2020年高考英语重难点专练五完形填空之记叙文11849.pdf

1 【命题趋势】记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有人物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。这种类型的试题，更能考查考生根据文章的整体内容选择符合文章情节的答案，可以充分体现考生对事物的应变能力。仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：1.首句完整，线索清楚。一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。2.叙述灵活，侧重语境。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。3.实词为主，虚词为辅。高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在 200280 个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的【解析】考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。【满分技巧】1.读透首句，掌握主旨 重难点 05 完形填空之记叙文 2 重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的突破口。2.跳空速读全文，掌握中心 速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3.身临其境，故事重构 采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。4.关注末段，注意感想 最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。5.浏览全文，复查核定 根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。【热点话题】完形填空之记叙文热衷于哲理故事类，生活经历类。【限时检测】（建议用时：30 分钟）A（江西师范大学附属中学 2019 届高三三模）话题：学无止境 难度：建议用时：10 分 It was the last day of the final examination in a large eastern university.On the steps of one building,a group of engineering seniors gathered,discussing the exam due to begin in a few 1 On their faces was confidence.This was their last exam before they went on to 2 and jobs.3 Some talked of jobs they already had;others talked of jobs they 3 get.With all this assurance of four years of college,they felt ready and able to take 4 of the world.The approaching exam,they knew,would be a(n)5 task,because the professor had said they could bring 6 books or notes they wanted,requesting only that they did not 7 each other during the test.After they entered the classroom 8 ，the professor passed out the papers.And smiles 9 on the students faces as they noted there were only five essay-type questions.Three hours had passed 10 the professor began to collect the papers.The students no longer looked confident.On their faces was a frightened expression.Papers in hand,no one spoke as the professor faced the class.He looked at the 11 faces before him,and then asked,“How many completed all five questions?”12 a hand was raised.“How many answered four?”Still no hands.“Three?Two?”The students moved restlessly in their seats.“One,then?Certainly somebody finished 13 .”But the class remained silent.The professor put down the papers.“That is exactly what I 14 ,”he said.“I just want to impress upon you that,15 you have completed four years of engineering,there are still many things about the 16 you dont know.These questions you couldnt answer are relatively 17 in everyday practice.”Then smiling,he added,“You will all 18 this course,but remember even if you are now college graduates,your education has just 19 .”The years have 20 the name of this professor,but not the lesson he taught.1.A.seconds B.hours C.minutes D.days 2.A.graduation B.discussion C.education D.interview 3.A.must B.would C.have to D.used to 4.A.hold