教材梳理知识练习-8下 Unit1.doc

8下 Unit 1 Past and Present一、复习单词表A、拼读易错单词、重要单词 present northern pollution factory realize situation however interview environment condition abroad primary communication exactly B、重要单词用法1、past n. “过去”， in the past 用一般过去时； adj.“刚过去的”，during the past years 在过去几年时间里；prep.“路过，过”，drive past the bank 开车经过银行；a quarter past seven 七点一刻。pass v.“传递，通过”，pass sth. to sb.= pass sb. sth.把某物传给某人； pass the exam 通过考试，考试及格。 Luckily, he _ (pass). I walked _(pass) the shop yesterday.2、present preznt n. 1)现在，目前 at present=at the moment.2)礼物 =giftprizent vt. 介绍； 出现； 提出； 赠送 present sth. with sb. 授予某人某物3、marry. vi.& vt.“结婚；嫁，娶”； 三单marries 过去式、过去分词 marriedA marry B=A get/be married to B =A and B get/ be married marriage n.“结婚”，married adj.“已婚的”，get / be married； be married to sb (延续性动词)。1) The boy _(marry) the pretty girl and the girl is willing to marry him.那个男孩子将会娶那个女孩子，那个女孩也愿意嫁给他。 2) She has been married to Mr. Wang.3) They are going to get married on New Years Day.注意区别：They have got married. 他们结婚了。 They _ for 10 years. 他们结婚10年了。4、realize vt.“意识到，实现”，realize ones wish (hope/dream) = ones wish (hope/dream) come true；realize how happy he was then 5、a bit “有点儿（同a little修饰形容词和副词或它们的比较级；修饰不可数名词时用a bit of或a little）” a bit / little large(r)；a bit of water =a little water。not a bit “一点也不” 同not at all ；not a little“非常”同very。6、own adj.“自己的”，my own story=a story of my ownv.“拥有 同have”； owner n.“所有者”，the owner of the factory。7、develop v.“发展”a developing country一个发展中国家；a developed country一个发达国家；development n“发展” with the development of a country 随着一个国家的发展。8、relax v.“放松” ；relax oneself 。relaxing adj. “令人放松的”；relaxed adj.“放松的”。 9、feeling n.“感受（常用复数）”hurt ones feelings 伤了某人的感情；have the same feeling有同样的感受 10、recent adj.“最近的”； a recent photo 一张近照recently adv.“最近，近来”（可用于一般过去时或现在完成时， 不用于将来时）。A _(recent) report says that few murder has happened _(recent)11、lonely, 1）、作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞。alone指单独、独自的意思，作表语。例如：He is _, but he never feels _. 2）、作定语，表示荒凉的、偏僻的、偏远的a lonely village 一个遥远的村庄12、 wife wivesA thiefs wife used a knife on the shelf and half a leaf to kill a wolf. 去 f/fe为ves13、interview n.采访、会见 have an interview with sb. vt. 对.进行面试，采访 interview sb.interviewer 采访者. These _(interview) _(interview) the stars.14、 communicate with sb. 和某人交流= have _ with sb. have no communication with sb.和某人无交流 15、from time to time =sometimes = at times不时，有时，偶尔16、since “既然，由于” Since everyone is here, lets begin our class. “自以来” 过去的时间点 since 1990, since last year现在完成时+ since + 时间段+ago since three years ago 句子（一般过去时） since I went to school 17、over 在期间 over the 10 years 在10年间 超过 He is over 30 years old. 他超过30岁了。 从一边到另一边 jump over the chair 跳过椅子 结束 Class is over.遍及 all over the world18、turn; link v 1)The tree turns green. n. 2) Its your turn now. vt. 3) They turned the place into a big cinema.19、waste n.U 废物 too much waste C 浪费 Watching TV ads is just a _ of time. vt. 浪费 waste time 浪费时间 waste water 浪费水Dont_( waste) the time.20、 returnvi 返回 return to vt 归还 return sth.to把某物还给return the book to the library 把书还给图书馆21、 pollution n.U 污染 much pollution pollute v. 污染 pollute the river 污染小河polluted adj. 被污染的 a polluted river 一条被污染的小河We should _(pollute) the water. The water _(pollute) is terrible. Drinking _(pollute) water is bad for our health.22、improve v. 提高;改善 n. C improvementimprove the environment 改善环境in ones way 挡某人的路；妨碍 Dont be in my way. 