意的人常常会因语言障碍而感到泄气，更不要说在文化和经营惯例方面的差别了。）creation 在句中是“成立，建立，创建”的意思。The creation of the fund was made possible by a generous donation from the business community.（得益于商界各位人士的慷慨相助，基金会才得以成立。）27. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, al1 would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.【译文】与其各省自行制定药品采购清单，拥有自己的机构、程序和有限的议价能力，倒不如集中各自掌握的资源，与渥太华一道成立一个全国性的机构。【析句】句子的主句是 all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution。 instead of引导了一个介词短语，作全句的状语。instead of意为“代替：宁愿”，如果直译句子肯定不通，因此在翻译时可对句子结构等进行适当的调整。【讲词】pool在句中作动词，意为“汇聚：集中"。Let' s poolour resources to finish the project quickly.（让我们集合我们的资源以尽快完成这个项目。）在北美，人们为了节省汽油，上班时会car pool,即拼车上班。28. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.【译文】基础经济学理论说明，潜在的消费者越多就越有可能争取更优惠的价格。【析句】这是一个简单句，但是由于用了不大常用的词likelihood,句子显得有些费解。改写一下，可能意思更明了： Basic economics suggests that it is more likely to negotiate a better price with more potential consumers<»【讲词】likelihood 意为“可能，可能性"。Do you think there is anylikelihood of hisagreeing to it?（=Do you think it is possible that he will agree to it?你认为他有同意此事的可能性吗？）WHO, the world health organization, warns that the likelihood of a human flu epidemic is very high.（世界卫生组织警告说，爆发人流感的可能性非常高。）29. A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces.【译文】渥太华和一些省出资成立了加拿大医疗技术评估协作办公室，这意味着向成立全国性机构的目标迈出了一小步。【析句】这是一个简单句，句子的主干是 A smal 1 step has been taken in the direction of a national agency© with the creation,Assessment 是状语，过去分词短语（funded by Ottawa and the provinces）作定语，修饰 the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessmento【讲词】assess 意为“估定，评定"，assessment 是其名词形式。Damages were assessed at 1,000 RMB.（损失估计达一千元人民币。）What is your assessment of the situation?（你对时局的看法如何？） fund作名词时表示“资金，基金（会）”，作动词意为“资助，投资“。idle fund （游资），public welfare fund （公益金），a relief fund （救济基金），a reserve fund （公积金），a scholarship fund （奖学金基金）。The project was abandoned for want of funds.（这个计划因为缺少资金而作罢。）The project funded by the government has eased the traffic problem in the city.（政府投资的项目缓解了城市的交通问题。）30. Or they could read Mr. Kirby* s report:"the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”【译文】或许他们可以读一读科尔比先生的报告：“由于这样一个机构拥有实实在在的购买力，因而公共处方药保险计划就会得到加强，从而与制药公司展开谈判，以尽可能低的价格采购药品。”【析句】引号之内的成分可以视作为Mr. Kirby* s report的同位语。引号中的成分是一个单句，to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drugcompanies 是其目的状语。由于引号中的主语（the substantial buying power of such an agency）太长，因此在译成汉语时应该考虑译成一个分句。【讲词】buying power 又叫 purchasing power （购买力）。注意 negotiate 的用法，to negotiate sth with sbo Mexico had unequal bargaining power when itnegotiated the Treaty with the UnitedStates.（瞿西哥在与美国缔结条约时没有平等的讨价还价权力。）You should negotiate a pay raise with your boss.（你应该与你的老板交涉，争取让他给你涨工资。）31. According to the Canadian Institute for Heal th Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.【译文】根据加拿大医疗信息研究所的报告，处方药的成本自1997年以来持续上涨，其上涨幅度是整个医疗支出速度的两倍。部分原因是不断有新药取代旧的治疗手段，部分原因是新药比旧药贵，部分原因是价格局O【析句】句子并不复杂，但要注意英语中的倍数表达（twice the rate）,以及如何解糕原因。【讲词】 twice 可以表达两倍。Greenland ice cap is breaking up at twice the rate it was five years ago.（格陵兰的冰冠正以5年前两倍的速度融化。）arise from 意为"起于"。This case arose from a fire in a residential property in southern Delaware.（这一案件源于南特拉华州一处民宅的火灾。）The serious health problems arose from the Gulf War.（这一严重的健康问题起于海湾战争。）32. So, if the provinces want to run the health care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.【译文】所以说，如果各省都想自己掌管医疗事业，它们就应该证明自己能够管好，首先各省应当不再单独制定药品采购清单，而是协同制定一份统一的药品采购清单，节省管理成本，防止各省之间互相争斗，并尽量争取压低药品的价格。【析句】这是一个条件复合句，从句是if the provinces want to run the health care show,主句是they should prove they can run it。starting with aninterprovincial health list 作句子的伴随状语，而an interprovincial health list后面跟了个定语从句。在定语从句中，谓语动词共有四个（end, save, prevent 和 bargain）o【讲词】run 在句中是"管理"的意思。Remember when George W. Bush said he run the country like a corporation?（记得乔治布什曾说他管理国家会像管理公司一样吗？）The problem we have is that he has no idea how to run the company.（我们的问题是他不知如何管理公司。）2005 Part C33. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.【译文】电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。【析句】本句由两个并列句组成。第一分句包含一个定语从句，句子的主干为 television is one of the means。第二个分句是一个倒装句，直译不符合汉语习惯，因此应该适当进行调整。【讲词】 serve的意思比较多，可以表示“服务，服役，供职，招待，侍候，供应，适合”等。在球类比赛中，serve 有发球的意思。The political parties in this country should seek to serve the national interest.（这个国家的政党应该致力于为国家利益服务。）She served in the Navy for four years.（她在海军服役四年。）serve to 在英语中意为"起作用"。His visit to China may serve to strengthen the bilateral relations between the two countries.（他的到访也许会起到加强两国关系的作用。）34. In Europe, as elsewhere, multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.【译文】多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。【析句】本句包含一个定语从句。句子的主干为multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups,后面跟着一个由which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰successful groupso而定语从句中又包含一个Ihat引导的定语从句，修饰televisiorr publishing houses。应该注意that引导的定语从句所修饰的对象为前面整个名词短语，而不仅仅是publishing houses0【讲词】bring together 意为“聚集在一起“。This, my friends, is my idea about how we can bring together our Class again.（我的朋友们，这就是我如何把我们班同学召集在一起的设想。）bring相关的词组很多，主要有：bring forward （提前,提出），bring in （获利；引进），bring out （推出,揭露）， bring up （抚养，照料）。35. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.【译文】仅这一点就表明电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。这个事实通过统计数字一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。【析句】本句包含一个宾语从句。This alone demonstrates是句子的主干，其宾语是由that引导的宾语从句。a factin 1989为同位语结构，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的statistics,在这个定语从句中又包含that引导的宾语从句。【讲词】survive意为"生存,存在“。Few survived after the flood.（洪水后生还者极少。）The custom still survives.（这种风俗习惯还保存着。）survive还可以表示“比活得长”。He survived his wifefor many years.（他比妻子多活好多年underline 意为"加下划线，说明，强调“。The ministers underlined the importance of the participation from business circle in APEC process.（部长们强调了商业界参与亚太经合组织活动的重要性。）36. Creating a *European identityM that respects the different cultures and tradition