B.charge C.control D.place 5.A.interesting B.hard C.unusual D.easy 6.A.no B.either C.all D.any 7.A.talk to B.look at C.refer to D.listen to 8.A.nervously B.quickly C.joyfully D.curiously 9.A.changed B.appeared C.froze D.stopped 10.A.then B.as C.after D.before 4 11.A.pleased B.surprised C.worried D.moved 12.A.Once B.Not C.Only D.Even 13.A.all B.none C.it D.one 14.A.expected B.enjoyed C.hated D.wondered 15.A.even though B.as though C.now that D.right now 16.A.exam B.question C.subject D.college 17.A.valuable B.difficult C.strange D.common 18.A.fail B.pass C.take D.start 19.A.completed B.begun C.failed D.succeeded 20.A.weakened B.remembered C.strengthened D.forgot【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。短文中讲述了一位教授通过考试给即将毕业的大学生们一个忠告：即使学完了四年的大学课程，学生们对于这门学科的很多知识还是不了解的，也就是学无止境。多年后学生们忘记了这位教授的名字，可是他的这一教导却铭记在作者心中。1.C 考查名词辨析。A.seconds 秒；B.hours 小时；C.minutes 分钟；D.days 天。句意：在一栋大楼的台阶上，一群工程学大四学生聚集在一起，讨论几分钟后就要开始的考试。由下文可知学生们正在去考场的路上，所以肯定是过一会就要考试了即几分钟之。故 C 选项切题。2.A 考查名词辨析。A.graduation 毕业；B.discussion 讨论；C.education 教育；D.interview 面试。句意：这是他们毕业和工作前的最后一次考试。根据上文的 It was the last day of the final examination in a large eastern university 可知，他们考完试就可以毕业了。故 A 选项切题。3.B 考查情态动词辨析。A.must 必须；B.would 将要；C.have to 不得不；D.used to 过去常常。句意：有些学生谈论着他们已经找好的工作，其他人谈论将会找到的工作。一些人在讨论已经找到的工作，有的人在讨论将会找到的工作。所以 would“将要”符合句意。故 B 选项切题。4.C 考查名词辨析。A.hold 握住；B.charge 费用；C.control 控制；D.place 地方。句意：凭着对四年大学生活的把握，他们觉得已经做好了准备，能够征服世界了。根据生活常识可以判断出，即将毕业的学生都充满了自信，凭借着自己的专业，觉得 能够征服世界了。take control of“控制”符合句意。故 C选项切题。5.D 考查形容词辨析。A.interesting 有趣的；B.hard 难的；C.unusual 不平常的；D.easy 容易的。句意：他们知道，马上就要进行的考试，只是小菜一碟，因为教授说了，他们可以带任何想带的书或纸条进来，只要求他们在考试过程中不能相互交谈。由下文可知，教授说他们可以带任何书籍或者笔记去参加考试，因此他们认为这次考试肯定是非常容易的。故 D 选项切题。5 6.D 考查形容词辨析。A.no 没有的；B.either 任一的；C.all 所有的；D.any.任何的。句意：他们知道，马上就要进行的考试，只是小菜一碟，因为教授说了，他们可以带任何想带的书或纸条进来，只要求他们在考试过程中不能相互交谈。教授允许他们带任何的书籍。any“任何的”符合句意。故 D 选项切题。7.A 考查动词短语辨析。A.talk to 与.交谈；B.look at 看；C.refer to；参考 D.listen to 听。句意：他们知道，马上就要进行的考试，只是小菜一碟，因为教授说了，他们可以带任何想带的书或纸条进来，只要求他们在考试过程中不能相互交谈。教授唯一的要求就是他们不可以相互之间讨论。也就是要求他们自己答自己的卷子。故 A 选项切题。8.C 考查副词辨析。A.nervously 紧张地；B.quickly 快地；C.joyfully 高兴地；D.curiously 好奇地。句意：他们欢快地进了考场，教授把考卷发给他们。他们认为试卷将会很简单，所以他们很开心地进入了考场。故 C 选项切题。9.B 考查动词辨析。A.changed 改变；B.appeared 出现；C.froze 使结冰；D.stopped 停止。句意：当同学们看到只有 5 个问答题时，脸上露出了笑容。由“they noted(注意到)there were only five essay-type questions”可知，他们发现题目很简单，只有五个论文类型的问题，所以脸上露出了笑容。故 B 选项切题。10.D 考查从属连词辨析。A.then 然后；B.as 当时；C.after 在以后；D.before 在.之前。句意：三个小时过去了，教授开始收卷子。分析句子可知，本句为 before 引导的时间状语从句，表示教授开始收卷子之前过去了三个小时。故 D 选项切题。11.C 考查形容词辨析。A.pleased 高兴的；B.surprised 惊讶的；C.worried 担忧的；D.moved 感动的。句意：他环视了一下面前这些忧郁的脸，问道：“有多少人完成了这 5 道题？”没有一个人举手。由上文的“On their faces was a frightened expression”可知，他们很害怕，很忧郁。故 C 选项切题。12.B 考查副词辨析。A.Once 曾经；B.Not 不；C.Only 仅仅；D.Even 甚至。句意：他环视了一下面前这些忧郁的脸，问道：“有多少人完成了这 5 道题？”没有一个人举手。由后文“Still no hands”可知，没有人完成五道题，所以没有人举手。故 B 选项切题。13.D 考查代词辨析。A.all 所有；B.none 一个也没有；C.it 它；D.one 一个人（或事物）。句意：总有人做完一道题吧。由上文“One,then”可知，教授此时问的是有没有人完成了一题。故 D 选项切题。14.A 考查动词辨析。A.expected 预料；B.enjoyed 喜欢；C.hated 讨厌；D.wondered 想知道。