不要妨碍我。on ones way 在某人去的路上 on my way home （副词前不加to）在我回家的路上in some ways 在某种程度上 In some ways , he is a good boy. 在某种程度上，他是个好孩子。23、used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 I used to _(go) to school by bus. 我过去常常坐公车去学校be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 I am used _(go) here now. 我现在已经习惯住在这里了。be used to do/for sth. 被用来做某事 Pen is used to write. 笔是用来写的。24、25、improve v. 提高;改善 n. Cimprovementimprove the environment 改善环境26、impossible adj. 不可能的 possible adj. 可能的 possibility n. 可能性 Nothing is _(possible). There is a high _(possible).二重要句型1 你过去对我那么好。 You _be so kind to me.2 你对阳光镇非常了解吗？Do you know Sunshine Town very well? 3. 阳光河边曾经有一个钢铁厂。There was once a _ near the Sunshine River.4. 做某事对某人来说。 Its + adj + for sb to do sth.对我们来说像以前一样经常见面已经变得不可能了。 It has become impossible for us to _5. 我们过去常在一起打牌下中国象棋。 We used to _together.6. 我有时会觉得有点孤独。 I feel a bit lonely from time to time.7. 不管怎样，能看到小镇这些令人惊叹的变化，还是不错的。 Anyway, _to see the amazing changes in the town.8. 近几年我的家乡发生了许多变化。 （3种）Many changes _ in my hometown over the years.There have been _ in my hometown over the years.My hometown _ a lot over the years.9. 自从他去世以来已经三年了。( 4种 ) He _three years ago. He _ for three years/ since three years ago . It is / has been three years since _. Three years _since he died.10. 现在人们可以乘公共汽车、出租车或火车进出城镇，但是在过去，人们只能乘公共汽车或骑自行车旅行 People can now travel to and from the town by bus, taxi or train, but _people could only travel by bus or bicycle.11. 当地人过去住在老房子里， 但现在大部分人已经搬进了新公寓。 Local people used to _, but now, most of them have moved into new flats. 12. 他习惯于晚饭后散步。 He is used to _ after supper.13. 你们如何互相保持联系？ How do you _each other?14. 我们主要通过QQ交流。 We _communicate by QQ.15. 我过去步行上学。 I used to walk to school. / I used to go to school _.16. 因特网使得交际容易得多。 The Internet makes communication _.17. 很快适应生活的变化不容易。 Its not easy to _the changes of life quickly.18. 过去，小镇上的路又狭窄又脏；但是现在街道又宽又干净，两边绿树成荫。In the past, there were (only) narrow and dirty roads in the small town. But now the streets are wide and clean, _.19. 政府也在一些大的空地上建了商店和高楼。 The government has also built shops and tall buildings _20. 现在人们正享受舒适的生活。 Now people are enjoying a comfortable life.21. 现在政府把镇中心的一部分变成了一个新的公园。 Now the government _the town _ a park.三、重要语法（例句解读）1、现在完成时的肯定句、否定句的构成（以实义动词work为例）肯定句：I/We/You/They have (I/We/You/Theyve) worked.否定句：I/We/You/They have not (I/We/You/They havent) worked.肯定句：He/She/ It has(Hes/Shes/Its) worked.否定句：He/She/It has not(hasnt) worked.2、现在完成时的一般疑问句及其简略答语（肯定、否定）的构成一般疑问句： Have I/we/you/they worked?肯定简略答语：Yes, I/we/you/they have.否定简略答语：No, I/we/you/they have not(havent).一般疑问句： Has he/she/ it worked?肯定简略答语：Yes, he/ she/it has.否定简略答语：No, he/she/it has not (hasnt).3、现在完成时的用法用法1：过去开始发生的动作或存在的状况一直延续到现在例句：They have waited for more than two hours.他们等了两个多小时。 He has been an English teacher since 2002.自从2002年以来他一直当英语教师。特别提示：常用的标志词有：for two days/ weeks, for a long time, since last year/ 2005用法2：表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响例句：Ive already mailed the letter.那封信我已经寄出。Have you ever eaten French cheese? 你（曾经）吃过法国奶酪吗？Has it stopped raining yet? 雨已经停了吗？（yet表示期待雨停止）I have just finished my homework. 我刚做完家庭作业。特别提示：常用标志词有：already(用于肯定句),never(用于否定句)，ever(用于疑问句，问初次经历)，yet(用于否定句、疑问句)，just(位于实义动词前)，before（一般位于句末）用法3：过去发生的动作，到现在为止这一时间段中，多次动作的总和或所做工作量的积累例句：She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.