2018年高考试题分类汇编含答案解析01词、短语辨析(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词)12966.pdf

2018 年高考词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）1.【2018北京】14.Good morning,Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee 先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和 Mr.Lee 见面）。make an appointment for 意为“为 预约”，是固定搭配，故 A 选项正确。点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for 为 预约。2.【2018 天津】11.Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went _.A.at first B.after all C.above all D.at random【答案】B 点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。3.【2018 天津】8.It took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A.display B.acquire C.teach D.test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display 显示；B.acquire 获得；C.teach 教；D.test 测试。故选 B。点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。4.【2018天津】6.The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A.advice B.order C.possibility D.invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A.advice 建议；B.order 命令；C.possibility 可能性；D.invitation邀请。故选 C。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句 that there is life on other planets in the universe 是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。5.【2018天津】3.At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving,but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A.gave in B.dressed up C.broke in D.turned up【答案】A 点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。6.【2018江苏】34.Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is _ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.A.keen B.reluctant C.anxious D.ready【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A.keen 敏锐的；B.reluctant 不情愿的；C.anxious 渴望的；D.ready 准备好的。故选 B。点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境。同时，考生应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语。本题中 4 个选择项中都可以与 to 连用。be keen to 渴望；be reluctant to 不情愿做；be anxious to 急于；be ready to 乐意，再分析句意可以得出答案。7.【2018江苏】33.Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A.in line with B.in reply to C.in return for D.in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A.in line with 按照；与.一致；B.in reply to 答复；C.in return for 作为.的报酬；D.in honour of 为纪念。故选 A。点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。8.【2018 江苏】32.Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A.assignment B.association C.acquisition D.assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A.assignment 分配；B.association 交往；C.acquisition 获得；D.assumption假设。故选 D。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening 实际发生和 instead of 而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。9.【2018江苏】25.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.A.calls for B.calls on C.calls off D.calls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A.calls for 需要；B.calls on 号召；C.calls off 取消；D.calls up 使想起。故选 A。点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。10.【2018 江苏】22.Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.A.indicate B.investigate C.imitate D.innovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A.indicate 指示；B.investigate 调查；C.imitate 模仿；D.innovate 改革。故选 C。点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。