句意：教授放下了试卷。“这就是我所预料的。”他说。这个考试结果是教授所预料的结果。故 A 选项切题。15.A 考查从属连词辨析。A.even though 尽管；B.as though 好像；C.now that 既然；D.right now 马上。句意：“我只是想让你们留下一个深刻印象，尽管你们学完了四年工程学，仍然有很多这个专业的东西你们还不懂。分析句意可知，本句为 even though 引导的让步状语从句。故 A 选项切题。6 16.C 考查名词辨析。A.exam 考试；B.question 问题；C.subject 学科；D.college 大学。句意：“我只是想让你们留下一个深刻印象，尽管你们学完了四年工程学，仍然有很多这个专业的东西你们还不懂。教授所出的问题一定是与本学科和本专业相关的问题。所以教授想告诉同学们，尽管你们学完了四年工程学，仍然有很多这个专业的东西你们还不懂。故 C 选项切题。17.D 考查形容词辨析。A.valuable 有价值的；B.difficult 困难的；C.strange 陌生的；D.common 常见的。句意：你们回答不了的这些问题在日常应用中是常见的。为了给他们留下深刻的印象，教授选择的问题都是生活中常见的问题。故 D 选项切题。18.B 考查动词辨析。A.fail 失败；B.pass 通过；C.take 拿；D.start 开始。句意：他微笑着说：“你们都将通过这门课，但是要记住即使你已经大学毕业，你的教育也只不过是刚刚开始”。这是大学毕业前的最后一次考试，教授想告诉学生们一个道理，而不是不让他们通过考试。所以教书微笑着说：“你们都将通过这门课，但是要记住即使你已经大学毕业，你的教育也只不过是刚刚开始。故选 B。19.B 考查动词辨析。A.completed 完成；B.begun 开始；C.failed 失败；D.succeeded 成功。句意：他微笑着说：“你们都将通过这门课，但是要记住即使你已经大学毕业，你的教育也只不过是刚刚开始。教授想告诉学生们，大学即是 4 年学业的结束，同时也是新的学习的开始。故 B 选项切题。20.A 考查动词辨析。A.weakened 减弱；B.remembered 记得；C.strengthened 加强；D.forgot 忘记。句意：”岁月模糊了这位教授的名字，但他教的这堂课却一直留在记忆里。故由“The years”可知，岁月让我们记不清这位教授的名字了。A 选项切题。B（北京市清华大学附属中学 2019 届高三第三次模拟考试）话题：采用积极的态度面对人生 难度：建议用时：10 分 One day,I drove into a service station to get some gas.It was a beautiful day and I was feeling 21 .As I paid for the gas,the attendant said,“How do you feel?”That seemed like a 22 question,but I felt fine and told him so.“You dont look 23 .”he replied and continued to tell me my skin appeared 24 .By the time I left,I was a little 25 .About a block away,I 26 to the side of the road to look at my face 27 the mirror.Was everything all right?Had I picked up 28 rare disease?By the time I got home,I was beginning to feel a slight 29 somewhere in my body.The next time I went into that gas station,I 30 what had happened:The place had recently been painted a bright yellow,and the light reflecting off the walls made everyone inside 31 as though they were sick!That was the truth.32 ,I let that short conversation change my attitude for an entire day.His 33 observation affected the way I felt and acted.7 This experience made me think a lot.It is the same with life,in which attitude 34 .The way we look at life determines how we feel and how we 35 .If we expect something to turn out 36 ,it probably will.But the 37 also works in reverse.If we expect good things to happen,they 38 do.An optimistic attitude,I believe,is not a luxury but a(an)39 .So after that,I chose to highlight the 40 throughout the rest of my life.21.A.great B.excited C.sick D.uncomfortable 22.A.considerate B.thoughtful C.strange D.funny 23.A.happy B.comfortable C.satisfied D.well 24.A.grey B.yellow C.black D.red 25.A.angry B.uneasy C.painful D.unbelievable 26.A.pulled over B.pulled in C.pulled out D.pulled through 27.A.on B.at C.over D.in 28.A.certain B.some C.several D.anxiety 29.A.comfort B.relief C.pain D.anxiety 30.A.picked out B.put out C.turned out D.figured out 31.A.feel B.behave C.look D.see 32.A.However B.Therefore C.Besides D.Otherwise 33.A.kind B.helpful C.rude D.negative 34.A.matters B.affects C.decides D.speaks 35.A.work B.perform C.learn D.believe 36.A.smoothly B.badly C.well D.positively 37.A.principle B.saying C.meaning D.sentence 38.A.usually B.certainly C.definitely D.seldom 39.A.imagination B.tool C.necessity D.alternative 40.A.important B.useful C.positive D.special【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文的文章。