她真的很喜欢那部电影。她已看了八遍了。（多次动作的总和） We have learned three English songs this term.这学期我们已经学了三首英语歌曲了。（所做工作量的积累）现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语:1)副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 e.g. We have finished our homework. 2)副词ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 e.g. Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?3)用just表示到说话时为止的时间状语, e.g. I have just seen her, but I dont know where she is now .注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet. e.g. I have done my homework already. I havent done my homework yet.四、A、语篇复习 任务一：完成课文概要(尽量不看书)。Mr. Chen lives in the n_part of Sunshine Town. After he got m_, he and his wife m_ two blocks away. In the past there were small r_, shops years ago in the town. Now the place has c_ a lot. The government has t_part of town centre into a new park. The p_was a problem. The steel factory put the w_ into the river. Later, the government r_the problem and took action to improve the situation. People used to play c_ and Chinese c_ with Mr. Chen, but they do not often see each other. Mr. Chen feels l_ from time to time.B、书面表达请以“The changes in My Hometown”为题写一篇短文。要求：1. 词数100个左右；2. 条理清晰,语义连贯，句式规范，字迹工整。我的家乡泰州位于江苏中部。它以前空气新鲜。这些年，随着城市的发展，它已经变成了一个现代化的城市和有名的旅游胜地。人们可以坐公交、火车或飞机进出泰州。泰州每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。许多人搬进了新公寓。然而，污染变得严重了，政府已认识到保护环境的重要性，采取措施减轻污染。我希望我们过上更加美好的生活。The changes in my hometownTaizhou, my hometown , is in the centre / middle of Jiangsu . In the past , the air was fresh .With the development of the city , it has become a modern city and a tourist attraction over the years . People can go to and from city by bus , train or plane .Every year, thousands of people from all over the world come to visit our city. Many people have moved into new flats. However , the pollution has become/ is becoming more serious. Now the government has realized the importance of protecting the environment and take action to reduce the pollution . I hope we will have/live a better life.五、重点词组 1在碗里in the bowl2一小时前an hour ago3饥饿be hungry4过去经常做某事used to do sth.5与某人分享某物share sth with sb6步行去某地 go to sp. on foot / walk to sp7骑车去某地ride a bike to sp / go to sp by bike8乘车去某地take a bus to sp / go to sp by bus9开车去某地drive a car to sp / go to sp by car10飞往某地fly to sp / go to sp by air/plane11周游城市go around the city12太多的人too many people13等待某人wait for sb.14去其它城市go to other cities15很了解某事know sth very well16搬走/搬家move away/move house17在镇北边in the northern part of town18与某人结婚get/be married to19搬开两个街区move two blocks away20改变很多change a lot21在镇中心in the town centre 22把变成turninto23把废物排进河里put the waste into the river24采取措施改善这种情况take action to improve the situation25更加干净得多much cleaner26在某些方面in some ways27我们中的大多数人most of us28他们中的许多人many of them29看见彼此see each other30打牌play cards31下象棋play Chinese chess32感到有点儿寂寞feel a bit lonely33有时sometimes / at times / from time to time34令人惊讶的改变the amazing changes35使某事更好make sth better36由制成be made by37因为孤独because of being alone38一群建筑物a group of buildings39关于知道很少know little about40搬离某地move away from sp41发生happen / take place42在某人的一生中all ones life43在过去in the past44在最近几年里in/during/over the past / last few years45在过去的几年里over the (past / last) years46许多次many times47到达（不及物）家/这儿/那儿arrive/reach/get home/here/there48到达某地（及物）arrive in/at / get to / reach sp.49教我们很多关于teach us a lot about50中国的历史the