主要讲述的是我在一个加油站加油时，被服务员说脸色发黄，由此一天都担心自己的健康，而第二次去时发现是由于墙壁反光造成的。最终我联想到了生活也是如此，采用积极的态度面对人生，就会有好的事情发生。21.A 考查形容词词义辨析。great 美妙的，好极了的；excited 兴奋的，激动的；sick 生病的；uncomfortable不舒服的。根据It was a beautiful day.可知，作者认为这一天非常美好，感觉很好。故选 A。8 22.C 考查形容词词义辨析。considerate 体贴的，考虑周全的；thoughtful 体贴的；strange 奇怪的；funny 有趣的。作者去加油，结果服务员问他：你感觉怎么样？这个问题显然不符合当时的情境，因此这个问题似乎很奇怪。故选 C。23.D 考查形容词词义辨析。happy 高兴的；comfortable 舒服的；satisfied 满意的；well 好的。作者告诉服务员自己感觉很好。而他的回答是you dont look _。由此可知，他应该是不同意作者的看法，他认为作者看上去不好。故 D 选项切题。24.B 考查形容词词义辨析。grey 灰色的；yellow 黄色的；black 黑色的；red 红色的。结合下一段中的“The place had recently been painted a bright yellow,and the light reflecting off the walls made everyone inside _11_ as though they were sick”可知，加油站粉刷成了黄色，墙上反射出来的光线使里面的每个人看起来好像都病了一样。由此可知，服务员认为作者的脸色是黄色的，看上去好像生病了。故选 B。25.B 考查形容词词义辨析。angry 生气的；uneasy 心神不安的；painful 痛苦的；unbelievable 令人难以置信的。服务员说作者的脸色发黄，好像生病了一样。因此作者离开时应该是感到心神不安。故选 B。26.A 考查动词短语辨析。pull over 靠边停车；pull in（火车）进站；pull out（火车）出站；pull through 渡过难关。作者靠边停车在镜子中看自己的脸色。故选 A。27.D 考查介词词义辨析。on 在上面；at 在（地点）；over 在上方；in 在里面。作者应该是在镜子中看自己的脸色，固定搭配，故选 D。28.B 考查形容词词义辨析。certain 某一；some 某个，某种；several 几个；anxiety 焦虑。作者怀疑自己感染了某种罕见的疾病。故 B 选项正确。A 选项 certain 为某一的意思时，前面要加冠词。故选 B。29.C 考查名词词义辨析。comfort 舒适；relief 缓解；pain 疼痛；anxiety 焦虑。因为怀疑自己患了某种罕见的疾病，所以作者感到不舒服，回到家感觉身体某些部分有些疼痛。故选 C。30.D 考查动词短语辨析。pick out 挑选；put out 出版，扑灭；turn out 结果是；figure out 弄清楚。作者在下一次去加油站时弄清楚了缘由。故选 D。31.C 考查动词词义辨析。feel 感到；behave 表现；look 看起来；see 看见。加油站粉刷成了黄色，墙上反射出来的光线使里面的每个人看起来好像病了一样。故选 C。32.A 考查连词辨析。however 但是；therefore 因此；besides 此外；otherwise 否则，不然。空前提到：真相就是墙上反射出来的光线使里面的每个人看起来好像病了一样。空后提到：我让那段短对话改变了我整整一天的态度。前后文之间是转折关系，故选 A。33.D 考查形容词词义辨析。kind 友善的；helpful 有帮助的；rude 粗鲁的；negative 消极的，悲观的。服务员认为作者生病了，他的态度是消极的，悲观的。故 D 选项正确。9 34.A 考查动词词义辨析。matter 重要，要紧；affect 影响；decide 决定；speak 讲话。这次经历使得作者想了很多。生活也是如此，我们的态度很重要。A 选项正确。35.B 考查动词词义辨析。work 工作；perform 表现；learn 学习；believe 相信。根据上一段中的His _13_ observation affected the way I felt and acted.可知，该空应该和 act 是近义词，故 B 选项正确：我们看待生活的方式决定了我们的感受和表现。故选 B。36.B 考查副词词义辨析。smoothly 光滑地；badly 坏地；well 好地；positively 积极地。But 后面的内容和前一句构成转折关系。but 后面提到的是如果我们认为好的事情会发生；那么该处应该提到的是：如果我们认为情况不好，那么坏的事情就会发生。故选 B。37.A 考查名词词义辨析。principle 原则，原理；saying 谚语；meaning 意义；sentence 句子。前面一句表示：如果我们认为一些不好的事情会发生，那么它有可能真的会发生。后面一句表示：如果我们认为好的事情会发生，那么它很大可能会发生。由此可知，该处指前一句的原理反过来也适用。故选 A。38.A 考查副词词义辨析。usually 通常；certainly 当然，肯定；definitely 绝对地；seldom 很少。根据前一句该原理反过来同样适用可知，如果我们认为好的事情会发生，那么好的事情通常就会发生。故选 A。39.C 考查名词词义辨析。imagination 想象力；tool 工具；necessity 必要性，必需品；importance 重要性。上文作者论述了态度很重要。由此可知，该处表示：我认为积极的态度并不是奢侈品，而是一项必需品。故选 C。40.C 考查形容词词义辨析。important 重要的；useful 有用的；positive 积极的；special 特别的。上文作者强调了积极态度的重要性。因此该处应指：在我的余生，我将重视积极的一面。故选 C。C（天津市南开中学 2019 届高三年级校模拟检测）话题：如何对待犯错误的孩子 难度：建议用时：10 分 Each of us fails from time to time.If we are wise,we accept these failures as a 41 part of the learning process.But all too often as parents and teachers we 42 this same right to our children.When I see a child 43 from this kind of pressure,I think of Donnie.Donnie was my youngest third-grader.His 44 of failure kept him from classroom games that other children enjoyed.He 45 answered questions he was afraid he might be wrong.I tried my best to build his 46 .But nothing changed until midterm,when Mary Anne,a student teacher,was assigned to our classroom.She was young and pretty,and she loved children.My pupils,Donnie included,all 47 her very much.One morning,we were working on math problems at the chalkboard.Donnie had 48 the problems 10 with pains-taking tidiness.Pleased with his progress,I 49 the children with Mary Anne and went for art materials.When I returned,Donnie was in 50 .Hed missed the third problem.My student teacher looked at me in despair.Suddenly her face 51 .From the desk we shared,she got a container filled with pencils.“Look,Donnie,”she said,kneeling beside him and gently 52 the tear-stained(弄脏的)face from his arms.“Ive got something to 53 you.”She removed the pencils,one at a time,and placed them on his desk.“See these 54 ,Donnie,”she continued.“They belong to Mrs.Lindstrom and me.See how the erasers are 55?Thats because we make mistakes too.But we erase the mistakes and try again.Thats what you 56 learn to do,too.”She kissed him and stood up.“Here,”she said,“Ill leave one of these pencils on 57 desk so youll remember that everybody makes mistakes,58 teachers.”Donnie looked up with love in his eyes and a smile.The 59 became Donnies prized possession.That,together with Mary Annes frequent encouragement,gradually 60 him that its all right to make mistakes as long as you erase them and try again.41.A.small B.basic C.necessary D.large 42.A.give B.disallow C.offer D.permit 43.A.come B.take C.fall D.suffer 44.A.fear B.lesson C.chance D.sense 45.A.always B.often C.never D.seldom 46.A.self-protection B.self-improvement C.self-confidence D.self-learning 47.A.respected B.disliked C.avoided D.minded 48.A.worked out B.written down C.gone over D.learned 49.A.left B.offered C.missed D.parted 50.A.surprise B.astonishment C.anger D.tears 51.A.darkened B.brightened C.pulled D.loosened 52.A.lifting B.picking C.holding D.pushing 53.A.help B.show C.reward D.promise 54.A.pencils B.mistakes C.marks D.containers 11 55.A.used B.built C.worn D.damaged 56.A.may B.must C.ought D.can 57.A.my B.someones C.the teachers D.your 58.A.still B.also C.even D.not 59.A.pencil B.words C.mistake D.desk 60.A.warned B.informed C.persuaded D.reminded【文章大意】本文是一篇故事。犯错误是人们学习过程中的必要部分，但老师和家长往往剥夺孩子犯错误的权利，导致孩子害怕犯错误。作者通过具体事例说明应如何对待犯错误的孩子，怎样鼓励他们，培养他们的自信心。41.C 考查形容词辨析。A.small 小的；B.basic 基本的；C.necessary 必要的；D.large 巨大的。犯错误应该是人们学习过程中“必要的”部分。故选 C。42.B 考查动词辨析。A.giv