history of China51计划做某事plan to do sth52生活条件living conditions53向某人借某物borrow sth from sb54旅游进出小镇travel to and from the town55从美国归来return/come back from the USA56出国go abroad57在小学at primary school58与某人保持联系keep in touch with59通过电子邮件交流communicate by email60使交际更加容易make communication much easier61中国的首都the capital of China62一个娱乐的好地方a good place to have fun63流经镇中心run through the centre of town64感到不开心feel unhappy65习惯于(做)某事be / get used to (doing) sth66单独alone / by oneself / on ones own67在（做）某事上花时间spend some time on / (in) doing sth.68在路的两边on both sides of the road69享受舒适的生活enjoy a comfortable life70自从三年前以来since three years ago 8下 Unit 2 Travelling一单词复习A.拼读易错单1.fantastic 极好的 2.marry 结婚 3.dead 死的 4.expect 除了5.business 公事 6.direct 直达的 7.delicious 美味的 8.relative 亲戚B.主要单词用法1.fantastic: (adj.) 美妙的；幻想的have a fantastic time= have a good/great/pleasant/nice/wonderful time;have fun; enjoy oneself 反义词组：have a bad/hard time  （玩得不开心，过得艰难，日子不好过）例：-You are relaxing yourself here? -Yes. It feels _to walk slowly along the river.A. fantastic B. boring C. strange D. terrible2.speed 作名词，意为“速度”，常用at a speed of .表示“以。速度”，以某个东西的速度作为参照，则为at a speed of +具体数字+kilometer(s)/mile(s)+an hour/a minute“以每小时、分钟多少千米/英里的速度”。相关短语：at top speed 以最高速 at full speed 以全速 at low speed 以低速例：what will happen if we can travel _?(at the speed of light)3.比如说such as一般用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，as后面不可以有逗号；for example 一般只列举同类人或无中的“一个”为例，作插入语，前后用逗号隔开。 例：The shop sells stationery ,_pens, rulers and pencils.Asuch as B. for example C. ect D. and so on 4.a couple of 一对；几个，几件。couple 作名词，意为“两个人，两件事物；几个人；几件事物”，常用短语：a couple of 意为“几个；一对”，后接复数名词。区别：a pair of 指由两个一样的东西组成的“一对；一双，一副”，缺一不可。例：He has been here for _days.5 . at the end of /by the end of /in the end的区别at the end of意为“在结束时、在的尽头”，强调一段时间的结束点或某段路程的终止处。by the end of意为“到末为止”，后可跟过去时间与过去完成时连用，也可跟将来时间，而与将来时连用。in the end意为“最终、最后”与at last 或者finally同义。例：The room was still _the speed.A. at the end of B. in the end of C. by the end D. at the end6.dead: 死的 die-dead-death die表示瞬间动作，一般指因生病，负伤等原因而死用 die of ； dead是形容词，表示状态，可以在句中作表语和定语,其反义词为alive。death是抽象名词，只能在句中作主语或宾语。例：The man decided to donate his body for medical research after he was _. He _of cancer three days later, his_ made us very sad.(die) 7. marry 作动词，意为“结婚，嫁”。marry 是短暂性动词，当表示“结婚多久时间”时，要用be married。名词委 marriage 结婚，婚姻 固定短语： marry sb. / get married to sb / be married to sb例：He has _ to his wife for 15 years. celebrate their fifteen years of _8.except:除了。以外except意为"只有除外;除去",后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,即except后的部分不包括在整体之内。区别：besides意为 “除了.之外，还有”，强调附加性例: All of them went out for a walk _ John. A. besides B. except C. beside D. excepts二重点词组、句型用法1.Can I join you ?join ,join in ,take part in, attend 的区别1）join作及物动词，指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等；其结构为：join sb. in (doing) sth.注意：join 为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其延续性动词要用be in 代替。2）join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语；3）take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用;4) attend是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。例：-_of volunteers will be needed for the 2014 International Horticulture Exposition in Qingdao. -Lets go and _them.A. Thousands , join B. Thousand, be a member of C. Three thousand, take part in D. Thousands, be in2. Im so excited. excite -excited- exciting-